"Umlando Wokubhujiswa kukaRyazan Batu": isifinyeto esifushane. Izincwadi Zomlando

"I-Tale yokubhujiswa kukaRyazan Batu," isifinyeto esinesithakazelo kuso, ngumsebenzi wokubhala. Umbhali ongaziwa kuwo ukhuluma ngezenzakalo ezimbi ezenzeka ngo-1237. Qaphela ukuthi kuze kube manje, ososayensi abaye bafunda lesi sikhumbuzo sezincwadi, bathole izinhlelo ezingu-11 zomsebenzi. Zimelelwa ezinhlu ezingaphezu kwezingamashumi ayisithupha.

Uyini lo msebenzi?

Izinkinga ezibalulekile zithinta "Umlando Wokubhujiswa kukaRyazan Batu." Sizobe sichaza okuqukethwe okufushane, sisho amazwi ambalwa mayelana nencazelo yalo msebenzi. Umlobi ongaziwa wakwazi ukuveza kanyekanye imiphumela emibi kanye neyingozi lapho ukuhlukaniswa kweRussia kuhola khona, kanye nobuqhawe bamajoni alula nezikhulu, ukungaqali kwamasosha aseRussia ebusweni bokufa. Isizathu esiyinhloko salomsebenzi ukukhazimuliswa kobuqhawe nobuqhawe kwabaphikisi baseRyazan, ngesibindi bebhekene nesitha. Zonke lezi zihloko zendabuko ngesikhathi sabo. Izincwadi ZaseRussia zakudala azicebile kakhulu ngokwezimiso zomqondo. Nokho, kubalulekile ngoba kubonisa inkathi ngokuphelele. Izincwadi zaseRussia yasendulo zisitshela ngombono wabokhokho bethu obude, ziphakamisa imibuzo ebaluleke kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Lokhu kuyamthakazelisa kuye. Amaqiniso omlando alula awakwazi ukuveza umoya wezikhathi, yizincwadi kuphela ezingakwenza.

Umlobi ukhuluma nge-feat eyenziwe ngu-Evpatii Kolovrat. Ngenkampani encane yamasosha, wanquma ukuphikisa amabutho amaningi aseTatar. Nokho, naphezu kokuntuleka okubonakalayo kwamandla eqembu, u-Evpatia waphumelela ekuhlwanyeleni ukwesaba phakathi kwesitha. Ngisho noBatu wamangala ngesibindi samaRussia, abangesabi ukufa. Abazange bashiye empini kuze kube sekupheleni. Amaqhawe aseRussia ayekhetha ukufa, hhayi ukugqilazwa yiBatu. Yilokho umlobi akhuluma ngakho, obhala "I-Tale yokubhujiswa kweRyazan yiBatu."

Abstract: ukuqala kwendaba

Ngakho-ke, ngo-6745 kusukela ekudalweni kwezwe (kusukela kuKuzalwa kukaKristu - ngo-1237-m), eminyakeni engu-12 emva kwesithonjana sikaSts esimangaliso. Kwadluliselwa eRyazan kusuka eChersonesos. UNicholas, ibutho elikhulu lamaTatars lafika eRussia. UBatu the khan uholele . Qaphela ukuthi umsebenzi wabhalwa ngokusekelwe kumaqiniso omlando. Umlobi Omdala waseRussia wachaza ukuthi kwenzekani empeleni. Umsebenzi ungokwesigaba "izincwadi zomlando". Umbhali uphinde abuyele isithombe nemicimbi yesikhathi esedlule. Izincwadi zomlando zisekelwe emininingwaneni yomlando, kodwa futhi zibonakala ngendabuko yobuciko, ngaphandle kokukodwa okungenakwenzeka.

Ibutho lamisa eduze kwamazwe aseRyazan. UKhan uthumele izithunywa zakhe kuYuri Ingvarevich, isikhulu sikaRyazan. Ucele ukukhokhwa intela ngesamba sezingxenye eziyishumi kuzo zonke izimpahla ezikhona ezweni lakwaRyazan.

Isikhulu ngokushesha wathumela kuVladimir ngesicelo sosizo lwezithunywa zakhe. Lo muzi wawubuswa uGeorge Vsevolodovich. Noma kunjalo, akaphendulanga ku-call. U-Yuri Ingvarevich wabiza umkhandlu. Wabiza kuye abafowabo, kanye nezinye izikhulu. Umkhandlu kumele uthathe isinqumo sokunciphisa izipho zeBatu, ngakho akazange aphume empini namazwe aseRashiya.

Fedor ayihambisani neBatu

Inkosana yaseRyazan ithunyelwe ngezipho zikaFyodor, indodana yakhe, eya eTatar khan. UBatu wabathatha futhi wathembisa ngamanga ukuthi ngeke aqale impi noRyazan. Ngenxa yalokhu waqala ukucela amadodakazi nodade bezikhulu ezancinza. Induna yenkosi yaseRyazan, ecasulwa ngumona, yazisa u-khan ukuthi uFedor Yurievich wayenomlingani waseRyazan emndenini wamakhosi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhle kunabo bonke abanye besifazane edolobheni.

U-Khan Baty ongamhloniphi uNkulunkulu waphendukela enkosini ngesidingo sokuletha indodakazi yenkosi kuye. Nokho, uFyodor Yurevich wamphendula ngokungesabi, ethi akulungile ukuthi amaKristu aholele abafazi bawo enkosini ebubi ngenxa yobufebe. Abashadile abakwaBaty bazoba ngabakho kuphela lapho bengashaya abaseRussia. Khona-ke uKhan wayala amasosha ukuba abulale lesi sikhulu esivukelayo, kanye nabo bonke abafika naye. Wayala ukuthi izidumbu zabafileyo ziphonswe ezilo zasendle.

Ukufa komkakhe kaFyodor nendodana yakhe

Noma kunjalo, esinye sezikhulu esiphezulu sakwazi ukuhlala. Wathwala isidumbu sikaFyodor ngasese wamkhaphela emhlabathini, ngemuva kwalokho weza kuPrincess Evpraksia, umkakhe, watshela ukuthi umyeni wakhe washona kanjani. Ngemva kokuthola izindaba ezinjalo ezidabukisayo, le nkosikazi yagijimela phansi esuka embhoshongweni ophakeme yazama ukufa. Esandleni sakhe wabamba u-Ivan, indodana yakhe, naye owafa.

U-Yuri Ingvarevich unquma ukuhlaziya isitha

Mayelana nalezi zenzakalo ezimbi zisitshela ukuthi "Umlando Wokubhujiswa kukaRyazan Batu." Amageyimu wezindaba nazo zonke amandla awo azame ukulwa nesitha. U-Yuri Ingvarevich, inkosana yaseRyazan (uBaba Fyodor), esezwile ngalokho okwenzeke endodaneni yakhe, wahlala ekhathazekile nomkakhe nezihlobo zakhe. Umuzi wonke wawulila ukufa kukaFedor. U-Yuri Ingvarevich wanquma ukuphindisela ezitheni zakhe. Wabutha ibutho. Okokuqala, u-Yuri waphendukela kuNkulunkulu ngomthandazo. Wabuza usizo lwakhe ekubhubhiseni izitha. Ngemva kwalokho, isikhulu saphendukela amasosha akhe. Wabatshela ukuthi bathole okuhle ezandleni zeNkosi, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukuhlupheka nokubi. Kungcono ukuzitholela inkazimulo yaphakade ngokufa ukudlula emandleni omuntu ocolile. U-Yuri Ingvarevich uthe wayekulungele ukuphuza indebe yokufa phambi komunye umuntu ngenxa yokholo lobuKristu, ngamasonto kaNkulunkulu nangomhlaba wakubo wase-Ingvar Svyatoslavich, uMkhulukazi.

Isikhulu sakwaRyazan saya esontweni futhi sathandaza lapha kuNicholas the Wonderworker, nakuBoris noGleb, owayeyisihlobo. Wabe esevuma umkakhe futhi wathola isibusiso esivela kubapristi. Isikhulu senze umkhankaso olwa namasosha kaBaty.

I-Battle of Yuri Ingvarevich neBatu

Impi yenzeke emingceleni yaseRyazan. Wayengenasihe futhi eside. Amaqhawe amaningi aseTatar awela, futhi uBaty wayethuka.

Kodwa-ke, ibutho lakhe lalikhulu kakhulu kunenxusa lenkosana yaseRyazan. Umbhali ongaziwa uthi amanqwaba aseBatyev amnandi futhi awunakwenzeka. Kakhulu kangangokuthi uRyazan kwadingeka alwe nezitha eziyizinkulungwane, futhi amabili - ngezinkulungwane eziyishumi. Kulo mpi, inkosana yaseRyazan, abafowabo, nezinye izikhulu eziningi, umbusi nezikhulu babulawa. Nokho, hhayi kuphela lokhu "Umlando Wokubhujiswa kukaRyazan Batu." Umbhali ubhala ukuthi akekho owamasosha aseRussia owayesaba ukufa, akazange abuyele emuva - yilokho okubalulekile. Futhi ukuhlasela kukaBatu kwakungenxa yezono zabantu ngokuthanda kukaNkulunkulu.

U-Oleg Ingvarevich, omunye wabafowabo besikhulu, wathatha amaTatars ephila. Walimala kabi. Ekuqaleni, uBatu wayefuna ukusindisa impilo ka-Oleg Ingvarevich, uma esamukela ukholo lwakhe. Kodwa-ke, isikhulu senqabe lesi sipho, sabiza u-khan isitha sobuKristu futhi singakholelwa kuNkulunkulu. UBatu wathukuthela. Walawula ukuba anqume izicucu u-Oleg Ingvarevich.

IBatu inqoba amadolobha aseRussia

UKhan waqhubeka nomhlaba waseRussia. Ama-detachments ashisa imizi futhi abulala wonke umuntu ngaphandle kwesihe. Ngakho uBeli, uPronsk, i-Igeslavets babhidlika. Basuswa ngokuphelele ebusweni bomhlaba - cishe bonke abakhileyo kule mizi babulawa. Futhi le nhlekelele yenzeke ngenxa yezono zabantu.

URyazan wawa kanjani

UBatu wangena ngaphansi kwezindonga zaseRyazan ebuthweni lakhe. Wawuvimbezela umuzi. Le mpi yahlala izinsuku ezinhlanu. Amandla ka-khan aphumelelana. Ngaphandle kokuphumula izakhamuzi zedolobha zalwa. Abaningi babo balimala, futhi abaningi babulawa. Ekuseni ekuseni, ngehora lesithupha, amabutho kaBaty aya edolobheni enezibhamu ze-stenobitnymi, enezibani nezinyathelo ezingenakubalwa. NgoDisemba 21, baphumelela ukuthatha uRyazan.

Abanqobile baya esontweni. Lapha kwakungumama wenkosana yaseRyazan, kanye namanye amakhosazana. Bonke babenqunywa izinkemba. Abapristi baphinde bafa: umuntu ovela ezinkembeni zesitha, futhi abaningi bashiswa esontweni. Abantu bomuzi babhujiswa, kuhlanganise nabesifazane nezingane. Abanye badonswa emfuleni, abanye babulawa ngezikhali. Izitha zabhujiswa eRyazan futhi zashisa umuzi. Umbhali ongaziwa uthi akukho nto ephilayo ehlala kuyo. Kwakungekho ukukhala noma ukukhala. Wonke umuntu wayelele efile ndawonye. Futhi isizathu sazo zonke izono zesintu.

UBatu uyaqhubeka namabutho akhe. Uya eVladimir naseSuzdal, ufuna ukunqoba umbuso wonke waseRashiya, ukubhubhisa amasonto nokuqeda ngokuphelele ukholo lobuKristu.

Iqembu eliqine lika-Evpatiy Kolovrat

U-Ingvar Ingvarevich, umfowabo wenkosana yaseRyazan, ngalesi sikhathi eChernigov, no- Evpatiy Kolovrat, induna yaseRyazan, naye. Bahamba ukuzosiza abantu baseRyazan, kodwa bafika sekwephuzile, lapho idolobha selibhubhise kakade. Ukuhlukumezeka kunquma ukuqoqa ibutho futhi silwe namaTatars. Uhlasela iBatu ngokuzumayo futhi ulwa ukuze "izinkemba zingabonakali." Ukuqhaqha nesibindi samaRussia, ikakhulukazi u-Evpatia Kolovrat, umangaze isitha. UKostovrul, umkhwenyana uBatu, uyajabula ngokuthi uzothatha u-Eupatia ephila nabalwi bakhe. I-Kolovrat neKostovrul bayashintsha kwi-duel. I-hero yaseRussia "eya esikhwameni" ihlukumeza u-half-brother Batu. Nokho, amaTatar alawula ukubulala iKolovrat. Kodwa ngisho no-Evpaty abafile bayesaba. Umbhali uthi izitha zizwa inhlonipho ngamadoda aseRussia aqinekile. Kodwa uBatu uthi uma umuntu onjengeKolovrat, ekhonza naye, wayezomsondeza kuye.

Ukubuyiswa kweRyazan

Ukufinyelela isiphetho "Umlando Wokubhujiswa kukaRyazan Batu". Umqondo oyinhloko womsebenzi, njengoba usuqedile kakade, ukukhazimuliswa kweqhawe lamasosha aseRussia.

U-Ingvar Ingvarevich ulalele izihlobo zakhe, umama nabafowabo. Uyala ukuthola izidumbu zika-Oleg Ingvarevich, u-Yuri Ingvarevich, u-Fedor Yurievich, njll. Ngokuhlonipha kobuKristu, uyamngcwaba umkakhe nendodana kaFedor. U-Ingvar Ingvarevich manje useyinkosana yaseRyazan. Ulungisa kabusha umuzi: wakha amasonto amasha, amasonto, ubutha abantu. "I-Tale yokubhujiswa kukaRyazan Batu," isifinyeto osanda kufunda, iphetha ngokuthi amaKristu abe injabulo, ngoba uNkulunkulu wabakhulula kumuntu ongamhloniphi uBatu.