Ivan Tsvetaev: biography, umndeni, isithombe

Kuwo wonke umlando waseRussia, kunabantu abaningi abavelele abaye bafaka isandla kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni amasiko nesayensi. Omunye wabo nguTsvetaev Ivan Vladimirovich. I-biography yakhe ithi uyisazi-mlando esingumRussia omkhulu, isazi sefilosofi, umculi wezobuciko kanye nomvubukuli, akazange aqaphele kuphela ezweni lakubo, kodwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Nguye owadala i-Museum of Fine Arts, e-Imperial University yaseMoscow.

Ubuntwana nentsha

U-Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev wakhulela kumpristi ohlala emndenini oswele kakhulu futhi onesizotha. Umlando wokuphila kwakhe uqala nomzana wase Drozdovo, lapho azalwa khona entwasahlobo ka-1847. Ngaphandle kwabazali bakhe, babenezingane eziyisithupha, kodwa abathathu babo bafa besana.

Lapho umfana eneminyaka eyisithupha ubudala, unina washona, futhi bahamba nodadewabo nabafowabo baya edolobhaneni laseNovo-Talitsa, eliseduze kwedolobha lase-Ivanovo. Umpristi wafaka izingane zakhe kusukela ebusheni uthando lukaNkulunkulu, ngakho u-Ivan waya emfundweni yakhe eyinhloko esikoleni senkolo, esasisedolobheni laseShuya, lapho afunde khona iminyaka eyisithupha. Ngemva kwalokho wathuthela eVladimir Seminary, lapho ekwazi khona ukuphelela izilimi zesiHebheru, isiLatini nesiGreki.

U-Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev, esithole imfundo yesibili, wanquma ukuzikhethela udokotela, ngakho wadlulisa izivivinyo ekolishi yezokwelapha, kodwa waphoqeleka ukuba amshiye impilo yakhe. Emva kwalokho, wenza konke okusemandleni akhe futhi wabhalisa e-faculty of history kwunivesithi eseSt. Petersburg. Le nsizwa yaphumelela ngokuphumelela esikhungweni semfundo futhi yasishiya isivele isazi sezesayensi.

Umsebenzi wokuqala

UTvetaev u-Ivan Vladimirovich, esethole idiploma yakhe, ngokushesha wahlanganyela ekufundiseni. Indawo yokuqala yokusebenza kwakhe kwakuyi-gymnasium yaseSt. Petersburg, lapho efundisa izingane zesiGreki. Ngemva konyaka le nsizwa yamenywa esikhundleni sobuprofesa othisha e-Imperial University yaseWarsaw, lapho ekwazi ukuvikela indaba yakhe futhi athole i-master degree. Emva kwalokho, unquma ukuya eJalimane, bese eya e-Italy, ukuthuthukisa ulwazi lwakhe ngezilimi zasendulo. Lapho ebuya ohambweni, wabhaliswa njengomsizi wesazi-profesa e-Kiev University.

Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, lo profesa wamenywa eMoscow, ngoba isikhundla esingabhalwanga somfundisi wesiLatini sabonakala eMnyangweni Wezilimi Zasekuqaleni. Ngaphandle komsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko, ososayensi ovelele wayelokhu ebhala phansi izihloko ezihlukahlukene ngokuphathelene nokuvubukulwa kwemvelo kanye nomlando wamaRoma.

Ukuvezwa kwadalwa kanjani?

Esikoleni esiphakeme esifanayo, wayesebenzela isikhundla se-superintendent of the cabinet, lapho kugcinwa izinto ezihlukahlukene zakudala kanye nobuciko obuhle. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakune-plaster kuphela eyishumi nanhlanu kanye neqoqo elincane lezincwadi. Ngezikhathi ezithile, iqoqo lagcwaliswa ngeminikelo yangasese futhi lisekamelweni elidala lesakhiwo esibhedlela esingasebenzi. Kwakuvela kule ndawo lapho usosayensi waseRashiya kanye nesazi-mlando bakhetha ukwenza imyuziyamu yangempela. Khona-ke, kulo mboniso, u-Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev wakha isakhiwo esihlukile sendawo ejwayelekile.

Kuze kube manje, lesi sikhungo samasiko esaziwayo esisezindlunkulu zaseRussia, sigcina imibukiso eminingi ekhonjiswe njengamakhophi ezikhumbuzo zokuqala, futhi kubafundi babo nezivakashi ezinye zifunda ukuthi zikwazi kanjani ukudweba. Njengamanje, leli qoqo lisekelwa osomabhizinisi abazimele.

Umshado wokuqala

Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev akazange agijimele ukushada ekuqaleni. Umndeni wakhe uvele lapho eseneminyaka engamashumi amathathu nane ubudala. Umkakhe wesikhathi esizayo wahlangana eMoscow lapho eneminyaka engamashumi amabili ubudala. Igama lakhe linguVarvara, wayengowesifazane okhangayo kakhulu. Naphezu kwekutsi intombazane yayiyindodakazi yesazi-mlando esidumile, wakhetha ukucula.

Umbhangqwana omusha osanda kushada wahlala eduze namachibi oPatrifica endlini, eyayiyidayimani yeVarvara. Umshado wabo wahlala iminyaka eyishumi ejabulisayo, lo mbhangqwana unezingane ezimbili ezinhle. Ngo-1883, indodakazi yabo uValeria yazalwa, futhi ngo-1890, u-Andrei Tsvetaev (indodana ka-Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev) wazalwa. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa emva kokuzalwa kwengane yabo yokugcina, umkakhe wafa eneminyaka engamashumi amathathu nambili kusukela ku-thrombophlebitis.

Umlingani wesibili

Eshiywa yedwa nezingane ezimbili ezandleni zakhe, u-Ivan wanquma ukushada isikhathi esithile futhi washada nomnyaka owodwa emva kokufa komkakhe wokuqala. Othandekayo wakhe omusha kwakunguMaria Alexandrovna, umshana wakhe owayephethe isibongo uMaine. Owesifazane walahlekelwa ngumama wakhe esemncane, ngakho wakhuliswa ngubaba owayengumuntu ophawulekayo kuzo zonke izici. U-Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev wayemthanda umkhwe wakhe futhi wamvakashela nsuku zonke ukuze abelane ngemicabango yakhe emnyuziyamu.

UMaria, njengowesifazane wakhe wokuqala, wayengumuntu onobunjiniyela futhi wayazi izilimi eziningana. Kodwa lokhu akuzange kumvimbele ukuba abe ngumngane osondelene naye njalo umeluleki wakhe njalo kumyeni wakhe kuzo zonke izindaba zakhe kanye nemisebenzi yakhe. Kulo mshado, u-Ivan wazalelwa amadodakazi amabili - uMarina no-Anastasia. Bobabili babeyizici zobuntu, ngakho baba abalobi abadumile.

Ngo-1903, uMary watholakala enesifo esiwumshayabhuqe - isifo sofuba, esafa kuso eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, eshiya umyeni wakhe enezintombi ezimbili.

Imemori Ekhanyayo

Kwaphela iminyaka eyisikhombisa, umkakhe wesibili, u-Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev, wasinda. Isithombe sendlu yakhe, lapho ahlala khona nomndeni wakhe, sibonisa ukuthi kukhona manje imyuziyamu enikezelwe impilo yalo mndeni wokudala.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkumbulo yososayensi omkhulu kanye nefilosofi isingeniswa yi- plaque yesikhumbuzo esungulwe esakhiweni somakhiwo wamamyuziyamu owawakha eMoscow. Edolobheni lakubo ehlonipha u-Ivan nendodakazi yakhe uMarina amabhasi avulekayo angawakhumbulekayo, futhi izazi zezinkanyezi ngo-1983 zabiza ngokuthi i-asteroid.

IV Tsvetaev, ngokungangabazeki, wayengumuntu omkhulu futhi ohlakaniphile. Wasebenzisa amandla akhe amaningi nempilo ngokudala ingane yakhe, ngakho-ke imyuziyamu yakhe iye yazi izivakashi ngezwe lobuciko obuhle iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu.