Okokuqala Cavalry Army kulwiwa

Beka Okokuqala Cavalry Army emlandweni we iRed Army ekhethekile. Lokhu kumiswa, obabukhona e 1919-1921 GG., Ephethwe ukwenza impi nezimpi eziningana kulwiwa. Budyonny abakhwele amahhashi lokulwa e-Donbass, Ukraine, Don, Kuban, eCaucasus, ePoland nase-eCrimea. ESoviet Union Okokuqala Cavalry atholwe isimo ziyaphawuleka, esingazange sibe khona kunoma iyiphi enye ingxenye iRed Army.

ekudalweni

Famous Okokuqala Cavalry Army sidalwe ngoNovemba 1919. Isinqumo lasungulwa wathatha Revolutionary Military Council. Isiphakamiso elihambisana wenza Iosif uStalin. Ukwakheka ibutho lalinabashumayeli izigaba zezizwe ezintathu kanye 1st Cavalry Corps. Yena yayala nge Amalotha Budenny. It, nguyena oku holele ukwakheka entsha.

Ngobusuku obandulela lo mcimbi Budennogo amabutho matasa Kastornov esiteshini yesimanje eKursk esifundeni. Bawaxosha emuva amabutho Mamontov izikhumba. Phakathi ukulwa, ucingo kanye yocingo imigqa zalimala, yingakho Budyonny akazange zibone ukuthi uyilowo - induna Okokuqala Cavalry Army. On isinqumo salo olusemthethweni ukwaziswa Stary Oskol. Amalungu Revolutionary Military oPhethe ukwakheka entsha ukhethiwe futhi Voroshilov futhi Shchadenko. Eyokuqala isivele iqhaza enhlanganweni ye 10th iRed Army, wesibili engakaze abe nokuhlangenwe nakho in kwetinhlavu izingxenye ezincane.

kudivayisi

Ekuqaleni kuka-December 1919 weza Budyonny esizayo Marshal Egorov, uStalin, Voroshilov futhi Shchadenko. Ndawonye besayina oda №1. Ngakho Okokuqala Cavalry Army yadalwa. I-oda senziwe Velikomikhailovka. Namuhla kukhona Museum yisikhumbuzo Lokuqala Cavalry Army.

Ibutho okudalwe uye baphumelele kokuqala ezinsukwini zokuqala ukhona. Disemba 7 kokunqotshwa ahlupheka sikebhe ezimhlophe Konstantin Mamontov. Valuiki athathwa. Kube nephutha ujantshi kwalapho kubaluleke futhi kwakukhona izitimela nezinhlamvu nokudla. Kwathiwa ethumba zamahhashi amaningi futhi empahleni.

Empini ngenxa Valuiki ukuhlolwa ezinzima kakhulu elindelwe 4th Division. Against kwaba kanzulu esindayo umlilo armored izitimela. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, lo division eziqhutshwa kahle futsi alemukela Valuiki ezinhlangothini.

It ekuqaleni kuhlelwe ukuthi Cavalry kuyoba ukwahlukana ezinhlanu nalawo agibela amahhashi. Nokho, ngenxa yokuntuleka abantu ekuqaleni ifake ezintathu kuphela. Futhi, njengoba inzuzo ezimbili ukwahlukana elihamba futhi Sverdlov avtootryad kwanezelwa. Lalihlanganisa izimoto 15 ukukhwezwa ne izibhamu. Kube Stroeva isigaba (12 izindiza). Yayihloselwe ukuhlola futhi ukuqalisa uxhumano phakathi izingxenye impi. Ngu-Cavalry udumo 4 izitimela armored: ". Red abakhwele amahhashi" "Kommunar", "Business", "Ukufa Directory" futhi

Donbass

Lapho Valuiki athathwa Budyonny wathola oda amasha: ukuya umugqa Kupyansk --thymine. The Revolutionary Military Council wanquma ukuba alishaye igalelo main kanye amathrekhi ujantshi, kanye asizayo - bebheke Pokrovskoye. I okuhlaselayo kwenziwa awathatha ngokushesha, njengokungathi ubuholi Soviet wesabela ukuthi White ayesebuyela uyobhubhisa kubalulekile emnothweni kwemayini. Kuqinisa ezinqoleni, zezempilo, ukuthengisela isizinda. Disemba 16 iRed Army wangena Kupyansk.

Okokuqala Cavalry Army wadalwa ulwe c Dobrarmii amabutho, wenza komzamo ukuze bamashe baye eMoscow. Manje White lwahlehla futhi zibomvu, bathuthela eningizimu futhi eningizimu-ntshonalanga izinkomba, bezingelwa izitha samandla Soviet.

Ngo-December, ngaphambi umsebenzi Cavalry Army kwaba ukuwela umfula Seversky eDonets River endaweni Loskutovka - Nesvetevich. Naphezu ebusika, iqhwa kuso mina wawungenawo amandla ukuze athwale isisindo ala mabutho anamakhanda kanye wezikhali. Ngenxa yalokho, wayengakucabangi 2 izindlela lo mgoqo yemvelo: wasithatha ibhuloho siphelile noma ukwakha Ukunqamula akho. IWhite Guard umyalo wathumela ebhange enyakatho komfula amabutho Fresh. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, sekuseni ngo-December 17 iRevolutionary Military Council wakhipha umyalelo wokuba ukuphoqelela eDonets.

Okokuqala Cavalry Army kwaba ukugxila amabutho ayo armored, ukudonsa ngaphambili langemuva, ulungise nojantshi wesitimela, ubuyise nezinhlamvu. Ukusebenza lwenzelwe okusheshayo intuthuko. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-First Cavalry Army Budenny kakhulu ibanga kusuka angomakhelwane friendly regiments. Noma kunjalo, Seversky eDonets namanje waqhubeka ngomfutho. Kwathi ngo-December 23, 1919 ngesikhathi esifanayo sathathwa Lisichansk.

Ukuphela 1919

Disemba 25-26, baqhubeka ngezihluthu ohlangothini Popasnaya. Vela 12 th yabo Infantry Division, ukuze siqhubekele phambili ngosizo izitimela zempi. Isendleleni amankeyane amabutho 2nd Corps we Kuban. Disemba 26 Division waya umugqa Popasnaya - Dmitrievka. Ngosuku olulodwa 4 th Don Cavalry Corps waqhutshelwa phesheya Krinichnaya - Good. Ngawo-December 27 Cavalry Army umugqa yingcweti ngokugcwele Bakhmut - Popasnaya. White, Okwamanje, babelungiselela balwe phezu flank ngakwesokunxele.

Ukushiya ngemuva Seversky eDonets, Okokuqala Cavalry baqhubeka ukushushiswa aholwa Shkuro ojenene futhi Ulagai. Disemba 29 Debalcevo ezimhlophe kwesokunxele, futhi ngosuku olulandelayo - futhi Nikitovka laseGorlovka. regiments Empini ezinkulu eduze nedolobhana Alekseev-Leonovo bahlulwa beniyingxenye division Markov.

9th Infantry nele-11 Cavalry Division kwaqhubeka kuthuthuka kusuka laseGorlovka. January 1, 1920, athatha esiteshini futhi izilaleli zakhe Amvrosievka. Kulapha Circassian division ezimhlophe lahluleka kwasani. Izinsalela Its wabalekela eningizimu-mpumalanga futhi eningizimu-ntshonalanga. Esontweni eledlule ka 1919 izithunjwa ezimhlophe elahlekile abantu 5000 kwashona abantu abangu-3,000. Red Cavalry ethumba 170 izibhamu, 24 izibhamu, 10,000 amagobolondo, ayizinkulungwane 1.5 amahhashi kanye nezinye nezempi.

Ngo-January Donbass ngokuphelele kwaba ngaphansi kwamaBolshevik control. Lokhu kunqoba kwakubaluleke kwezomnotho nakwezombusazwe okukhulu nokusebenza futhi amasu. republic eSoviet esekwazi ukungena yesigaba sabasebenzi esifundeni ezinabantu abaningi, lapho imithombo ongashi nophethiloli. Cavalry ukuvulelwa indlela emfushane i kuhlaselwa Rostov futhi eTaganrog.

Rostov

In the new 1920 Okokuqala Cavalry Army wathatha ingxenye in a grand ingqikithi Novocherkassk Rostov-operation futhi ambalwa esishintshile zabo isiqondiso. Januwari 6 amabutho ayo matasa eTaganrog. Lapha eziqhutshwa olubanzi kwamaBolshevik ngomshoshaphansi.

Ngosuku lokuqala onyakeni omusha futhi Budyonny Shchadenko ukucacisa isimo waya engxenyeni eziphambili zezigaba. Voroshilov kwakubhekwa njengesenzo uchwepheshe Donbass, wahlala endlunkulu kwebutho Chistyakov (ebhala isikhalo Abasebenzi abo ke eDonets Basin). Ngo Kolpakovke Budyonny wahlangana uSemyon Timoshenko. Ngokushesha wakhe ingxenye wathutha e Matveyev Kurgan. Thina elwa mayelana Generalskoe Ibhuloho. Ebusuku Januwari 7 White wenza komzamo ukuba balwe.

January 8 Division Tymoshenko waqale wangena Rostov-on-Don. Street izimpi for emzini yayithatha izinsuku ezintathu. iphutha Big iWhite Guard Command kwanqunywa ukuba uqinise izikhundla zabo ukuzivikela emaphethelweni Rostov, kodwa musa ukunaka ukuvikela amadlelo kanye enkabeni yedolobha. Ukubukeka emigwaqweni ebomvu abagibele amahhashi sasingamashumi ngakho ezingalindelekile ukuthi nezitha amaBolshevik lodumo Christmas mass.

Januwari 10 ukuhlenga Tymoshenko weza 33rd Division Lewandowski futhi Rostov ekugcineni sekudlule ezandleni amaBolshevik. Phakathi kwakuliwa ekuthunjweni babengaba zinkulungwane 10 Abamhlophe. Njengoba izintambo ziyobe ziphethwe Red Army eziningi kwezibhamu, kodwa angamakhulu amabilit izibhamu nenye impahla yakhe.

Revolutionary Local Military Council uthumele umbiko okunqobayo ukuze Lenin kanye Revolutionary Military oPhethe Southern Front. Kwabikwa ayezithathele Rostov futhi Nakhichevan, nomhlophe zilahliwe ngoba Gniloaksayskuyu futhi Bataisk. Imizamo imvula uvinjelwe ukuphishekela okwengeziwe lesitha. Ngo aksay White wabhubhisa Ukunqamula Don, futhi Bataysk - ngokusebenzisa Koysug. Nokho, wakwazi ukulondoloza kwebhuloho bomvu ujantshi ngaphesheya komfula e Rostov. Umuzi waqokwa kumlawuli, umlawuli ikhanda, futhi kwakhiwa iKomiti Revolutionary.

Caucasus

Ngemva Okumhlophe kwesokunxele osebeni uDon eDonets Basin, ekulweni main sathuthela eduze eCaucasus, lapho, waya Okokuqala Cavalry Army. Phakathi Yombango, iziqephu ezifana redeployment futhi reassignment kwezinye izimpi babe abaningi. Ngesikhathi sokuqala ogibele Northern eCaucasus ekulweleni 8, 9, 10, futhi 11 Army. White futhi abomvu babelingana ngamandla efanayo, kodwa abamele White ukunyakaza kwadingeka abakhwele amahhashi ngaphezulu, okuyinto wabanika ithuba elihle yokunyakaza.

mashi wakhe wokuqala (ku Platovskaya) Budyonny waqala ngo-February 11. Indlela kwakunzima, njengoba ibhange kwesokunxele Sala kwaba ukungabakhathaleli nhlobo emigwaqweni. Izibhamu ezinqoleni ayethe njó isihlibhi. Izinqola wezikhali zaminza ungqimba imitha kweqhwa fresh. Kwakunzima futhi amahhashi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, Budyonny ithole zohlobo ayo, yayiphawuleka ngokuthambekela ikakhulukazi ukukhuthazela olungiselelwe izimo enzima yempi. Babe wahlanganyela yokuzalanisa ipulazi stud Yokuqala Cavalry Army, uwuvule nenkathi yamaSoviet.

Februwari 15 ihhashi elibomvu breech endaweni kwebhuloho awela ngisho Manych futhi baqala phambili Shablievku. IRed Army bayisebenzisa kahle le ebumnyameni wahamba Abamhlophe isikhundla, kubenze okubuhlungu ezingalindelekile. Shablievka sathathwa isiboshwa ithole bo khaba Battalion 1st Kuban amabutho uVladimir Kryzhanovsky.

Egorlyk

Kusukela Februwari 25 kuya ku-March 2, waya Egorlykskaya impi - kwekulu abakhwele amahhashi impi isinyathelo lonke kulwiwa. Okokuqala Cavalry Army wathatha asebenzayo nengxenye kulona. Budyonny amqoba amabutho Jikelele Kryzhanovsky futhi Aleksandra Pavlová. Inani abagibele amahhashi, ababa nesandla ku Ukungqubuzana, kwaba abantu abayizinkulungwane 25.

2nd Division Tymoshenko, ukufihla endaweni eziyize ngokukhethekile bavunyelwe ukuphatha ngokwakho kukholamu isitha, okwathi ngemva kwalokho Abamhlophe zambozwa esindayo ezingontuluntulu. Kube ukuhlaselwa eqinile. White udidekile futhi waqala ashona. Kwakuwusuku 4 th Don Corps.

Ngaphansi Jikelele Pavlov nezinye izingxenye. Ngokwakhe Captain umyalo 2nd Corps of the Don. Leli qembu bahlangana yaphenduka amaphikankani 20 Infantry Division (wathuthela Egorlyk Ephakathi). Kungazelelwe ezinhlwini Pavlovians elalibambeke 4th Cavalry Division Cavalry. Ngezenzo esetshenziswa wezikhali kanye izibhamu, kwakukhona ahlabayo ezinzima. Budyonny futhi Voroshilov wahola 1st Brigade nginqume isitha yokuphunyuka imizila kuya Ergolyku Ephakathi.

Ngo ukunqotshwa impi wahlupheka amandla ukhiye emhlophe - Cossack nalawo agibela amahhashi. Ngenxa yalokhu, yaqala ukuhoxa okwandile nezitha amandla Soviet. Umkhuzi Okokuqala Cavalry Army akazange behluleka ukusizakala yimpumelelo: uqhekeko olukhona okhonzile matasa laseStavropol futhi Chomutov. Nokho, ukuphishekela Eminye lesitha, ehlile. Uthinteka esibi entwasahlobo ncibilika.

Kuban

Mashi 13, 1920 kwaba ngo Egorlykskaya Budyonny wathola lesi siqondiso esisha iRevolutionary Military oPhethe Caucasian Front. Leli phephandaba equkethwe oda ukuwela umfula Kuban. Ngo-March 14, ihhashi abokuqala Ordzhonikidze (ilungu Front Military Council) kanye Tukhachevsky (phambili umlawuli).

Ngokushesha amasosha waya umkhankaso omusha. On osebeni Kuban labhujiswa izindlu Sultan Giray. Ayesebuyela ezimhlophe wabhubhisa iningi yokuwela. Kunalokho, lo pontoons entsha, balungisa amabhuloho ethintekile ezakhiwa. Ngu-March 19 Cavalry Okokuqala ewela i-Kuban.

Ngemva kwezinsuku ezintathu, Budyonny wafika Maikop. Lapha balinda ayizinkulungwane eziyisihlanu ibutho Shevtsova. Kwakumelwe-kwamaBolshevik-nomqondo zishoshovu, eyayihlanganisa Sea namaqembu Caucasian. Shevtsova squad wasiza ukusungulwa kwamandla zaseSoviet Tuapse futhi Sochi.

Maikop kwakubaluleke kusukela esemqoka umbono, edolobheni, njengoba kwakukhona amasimu eyigugu uwoyela. ngumqaphi walo eyingoduso ngqo Okokuqala Cavalry Army. Kulwiwa isivele senguquko. White emuva kuzo zonke izimpi. ukusebenza Maikop kwaba owokugcina Budyonny eCaucasus.

Poland

Entwasahlobo ka-1920 ibutho Okokuqala Cavalry Budyonny ilwa Poland (nemithombo yaleso sikhathi wasebenzisa igama elithi "phambi Polish"). Ngokuyisisekelo, yayiyingxenye ukushayisana jikelele endaweni yoMbuso wase-Russian isihlakazeka.

amabutho izinsuku 52 Budennogo lisuswe kusuka Maikop edolobheni Ukraine Uman. Sonke lesi sikhathi sigameko kwaqhubeka lapho ibutho UNR. Ngo May and June 1st Cavalry iqhaza ekuqhubeni Kiev iRed Army. Ezinsukwini ezimbili zokuqala okuhlaselayo, wakwazi ukunqoba we Ataman Kurovskiy.

lwaphuka phambi Polish ngoJuni 5. Amasosha amacilongo Yokuqala Cavalry Army wangena Zhytomyr. A indima ebalulekile kuleli impumelelo kudlalwa 4th Division, elaliholwa Dmitry Korotchaev. ikhanda Small Polish wahlulwa. eziningi amasosha iRed Army bakhululwa ekuthunjweni. Ngosuku elifanayo nabasePoland kwesokunxele Berdichev.

Ngalezo zinsuku ka Juni 1920, induna Okokuqala Cavalry Army of the iRed Army eyingoduso e ngokuyinhloko ukusungulwa ukulawula imigwaqo ebaluleke kakhulu nojantshi. It Budyonny waphula isixhumanisi phakathi kwezinhloko zamaviyo Polish, okwasiza nezinye amabutho aseSoviet matasa Kiev. Ekupheleni kuka June, mabutho wangena Novograd naseVolyn, futhi ngo-July 10 - e Rivne.

Ekupheleni kuka-July 1920 Budennys adluliselwe ngaphansi Lions. Lapha basuke ngaphansi Front Western (phambilini obuwaziwa ngo bona beniyingxenye Southwest phambili). Agasti 16 iye ngomfutho eWestern Bug. Izinsuku lokulwa olunegazi ngenxa Lions. Ngokumelene iRed Army eziqhutshwa izindiza nezitimela zempi. Imicimbi eduze eLvov zawa inoveli "kanjani Steel Ingabe Omnene", ebhalwe Nikolaem Ostrovskim.

Red Cavalry wayengazange matasa edolobheni. Wayala Tukhachevskogo intuthuko Lublin, walishiya eLvov ndawo. Ezinsukwini zokugcina kuyofika ka Agasti ziye onilwelayo Zamosc. Lapha induna Okokuqala Cavalry Army in the Yombango Budyonny akakwazanga ukuphula ukumelana we nabasePoland nase izikhulumi ohlangothini kwabo base-Ukraine we UNR Army.

eCrimea

Ngo-September 1920, Red Cavalry kwaba ngezihluthu eningizimu, lapho ngezihluthu saqhubeka simelene Abamhlophe elawulwa eCrimea ka Wrangel. Kulandelwe operation Novemba Perekop-Chongarsky aholwa Mihaila Frunze yaphela umsebenzi nhlonhlo abomvu.

Kula mabutho wenza umnikelo omkhulu ekunqobeni iRed Army zempi eduze Kakhovka bridgehead. Budyonny isinyathelo kanye Okwesibili Cavalry Army, elaliholwa Philip Mironov.

I last izimpi edumile kumiswa zingezikaJehova nobusika 1920-1921. Umkhuzi Okokuqala Cavalry Army waphinda wahola amabutho akhe waya e-Ukraine, lapho iziphathimandla zaseSoviet aqhubeka ulwa Makhno. Lokhu kwalandelwa odluliselwa North eCaucasus, lapho ibutho labavukeli wahlulwa Mihaila Przhevalskogo. Disbandment Yokuqala Cavalry Army senzeka ngoMeyi 1921. endlunkulu yayo waqhubeka esebenza kwaze kwaba yilapho kuwa 1923-th.

Intuthuko Cavalry eRussia zazibangelwa rearrangements okusheshayo elawula eguquguqukayo kanye lokuhlushwa izinsiza esiphakeme futhi amandla esiqondisweni kuhlasela main. Red abakhwele amahhashi sithandwa okungazelelwe kuhlasela nesidingo esicacile nokuxhumana ezahlukene zokwakheka kanye amayunithi abo.

Iosif Stalin, ikhanda esizayo likahulumeni waseSoviet, khona zokuhlonipha iRed Army in the Cavalry Okokuqala (isihloko esifanayo kwaba Marshal Egorov). Ngemva kulwiwa, litholakala isimo uphawu ebalulekile kule mpi nezitha amaBolshevik. Budyonny wayephakathi kwabokuqala ka semashi ezinhlanu Soviet. Libuye ezintathu izikhathi ukhishwa isihloko Hero zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.

Namuhla kule Rostov esifundeni Zernogradsky District usebenza epulazini stud Yokuqala Cavalry Army. E Lviv efakwe Budennys lesikhumbuzo. Streets Cavalry Have Stary Oskol, Simferopol futhi Rostov-on-Don. umfanekiso wakhe wobuciko is leqoqo Isaaka Babelya tindzaba letimfisha eyaziwa, amafilimu Yefim Dzigan, uGeorge uVladimir Berezko Lyubomudrova.