Ukuhlukaniswa kwesifo sofuba sofuba

Kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-20, isifo sofuba sasibhekwa njengesifo esingelapheki. Umuntu obhekene nalesi sifo wayezobhujiswa. Esikhathini sethu, ngifuna ukuba nethemba lokuthi lesi sifo siphelile. Kodwa akunjalo. Kuyo yonke indawo emhlabeni jikelele mayelana nabantu abayizigidi eziyisishiyagalolunye banesifo sofuba, ikakhulu emazweni angathuthuki. Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili bafa ngalo.

Ukutheleleka, njengomthetho, ngamaconsi amancane, futhi lokhu kubangelwa amabhaktheriya ayingozi emoyeni.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwesifo sofuba kuncike efomeni layo, isithombe sesitholampilo, ukusabalalisa njalonjalo. Sizoxoxa ngale nkinga ngokuningiliziwe ngezansi.

Ukumiswa okutholwe eRussia

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezifo zesifo sofuba ngokwemvelo ngokuya ku-VA Koshechkin no-ZA Ivanova kusekelwe ezinkampanini ezilandelayo:

• Izici zomtholampilo zenqubo yesifo;
• Ukutholakala kwalo kanye nokusabalalisa;
• Isigaba sokugeleza;
• Izindlela zokuthuthukisa;
• Ukuba khona kwezicabha.

Iqukethe izingxenye ezine:

1. Amafomu omtholampilo.
2. Izinhlamvu zesimiso sesifo.
3. Izinkinga emva kokugula.
4. Izinguquko emzimbeni ngemva kokululama.

Lesi sigaba sisebenzisiwe eRussia kusukela ku-thirties.

Amafomu omtholampilo

Amafomu wokubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo ancike endaweni yesifo kanye nezibonakaliso zayo, ngokucabangela izici eziphilayo zezinqubo zesifo. Kuvunyelwe ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokudakwa kwezingane nesifo sofuba, isifo sofuba samalungu okuphefumula (amaphaphu, i-bronchi ye-trachea), i-lymph nodes, i-CNS nezinambuzane zobuchopho, amathumbu kanye ne-peritoneum, amajoyina namathambo, izitho zesistimu ye-genitourinary, isikhumba, amehlo nezinye izitho.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezifo zesifo sofuba kubandakanya izifo ezinjengesifo sofuba esisemqoka, esasakazwa, semali, futhi sigxile, singenayo, singenayo, sinomphefumulo we-pneumonia, i-pulmonary tuberculoma. Lokhu kubandakanya isifo sofuba, i-fibrous-cavernous, isifo sofuba nesifo sofuba, kanye ne-empyema. Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe kwabo bonke, ngoba banokubaluleka okukhethekile ku-phthisiology.

Isifo sofuba esiyinhloko

Lesi sifo senziwa lapho amabhaktheriya ethola abantu abathintekayo ngaphambilini, lapho ukusabela okuhle ku-tuberculin kubonakala khona okokuqala. Kulesi simo, ukutheleleka kungena emagqumeni amancane futhi kubangele ukuvuvukala kwabo. Lesi sifo singase singabonakali izimpawu noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, sibonise ukuvuvukala okukhulu emaphashini.

Ukushukela kwesifo sofuba

Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokubonakala kwenqwaba yezilonda emaphashini, okusebenza njengokuvuvukala okubangelwa yizinyunyana ezincane ze-lymphogenous.

Ukushukela kwesifo sofuba kuyinto enzima, engapheli futhi ejwayelekile. Iziguli eziningi ziba zibi nakakhulu, kodwa ingxenye encane yabantu ithola lesi sifo ngemuva kokudlula ukufiphaza.

Isifo sofuba

Ukuhlukaniswa kwesifo sofuba sesifo sofuba sichaza isifo sofuba njengesifo samaphaphu, okwenzeka okokuqala ngqangi ngokuthuthukiswa kwezinye izinhlobo zalesi sifo futhi kuboniswa ukuvuvukala okukhiqizayo kwesitho sokuphefumula. Isifo sesifo sofuba singase sibe esisha noma singapheli. Izimpawu lesi sifo singase singabonakali, ngakho-ke kuvame ukutholakala kuphela uma kwenziwa ukukhanya kwe-fluorography.

Isifo sofuba esithathelanayo

Lesi sifo sihlanganisa izinqubo ezimele ama-foci amaningana ngokuvuvukala, okudlulisela ku-lobe yamaphaphu nokuqhubeka.

Isifo sofuba esingenalutho singaba nxazonke, kufana nefu, i-broncho-lobular, futhi singabonakaliswa njenge-lobit (i-infiltrant enkulu ephethe ingxenye yonke). Ngokuvamile isifo sofuba esinjalo senziwa ngaphansi kwesinye sezifo, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kwesiguli nesifo se-sputum yesiguli.

I-pneumonia, i-caseous

Ukugula kubonakala ngokuba khona kwezindawo ze-necrotic emaphashini, okujwayele ukucabangela. Leli fomu lesifo sofuba yilo eliqhamuka kakhulu, ngoba linenkambo eqhubekela phambili ebukhali. I-lobar ne-lobular.

Lesi sifo siqala ngokuphawulekayo, isidalwa saso siba yizidakamizwa, i-sputum enesifo esiphuzayo ivela ngezingcola zegazi. Ukuthola ukwelashwa kunzima ezinsukwini zokuqala zokugula, ngoba ukusabela okungalungile ku-tuberculin kuyatholakala.

Tuberculoma

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo zesifo sofuba sesifo sofuba kuchaza ukuthi i-tuberculoma njengesifo esinesithombe esingenakuqhathaniswa nesimo esingapheli senkambo. Kungaba nokuzinza, ukuvuselela nokuqhubeka. Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokutholakala kweziqu ezincane noma i-foci eyodwa ezihlotsheni ezizungezile.

Isifo sofuba

Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokuba khona kwendawo yomoya ngaphandle kokuvuvukala ezindongeni nasezikhungwini zamaphaphu. Uma konke lokhu kuhambisana ne-fibrosis ebizwa nge-foci ehlukahlukene ye-seeding, isifo sofuba esinjalo sibizwa ngokuthi i-fibrous-cavernous. Le nqubo ayigugu.

Nikeza uhlobo olulinganiselwe nolusakazekile lwesifo. I-Cavernous tuberculosis yimbangela yokwelashwa kwezinye izinhlobo zesifo futhi ayifuni kahle.

Isifo sofuba esithathelwanayo

Lesi sifo sibonakala yi-fibrosis enkulu yamapayipi, lapho i-foci ephulukisiwe futhi ekhuthele khona, izikhukhula ziyabonakala. Ngesinye isikhathi, lesi sifo siba ngesimo sokuvuvukala kwamaphaphu kanye ne-bronchi. Isifo sofuba sesibindi sinomkhawulo futhi sisakaza. Lesi sifo sibangela ukwehluleka ukuphefumula kanye nezinqubo zokuvuvukala ohlelweni lokuphefumula. Kukhona iziqu ezithombeni ezihlangene zamaphaphu.

Pleurisy

Lesi sifo ukuvuvukala okukhulu kwe-pleura, enefomu elingapheli futhi ivela ezinkingeni zesifo sofuba. Kunamafomu anjalo:

• Pleurisy eyomile;
• Pleurisy exudative;
• Empyema.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwesifo sofuba sesifo sofuba kuchaza lesi sifo njengesifo sokuvuvukala esisakazela emgodini we-pleura, kubangele ukudakwa nokuqongelela emgodini we-fluid we-fluid.

Izinhlamvu zesimiso sesifo

Ukuhlelwa kwezinhlobo zemitholampilo zesifo sofuba ngokuhambisana nezici zenqubo yaso kuxhomeke ekubeni khona noma ukungabikho kwe-MBT (i-mycobacteria) emthonjeni wokutadisha othathwe esigulini. Lapha siyakucabangela kokubili isikhathi senqubo yesifo kanye nendawo yezindawo ezithintekile. Qaphela futhi nokuba khona kwezimpawu kanye nokwehla ezindaweni ezikhungethekile.

Izinkinga

Esikhundleni sezinkinga, okungabangela lesi sifo, amaphuzu alandelayo avela:

• Ukuchitha igazi;
• Ukukhipha igazi emaphashini;
• Ipneumothorax engazelelwe;
• Ukwakheka kwe-Fistula;
• I-Atelectasis;
• I-pulmonary, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kanye nenhliziyo;
• Ama-Amyloidosis nabanye.

Lezi zibonakaliso zingahambisana nalesi sifo kuzo zonke izigaba zokuthuthukiswa kwayo, konke kuxhomeke ekuzivikelweni kwesiguli.

Izinguquko emva kokugula

Ngemuva kokuphulukiswa kwesifo sofuba, izinguquko kwezinye izitho zingase zenzeke. Ngakho, kungabonakaliswa:

• Ukutholakala kokubalwa kwe-lymph nodes namaphaphu,
• I-cirrhosis,
• Izinguquko ezinamafutha, ama-dystrophic nezinye izinguquko ohlelweni lokuphefumula.

Futhi futhi nokuba khona kwezibazi ezithombeni ezihlukene, ukubalwa kwazo nokunye okunye.

Ukuhlukaniswa kweTurban - Gerhard

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ukuhlelwa kukaTurban-Gerhard, ngokusekelwe ekufundisweni kwe-TB yesifo sofuba, kwaqashelwa. Kubhekwa njengento elula futhi kubonisa ukuthi indima yokusabalala kwesifo isifo sokuthi isifo sofuba siphumelele.

Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi le mbono yahlaziywa futhi enye isigaba sofuba saqala ukusetshenziswa. U-Tubran noGerhard bakholelwa ukuthi okokuqala lesi sifo sithinta izingxenye ezingenhla zamapayipi (isigaba sokuqala sesifo), bese siya emaphakathini aphakathi (isigaba sesibili), bese sithinta isitho sonke (isigaba sesithathu).

Isigaba samanje sesifo sofuba

Esikhathini sethu, kuyisiko ukusebenzisa isiqephu samazwe omhlaba wesifo sofuba, esithuthukiswa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngokusho kwakhe, izinhlobo ezahlukene zesifo sofuba zikhonjiswa ngokuhlanganiswa kwekhodi eziqukethe izinhlamvu nezinombolo. Yamukelwa ngo-1973 futhi iqukethe izingxenye ezine (A, B, C, D).

Ukuhlelwa kwesifo sofuba kufana nokuhlukaniswa kwezifo zomhlaba jikelele, okuchazwe ngezinombolo. Isibonelo, ikhodi A15-A16 isho isifo sofuba lokuphefumula.

Kwamanye amazwe, ukuhlukaniswa kwesifo sofuba kuyasetshenziswa, lapho kutholakala khona izinhlobo ezilimazayo ezingenabhubhisa isifo sofuba. Ngesimo sokuqala, isendlalelo se-necrotic sikhula, esingadlulela emgqeni wamathanga wamaphaphu. Kukhona i-foci ye-pneumonia, izinguquko ku-bronchi. Ngakho, amafomu okubhubhisa ahlanganisa isifo sofuba, isifo sofuba nesifo sofuba.

Ngakho-ke, isifo sofuba namuhla yisifo esiyingozi kakhulu esasakazwa kumuntu onegciwane ngamaconsi. Lesi sifo sinamafomu amaningi kanye nezigaba. Kungaba yinkimbinkimbi noma ingabonakali futhi iholele ezinkingeni ezihlukahlukene ngisho nokufa.