Indlovukazi uVictoria: owesifazane owanikeze igama ngale nkathi

Akuwona wonke umkhosi okwazi ukushiya kuye inkumbulo enjengale wesifazane. Lapho izazi-mlando zikhuluma nge-United Kingdom yase-Great Britain naseNyakatho Ireland engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-19, zibiza izwe lama-Victorian eNgilandi, futhi kusukela ngo-1837 kuya ku-1901, lapho iNdlovukazi u-Victoria ilawula khona, ibizwa ngokuthi i- Victorian era. Kodwa ukuqala komlando kwakungeke neze kube kuhle ...

U-Alexandrina Victoria wayeyedwa yedwa emndenini ka-Edward Augustus, uMbusi waseKent ovela emndenini waseHanover, kanye nenkosikazi yezinye izikhulu zaseJalimane zaseVictoria Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. Umama kaVictoria waqala ukushada eneminyaka engu-17 ubudala, kodwa wayebonakala ebeletha ukuthwala isiphambano somfelokazi. Umyeni wokuqala wafa eminyakeni engu-11 emva komshado, eshiya owesifazane enezingane ezimbili. Umshado wesibili wenziwa ngo-1818. Umkhwenyana (uDuke waseKent) wayengu-50 ngaleso sikhathi. Ngenyanga eziyisishiyagalombili kuphela ngemva kokuzalwa kwendodakazi yakhe yedwa, wabulawa yi-pneumonia (ukwakhiwa kwemithi elwa namagciwane kwakusekhona), izinsuku eziyisithupha ngaphambi kukayise, iNkosi George III yaseBrithani.

I-Queen Victoria ezayo yazalwa ngoMeyi 24, 1819 eNyakatho yeKensington Palace emaphethelweni eLondon. Nakuba uVictoria engowesihlanu kuphela emgqeni wesihlalo sobukhosi, futhi amathuba okumbamba ayengekho amakhulu, uMbusi waseKent wayebheka ukuthi ezinye izindlalifa zingase zinselele ilungelo likaVictoria lapho ehlala esihlalweni sobukhosi uma engakazalwa enhlabathini yaseBrithani. Ngoba wagcizelela ukuhamba esuka eJalimane eya eNgilandi. Le ntombazane esanda kuzalwa, igama lakhe linguVictoria. UMbusi waseRussia u-Alexander I waba nguyise womntwana, ngakho u-Aleksandrin waba igama lesibili lenkosikazi ezayo. Emndenini wayebizwa ngokuthi uDktina.

UVictoria wazalwa emndenini wamakhosi, kodwa ebuntwaneni bakhe basebenzise ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu (ubaba wabashiya ifa lemali-mboleko).

Ngemuva kokushona kukayise nomkhulu wakhe uVictoria usesimweni sesithathu emgqeni wesihlalo sobukhosi ngemuva kokuzalwa komalume wakhe ababili. INkosi uGeorge IV, owayengumzali obaba ogulayo kusukela ngo-1811, waba yinkosi. Inkosi entsha yayilinganisa amakhilogremu angu-120, yayithanda ukunethezeka nokuzijabulisa. Nakuba wayeyintandokazi yezincwadi zikaJane Austen, wahlonipha abaculi besikhathi sakhe, kodwa indodakazi yomfowabo osekupheleni yacasula inkosi. Ngenhlanhla wavumela uVictoria nomama ukuba bathuthele eKensington Palace futhi bavuma imali encane yentombazane. Umfowabo kamama uL Leopold (iNkosi yaseBelgium ezayo) wakhokhela imfundo yakhe.

UVictoria akazange aye esikoleni, wafunda ekhaya emlandweni, geography, izibalo, inkolo, upiyano nokudweba. Eminyakeni emithathu yokuqala yokuphila kwakhe, wayekhuluma isiJalimane kuphela, kodwa wabe eshesha kahle isiNgisi nesiFulentshi. Umama othembekile wamvikela emiphakathini embi kakhulu yokuphila kombuso, wafaka izindinganiso ezihloniphekile nemikhuba emihle. Ngemuva kokushona kuka-Uncle abathathu ababehlukanisa indodakazi yenkosi esihlalweni sobukhosi, eneminyaka engu-18 ubudala, iNdlovukazi uVictoria yafika esihlalweni sobukhosi.

Wabusa izwe iminyaka engu-63, izinyanga ezingu-7 nezinsuku ezimbili (kusukela ngo-1837 kuya ku-1901), kuze kube yilolu suku ehlala inkosi, isikhathi eside kunazo zonke esihlala esihlalweni sobukhosi saseBrithani. Lapho eneminyaka engu-21 ubudala, iNdlovukazi yaseBrithani yashada nomzala wakhe, u-Albert Saxe-Coburg-Goth, isikhulu saseJalimane. Bashade ngoFebruwari 10, 1840 ekhanda lesigodlo sasebukhosini eSt James.

Ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaVictoria, iBrithani yaba umbuso onamandla owawunqoba ingxenye yesine yomhlaba, amasosha ayo alwa ngezindlela eziningi. Abantu bezwe baphindwe kabili futhi baba yilapho behlala emadolobheni. Ubugqila buqedile. Emadolobheni kwakukhona amanzi, igesi, ugesi, amaphoyisa, imigwaqo ye-asphalt kanye namabhayisikili okuhamba ngezinyawo, izitembu zokuqala zokuthunyelwa kanye namahlaya, kanye nomgwaqo wokuqala wezwe (i-London Pipe edumile). Izakhiwo kanye nezitimela zakhiwe, amathayi okuthwebula izithombe, amathrekhi enjoloba, amabhokisi amakhosi okuqala nemishini yokuthunga yasungulwa. UDktina walandela umyeni wakhe u-Albert ngokuhlonipha ubuchwepheshe obusha futhi waba nesithakazelo kubo. Ngalo kwakukhona imithetho emfundweni yezingane futhi ukuvulwa kwamabanga ezikoleni kwaqala.

INdlovukazi uVictoria waba yinkosi yokuqala ehlala eBuckingham Palace. Wayethanda ukucula, wabhala impilo yakhe eminingi, wabhala izincwadi, waya e-opera futhi wayejabule kakhulu emshadweni. Nokho, ukufa komyeni wakhe kwamshaya inkosikazi. U-Albert wayengumsizi wakhe wangempela kokubili kuhulumeni wezwe nasemkhayeni womndeni. Wakhala ngokufa kwakhe iminyaka engaba ngu-10 kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe wayegqoke ukulila futhi akazange abonise imizwelo emphakathini. Ehlala nomfelokazi oneminyaka engu-42, indlovukazi yaseBrithani yayinzima ukuthola amandla okubuyela emisebenzini yakhe nezingane.

UVictoria no-Albert babenabantwana abayisishiyagalolunye, abazukulu abangu-40 nabazukulu abangu-37. Izingane eziyisishiyagalombili zasebukhosini zahlala esihlalweni sobukhosi saseYurophu. Bonke basinda baze babe ngabantu abadala, okwakungenalutho esikhathini se-XIX leminyaka. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kwavela kamuva, iNdlovukazi uVictoria yayiphethe isisindo se-hemophilia, isakaza lesi sifo ngemishado yama-morganism emindenini eminingi yasebukhosini yaseYurophu, kuhlanganise nomndeni woMbusi waseRussia uNiclaslas II, owayenkosikazi wakhe u-Alexander owayengumzukulu weNdlovukazi uVictoria. Indlalifa kuphela esihlalweni sobukhosi saseRashiya, i-Tsarevich Alexei, sathinteka kakhulu lesi sifo.

INdlovukazi uVictoria uqobo lwakhe, owaziwa ngokweqile ngezizukulwane ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, wabuyela ngokuphumelelayo emizamweni eyisikhombisa futhi wafa eminyakeni engu-81 eshaqweni. Ungcwatshwa eFrogmore Mausoleum eWesternsor. INdlovukazi yase-United Kingdom yamanje, u-Elizabeth II nomyeni wakhe, u-Prince Albert, banamakhulu-abazukulu kakhulu kuVictoria.