Izikhulu eziphezulu zaseRussia

Phakathi nesikhathi sonke sokuba khona kwesintu, kunezimpi eziningi ezenzeka, ezishintsha kakhulu umlando. Abaningi babo babekhona ensimini yezwe lethu. Ukuphumelela kwanoma yikuphi ukuphikisana kwakuxhomeke ngokuphelele kulokho okwenzekayo kanye namakhono abaphathi bezempi. Bangobani, abaphathi abakhulu namakhompi amakhulu aseRussia, abaletha izwe lakubo ekunqobeni empini ezinzima? Sikulethela abaphathi bezempi abaqhamuka kakhulu, kusukela ngezikhathi zombuso waseRussia endala bese siphela ngeMpi Yezwe Elikhulu.

Svyatoslav Igorevich

Abalawuli abadumile baseRussia abahlali nje kuphela. Babengesikhathi sokuba khona kweRussia. Umlawuli oqhakazile waleso sikhathi isazi-mlando sisho i-Kiev prince Svyatoslav. Wenyuka esihlalweni sobukhosi ngo-945, ngokushesha ngemva kokufa kukayise u-Igor. Njengoba i-Svyatoslav ingakabi umuntu omdala okwanele ukuba abuse umbuso (wayeneminyaka engama-3 ubudala ngesikhathi sokulandelana), unina u-Olga waba ngu-regent. Lo wesifazane onamaqhawe kwakudingeka aqondise umbuso waseRussia endala futhi ngemuva kokuba indodana yakhe ikhule. Isizathu sasiyimikhankaso yakhe yempi engapheli, ngenxa yokuthi akazange avakashele eKiev.

U-Svyatoslav ngokwakhe waqala ukubusa amazwe akhe kuphela ngo-964, kodwa ngisho nangemva kwalokho akazange ayeke imikhankaso yakhe enobudlova. Ngo-965, waphumelela ekunqobeni iKhazar Khaganate futhi ehlanganisa izindawo eziningi ezinqotshwe i-Ancient Rus. I-Svyatoslav yenze uchungechunge lwemikhankaso eBulgaria (968-969), isithatha idolobha layo. Wema ngemuva kokuba athathe amaPereyaslavets. Kulo muzi waseBulgaria isikhulu sihlele ukuthutha inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia nokwandisa impahla yakhe eya eDanube, kodwa ngenxa yokuhlasela emazweni aseKiev ePechenegs kwadingeka abuyele ekhaya nebutho. Ngo-970-971 amabutho aseRussia aholwa yiSvyatoslav alwela izindawo zaseBulgaria neByzantium ezazibabiza. Isikhulu asikwazanga ukunqoba isitha esinamandla. Umphumela wale mpi kwaba yisiphetho phakathi kweRussia neByzantium yezivumelwano zokuhweba ezempi ezisebenzayo. Ayaziwa ukuthi kuningi imikhankaso yokunqoba uSvyatoslav Igorevich eyakwazi ukubamba, uma ngo-972 engafanga empini nePechenegs.

U-Alexander Nevsky

Abalawuli abavelele baseRussia nabo babekhona ngesikhathi sokungahambisani kwamanye amazwe eRussia. Kwababantu bezombusazwe kufanele babekwe ngokuthi u-Alexander Nevsky. Njengenkosana yaseNovgorod, iVladimir neKiev, wehla emlandweni njengomphathi wezempi onethalente owahola abantu empini yokulwa nabaseSweden namaJalimane abathi bangasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeRussia. Ngo-1240, naphezu kokunqoba kwamandla esitha, wathola ukunqoba okukhulu eNova, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlasela ibutho laseSweden. Ngo-1242, wabulala amaJalimane eLake Peipsi. Ukufaneleka kuka-Alexander Nevsky hhayi nje ekunqobeni kwezempi, kodwa nangamakhono okumbumbulu. Ngokuxoxisana nabalandeli be-Golden Horde, waphumelela ekuvikeleni ukukhululwa kwebutho laseRussia ekubeni yingxenye yezimpi ezilwa namaKatar aseTatar. Ngemva kokufa, uNevsky wayesekelwa iSonto Lobu-Orthodox. Kuthathwa njengongcwele wesosha yamaSulumane aseRussia.

Dmitry Donskoy

Ukuqhubeka ukukhuluma ngokuthi yibaphi abakhulukazi abadume kakhulu baseRussia, udinga ukukhumbula mayelana noDmitry Donskoy odumile. INkoscow yaseMoscow neVladimir behla emlandweni njengomuntu owaqala ukukhululwa kwamazwe aseRussia ejoka laseTatar-Mongol. Umshwalense ukukhuthazelela ukungaboni kahle kwe-Golden Horde umbusi uMamai, uDonskoy kanye nebutho baphuma bamelene naye. Impi eyinqaba yabanjwa eKulikovo Field ngoSepthemba 1380. Amasosha kaDmitry Donskoy ayephindwe kabili emandleni amandla ebutho lesitha. Naphezu kwamandla angalingani, umphathi omkhulu wakwazi ukushaya isitha, cishe ebhubhisa ngokuphelele imibuso yakhe eminingi. Ukunqotshwa kwezempi uMamaia akugcini nje ukusheshisa umzuzwana wenkululeko yamazwe aseRussia kusukela ekuxhomekeni kwegolide lase-Golden Horde, kodwa futhi kwafaka isandla ekuqinisekiseni ukuphathwa kweMoscow. NjengoNevsky, uDonskoy emva kokufa kwakhe kwakungeniswa iSonto Lobu-Orthodox.

Mikhail Golitsyn

Amakhosi ahloniphekile aseRussia ahlala ngesikhathi sikaMbusi Peter I. Omunye wabaholi abavelele kakhulu kule nkathi kwakunguMichael Michael Golitsyn, odumile kuleNtshonalanga yeMpi engu-21 ubudala nabaseSweden. Wavusa esikhundleni se-general-field marshal. Eyaziwa ngesikhathi sokuthunjwa ngo-1702 ngamabutho aseRussia enqabeni yaseSweden yaseDotburg. WayenguMongameli Wabaqaphi ngesikhathi sePierre of Poltava ngo-1709, ngenxa yalokho abaseSweden babhekana nokunqotshwa okukhulu. Ngemva kwempi, kanye no-A. Menshikov, waxosha amandla okubuyela emuva esitha futhi wabaphoqa ukuba babeke izandla zabo.

Ngo-1714 ibutho laseRussia ngaphansi komyalo weGolitsyn lashaywe yizingane zaseSweden eziseduze nomuzi waseFinland waseLappola (Napo). Lokhu kunqoba kwakubaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi iMpi YaseNyakatho. AbaseSweden baxoshwa eFinland, futhi iRussia yambamba ibhuloho ukuze iqhubekele phambili. I-Golitsyn ehloniphekile kanye nempi yasolwandle esiqhingini saseGrengame (1720), esiqeda iMpi YaseNyakatho Nesikhathi eside negazi. Eyala izimoto zaseRussia, waphoqa abaseSweden ukuba bahambe. Emva kwalokho, ithonya laseRashiya lasungulwa eLwandle lwaseBaltic .

Fedor Ushakov

Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi abaholi abakhulu kunazo zonke baseRussia badumisa izwe labo. I-Flotovodtsy ayizange ibe yimbi nakakhulu kunama-command of the forces of land. Lokho kwakuyi-Admiral Fyodor Ushakov, owathola ukunqoba okunengi iSonto Lobu-Orthodox lalibhekwa njengongcwele. Wabamba iqhaza eRussia-Turkish War (1787-1791). Wahola izimpi zasolwandle eduze kwaseFidonisi, iTendra, iKaliakria, Kerch, wahola ukuchithwa kwesiqhingi saseCorfu. Ngo-1790-1792 wayala i-Black Sea Fleet. Phakathi nemisebenzi yakhe yempi Ushakov wasebenzisa izimpi ezingu-43. Kukho noyedwa kubo owahlukunyezwa. Ezimpi wakwazi ukugcina yonke imikhumbi ephethwe nguye.

Alexander Suvorov

Izwe lonke liye laba udumo kwabanye abaphathi baseRussia. U-Suvorov ungomunye wazo. Ukuba yi-generalissimo yamabutho ezindiza zasolwandle kanye nemhlaba, kanye ne-knight yazo yonke imiyalo yezempi ekhona eMbusweni waseRussia, washiya uphawu oluphawulekayo emlandweni wezwe lakhe. Wazibonakalisa njengomlawuli wamakhono ezinamabutho amabili eRussia-Turkish, imikhankaso yase-Italy neSwitzerland. Walawula ngo-1787 impi yeKinburn, ngo-1789 - izimpi ngaphansi kweCondsani neRymnik. Uhole ukuhlaselwa kuka-Ishmael (1790) noPrague (1794). Phakathi nemisebenzi yakhe yempi wathola izimpi ezingaphezu kuka-60 futhi akazange alahlekelwe yimpi. Kanye nebutho laseRussia ladlulela eBerlin, eWarsaw nase-Alps. Wamshiya incwadi ethi Science to Win, lapho ebeka khona amaqhinga empi ephumelelayo.

Mikhail Kutuzov

Uma ubuza ukuthi bangobani abadumile baseRussia, abantu abaningi bakhumbula ngokushesha u-Kutuzov. Futhi lokhu akumangazi, ngoba ngokufaneleka kwalowo muntu wanikezwa i-Order yaseSt. George - umklomelo ophakeme kakhulu wezempi woMbuso WaseRussia. Begqoka isikhundla se-general-field marshal. Cishe yonke impilo ka-Kutuzov yayisezimpini. Uyisiqhawe sezimpi ezimbili zaseRussia-Turkish. Ngo-1774, empini ye-Alushta, walimala ethempelini, ngenxa yalokho waphoswa iso lakhe lokunene. Ngemuva kokwelashwa eside wabekwa esikhundleni sokuba umbusi-jikelele wezwe laseCrimea. Ngo-1788, uMnu .. wathola isilonda sesibili esiyingozi ekhanda. Ngo-1790, uMnu .. wahola ngokuphumelelayo ukuhlaselwa kuka-Izmail, lapho azibonakalisa engumphathi ongenandaba. Ngo-1805 waya e-Austria ukuyoyala amabutho aphikisana noNapoleon. Ngonyaka ofanayo wabamba iqhaza empini ye-Austerlitz.

Ngo-1812, u-Kutuzov wamiswa njengomphathi-inhloko yamabutho aseRussia empini yePatriotic neNapoleon. Wenza impi enkulu yaseBorodino, ngemuva kwalokho waphoqeleka ukuba enze isinqumo ngokuhoxiswa kwebutho laseRussia evela eMoscow emkhandlwini wezempi owabanjelwa eFili. Ngenxa yecala elibizayo, amasosha ngaphansi komyalo we-Kutuzov akwazi ukushayela isitha ensimini yabo. Ebhekwa njengesiqine kunazo zonke eYurophu, ibutho laseFrance lalahlekelwa kakhulu ngabantu.

Ikhono lika-Kutuzov lezempi lanikeza izwe lethu amandla okunqoba uNapoleon, futhi yena ngokwakhe waletha udumo lomhlaba. Nakuba umlawuli engazange asekele umbono wokushushiswa kwamaFrance eYurophu, wamiswa njengomphathi oyinhloko yamabutho aseRashiya namaPrussia abumbene. Kodwa lesi sifo asizange sivumele i-Kutuzov ukuba inikeze enye impi: ngo-Ephreli 1813, lapho efikile amabutho ngaphambi kwePrussia, wabanjwa ebanda futhi wafa.

Abaphathi bempi empini ngokumelene ne-fascist eJalimane

I-Great Patriotic War yavula amagama abaholi abanamakhono aseSoviet emhlabeni wonke. Abalawuli abavelele baseRussia baye benza umzamo omkhulu wokunqoba iHitlerite eJalimane futhi babhubhise ama-fascism emazweni aseYurophu. Abalawuli abanesibindi bamaphethelo ensimini ye-USSR babebaningi. Ngenxa yamakhono abo nobuqhawe babo, bakwazi ukuphikisana ngokwanele nabaqeqeshwe kahle futhi abahlomile nobuchwepheshe bamuva bamahlaseli baseJalimane. Sinikeza ukujwayelana nabalawuli ababili abakhulu kunabo bonke - I. Konev noG. Zhukov.

Ivan Konev

Omunye walabo abathintekayo kulowo mbuso kwakungumshayeli oyingqayizivele kanye noHero kabili weSoviet Union u-Ivan Konev. Umlawuli wamaSoviet waqala ukubamba iqhaza empini njengomholi we-19th Army esifundeni saseNyakatho Caucasus. Phakathi neMpi Ye-Smolensk (1941), iKonev yakwazi ukugwema ukuthunjwa futhi ihoxisa isitha sesitha ukuphathwa kwebutho kanye nebutho lokuxhumana. Ngemva kwalokho, umlawuli wamaphoyisa wayala eNtshonalanga, eNyakatho-Western, eKalinin, eSteppe, eyokuQala neyesibili yase-Ukraine. Wabamba iqhaza empini yeMoscow, wahola imisebenzi yeKalinin (evikela futhi ecasulayo). Ngo-1942, uKonev wahamba (kanye noZhukov) owokuqala nowesibili uRzhev-Sychev, futhi ebusika ngo-1943 - ukusebenza kukaZhizdrin.

Ngenxa yokuphakama kwamandla esitha, izimpi eziningi ezenziwa yi-general kuze kube phakathi no-1943 aziphumelele eSoviet Army. Kodwa isimo sashintsha ngokuphawulekayo ngemuva kokunqotshwa isitha empini ye- Kursk Bulge (ngo-July-Agasti 1943). Ngemva kwalokho, amabutho ngaphansi kobuholi baseKonev enza imisebenzi eminingi ehlaselayo (i-Poltava-Kremenchug, i-Pyatikhatsky, iZnamenskaya, i-Kirovograd, iLviv-Sandomir), okwaholela ekuhlanzeni insimu enkulu yase-Ukraine kumaNazi. Ngo-January 1945, i-First Front Front ngaphansi komyalo kaKonev, kanye nabalingani bakhe, yaqala ukusebenza kweVislala-Oder, yakhululwa eKrakow nasenkampanini yokuhlushwa yase-Auschwitz evela kuma-fascists . Entwasahlobo ka-1945 amabutho omshayeli wafika eBerlin, futhi yena ngokwakhe wabamba iqhaza ekuhlaselweni kwakhe.

UGeorgy Zhukov

Umlawuli omkhulu kunazo zonke, izikhathi ezine uHero we-USSR, umnikazi wemiklomelo eminingi yezempi yangaphandle kanye neyangaphandle, uGeorgy Zhukov wayengumuntu ongokoqobo. Ebusheni bakhe wabamba iqhaza eMpini Yezwe Lokuqala kanye neMpi Yomphakathi, iMpi YaseKhalkhin-Gol. Ngesikhathi uHitler ehlasela insimu yeSoviet Union, uZhukov wamiswa ubuholi bezwe ngokuthunyelwa kwePhini likaPhini likaKhomishana wezokuVikela kanye noMphathi we-General Staff.

Ngesikhathi seMpi Enkulu yamaPatriotic wahola amabutho aseLeningrad, Reserve kanye neFirst Belarusian Fronts. Ujoyine empini eMoscow, e-Stalingrad naseKursk izimpi. Ngo-1943 uZhukov, kanye nabanye abaphathi beSoviet, benza ukuvinjelwa kweLeningrad. Ukuqondisa imisebenzi emisebenzini yaseZhytomyr-Berdichevskaya naseProskurovo-Chernivtsi, ngenxa yalokho ingxenye yamazwe ase-Ukraine akhululiwe kumaJalimane.

Ehlobo lika-1944 wahola umsebenzi omkhulu kunazo zonke emlandweni wesintu, i-Bagration, lapho i-Byelorussian, ingxenye yeBaltic neMpumalanga yePoland yaxoshwa amaHitler. Ekuqaleni kuka-1945, kanye noKonev baqondisa izenzo zamabutho aseSoviet ekukhululweni kweWarsaw. Entwasahlobo ka-1945, wabamba iqhaza ekuthunjweni eBerlin. EMoscow ngoJuni 24, 1945, i-Victory Parade yaqhutshwa, yaqhathaniswa nokunqotshwa kwe-fascist eJalimane ngamabutho aseSoviet. Ukwamukela kwakuphathwe uMarshal Georgy Zhukov.

Imiphumela

Encwadini eyodwa akunakwenzeka ukubala bonke abaholi abakhulu bezwe lethu. Ama-Flotovodtsy kanye nabalawuli baseRussia kusukela e-Ancient Rus kuya ezinsukwini zethu badlala indima ebalulekile emlandweni wezwe, bekhazimulisa ubuciko bezempi, ubuqhawe kanye nesibindi esinikezwe amandla abo.