Ngokufushane: izinguquko zikaStolin, isisekelo sayo kanye nemiphumela

Ukukubeka ngokufishane, ukuguqulwa kukaStolinpin e-agrarian sphere kwakuyisethi yezinyathelo ezithile ezenziwa ngenhloso yokuthuthukisa isimo sabalimi ezweni, kanye nokuvuselela impilo yezomnotho kahulumeni.

Ezidingekayo zokulungisa (ngokufishane)

Ukuguqulwa kweStolypin kwakusho isimanje esiphezulu sezenhlalakahle, Ukuphila kwezombangazwe nezomnotho wezwe. Iqiniso liwukuthi kakade ekupheleni kwe-XIX - eyishumi yokuqala yekhulu lama-XX, ukubuya kombuso waseRussia kusukela emazweni asethuthukile aseYurophu kwavezwa ngokucacile. Futhi nakuba inkantolo yasebukhosini yaqhubeka ikhanyisa ngamabhola amahle kanye nezokunethezeka eziyisibonelo, inkinga ebuhlungu yayiyizwe. Ukusebenzisana kwezomnotho nezomnotho kwakungaphuthuki, ukubunjwa kwamabhuntshi kanye nesigaba sokusebenza kwakungenasisekelo esiphezulu sezwe laseNtshonalanga , ezolimo, njengamakhulu eminyaka adlule, zisekelwe emisebenzini yokuqala yomsebenzi, ehluke ngokuphawulekayo nemiphumela yokuguqulwa kwezimboni eNgilandi, eFrance naseJalimane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-aristocracy eRussia ingxenye enkulu ayizange iphuthumise ukudlulisela umnotho wezomnotho wayo embusweni wezombusazwe, eqhubeka nokucindezela ama-juice avela kubahlali. Yini esingayisho mayelana nalokhu okulandelayo? I-serfdom yaqedwa eminyakeni engama-50 eyedlule, kodwa inhlangano yayo yasemaphandleni, yayingakaze yenziwe. Ukuphumula kusuka ngaphakathi, umbuso wawubeka ingozini yokuphinda indlela edabukisayo ye-Iran noma iTurkey, okuyinto Lesi sikhathi saba yizinto ezisetshenziselwa ukuthenga izinto zokusetshenziswa zaseYurophu. Ukuguqulwa kwamapulazi aseStolinpin (okuzoxoxwa ngokufushane ngezansi), kanye nokuguqulwa kwamanye imikhakha yomnotho wombuso, kwabonakala ngokucacile. Inhloko kahulumeni ngokwakhe yaqala ukubusa ngonyaka onzima ngonyaka ka-1906, lapho ngaphansi kukaNicholas Romanov isihlalo sobukhosi kuqala.

Izinguquko zeStolypin: isifinyeto

Izinguquko zikaPeter Arkadievich zithinte izinhlaka ezimbalwa zombuso. Ngokuyinhloko, ukuguqulwa kweZemstvo kuthathe ukusakazwa kabanzi kulo lonke izwe lezitho zezemstvo uhulumeni, okwakungadingeka esikhundleni sabantu abathintekayo abathintekayo nabasemagunyeni (e-Ukraine). Ukulungiswa kwezezimboni kwaletha imithetho emisha ebuhlotsheni bokusebenza, okwakudingeka kakhulu ezimweni zamakilasi akhulayo asezimboni zentuthuko kanye nabasebenzi. Kodwa-ke, okubaluleke kakhulu emisebenzini kahulumeni we-tsarist kwakuyizinguquko kwezolimo.

Ngezinhloso kanye nokuqaliswa kokuguqulwa kwamazwe (kancane)

Izinguquko zikaStolypin kwezolimo zazihloswe ekwakheni isigaba esinamandla samafemu ezimele asezikhungweni (ngokulandela isibonelo samafama aseMelika), kanye nokuthuthukisa ama-expanses amakhulu eSiberia. Ngenhloso yokuqala, ngokusekelwa kukahulumeni, ukubolekwa kwemalimboleko ekhishwe ngokukhululekile kubo bonke abafisa ukushiya umphakathi ukuze bakhiphe ipulazi labo. Kumklomelo kahulumeni kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi iphesenti laliphansi kakhulu futhi liyenzeka. Kodwa-ke, lapho isikweletu singabuyiselwa, umhlaba wathengwa uthathwe futhi waphinde wathengiswa ukudayiswa. Ngale ndlela Ukuqhubeka komsebenzi wezomnotho. E-Siberia, leli zwe linikezwe uhulumeni futhi kungabi nhlobo kubo bonke abakwa-Comers, ngokwemigomo yesibili yokuguqula. IKhabinethi ngendlela ngayinye eyenzekayo yakhuthaza ukuthuthwa kwabasimiya empumalanga yezwe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda lapho. Ngalesi sizathu, kwakuthiwa "okuthiwa yi-Stolypin wagons".

Emiphumeleni yokuguqulwa kwezolimo (ngokufishane)

Ukuguqulwa kweStolypin kwaqala ngempela ukunikeza imiphumela emihle. Nokho, wanciphisa ukufa kukaPeter Arkadyevich ngo-1911, wabe esephazamiseka ngokuphelele yiMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kancane kancane abafundi abangaphezu kwezingu-10% basuka emiphakathini, sebeye benza umsebenzi wezomnotho ozimele oya emakethe. Ezichasweni zanamuhla, imisebenzi kaPeter Stolypin ngokuvamile ibongwa ngendlela enhle.