Battleship Gangut: incazelo, umlando, izinduna kanye namaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Battleship "Hanko" kanye 3 imikhumbi kulolu chungechunge sabekwa phezu 16.06.1909 Admiralty Shipyard. Lokhu kwaba ukuqala imvuselelo yemikhumbi yaseRussia. Ukwethulwa owawuse 24.09.1911, yokuqedela yakhe eyathatha iminyaka engu-2. Ngo-1913, yena kulolo vivinyo, ukwamukelwa, futhi ngo-December 1914 bajoyine 1st Brigade ka yempi ka aseBaltic Fleet.

ukwakhiwa INGEMUVA lwemikhumbi entsha

I izimfanelo ukwakhiwa yempi ezine oLwandle iBaltic, kuhlanganise yempi "Hanko," kwaba ukunqotshwa okuphelele koMbuso Wase-Russian eMpini Russian-Japanese ka 1905. Usizi lokukhulelwa Tsushima ningabeki isikhubekiso phambi uNicholas II no-Government of the Empire isiRashiya, imisebenzi emibili ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kwakudingeka ukuba ziqondiswe ngokuphuthuma:

• backwardness Okugcwele yemikhumbi Russian uma siqhathanisa nabanye uthi zama-Capitalist.
• Ingabe Ohulumeni Banalo Lonke ukulawula lokungafani uhlelo izidingo kanye nezinhloso ze-loMkhonto weSizwe ukuqeqeshwa eyayidingeka ukuze sixazulule inkinga wokwakha kumiswa ngoxhaxha.

Iqiniso ukuthi inhloko yawo amabutho asolwandle of the Empire, Russian awazange wazibonela Admirals abajwayele izidingo ngokucindezela yemikhumbi akuyona amahlebezi, strategist singakazalwa nakuzalwa futhi tacticians, futhi u-Admiral-Jikelele, ubani lo mbusi esimisiwe ilungu asebukhosini. Umsizi umphathi-jikelele we-Admiral kwaba uMnyango asolwandle.

Zonke izinqumo ezibalulekile futhi oda we Navy wazinikela kombusi, ngubani kuncane okwaziwayo ngaso kwezempi ngaphambili, ikakhulukazi olwandle. Isimo enkulu kwakungeyona imfundiso yezempi, futhi lokho aqukethe nekutfutfukiswa kwetinhlelo umkhumbi wokwakha kanye ezibekiweko lobuchwepheshe ukuze kwakhiwe imikhumbi kanye nemishini asolwandle.

It wehla yokuthi Russia azange abe izinkantolo hhayi kuphela ukuya olwandle - cishe lutho ukuvikela emngceleni.

uhlelo shipbuilding

izinhlelo ezimbili ezincane zenzelwe, owawuthi ngesikhathi esifushane eyakwakhelwa aseBaltic kanye Black Sea mabutho kwezimoto ezintsha. kwaba ukwakha umkhumbi 4 kuyadingeka ukuze oLwandle iBaltic, kuhlanganise yempi "Hanko", 3 ngwenya bese umkhumbi umama yenkonzo yawo.

Ukuze Black Sea imikhumbi kwadingeka ukwakha 14 abachithi futhi ngwenya ezintathu. Turkey, bebona isimo oLwandle Olumnyama, enquma ngokushesha ukuthenga 3 yempi entsha e-England ne-Brazil. Ngakho-ke, kwenziwa izinguquko ngokushesha futhi ihlela ukwakhela ezintathu uhlobo ezifanayo umkhumbi "iNdlovukazi uMaria", 9 abachithi futhi "Libhala" uhlobo 6 ngwenya.

Ngu kweMpi Yezwe I, 1914, akekho noyedwa izinhlelo ungazange eve, ngaphezu kwalokho, hhayi umkhumbi owodwa asiyivulanga.

imikhumbi Series, kuhlanganise yempi "Hanko"

Zonke dreadnoughts ezine aseBaltic Fleet Series "Hanko" babekwa phansi ngosuku olulodwa, 6/16/1909, ngesikhathi Admiralty Shipyard. ukwakhiwa yabo kwenziwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa onjiniyela Russian abanolwazi. I abahlinzeki main babe amabhizinisi Russian. Zempi wayenaye Izhora, wezikhali - ne Obukhov, wezikhali umbhoshongo - ne Putilovsky namafektri metal.

Ngo-September, umkhankaso we-, kodwa intuthuko futhi kwaqedwa yempi ilibele. Ubangela: izitshalo Russian kwadingeka ukuba ziveze ubuchwepheshe obusha ngawo babhekana nobunzima; amafemu angaphandle, okuyinto zafakwa oda imishini lwemikhumbi iphazamiseke ngamabomu futhi imisiwe ukudiliva. Waba yini umphumela wesibindi esidabukisayo. Subquality imikhumbi bathunywa ngo-December 1914, futhi iningi impi wema imigwaqo, ngaphandle kokudubula shot olulodwa.

incazelo imikhumbi

Projects yempi, eqinisweni, Kuye kwanikezwa kuqale zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili, kodwa yayingakaze isikhathi noma izindlela ukuyibhubhisa engqondweni. It engakaze ihlolwe ngaphambi ukulethwa imikhumbi, esizokwenza ukuze alungise amaphutha. Sebevele eyenziwa amatilosi, lapho lutho kungaba lesifanele. Imiphumela ledvumatako ngokwezinga ukuthi ngokushesha labizwa ngokuthi imfihlo, futhi imikhumbi empini wema imigwaqo.

Ukuze idatha dreadnoughts ukuthi elinesimo ngalé elula: emphemeni ongaphezulu kwadingeka emgceni locondzile, imibhoshongo ezine the Civil Code yayiseKhesariya ezingeni elifanayo, choppers ezimbili futhi amapayipi amabili. Wonke umzimba uhlukaniswe nantathu linezingxenye transverse bulkheads amanzi angangeni. Three emphemeni zempi. Tower ibhethri main setha equidistantly isihlobo komunye nomunye.

Engxenyeni maphakathi umkhumbi wawususukile ukufakwa kubhayela futhi injini. izakhiwo zokuhlala amaqembu zitholakala emnsalweni. Ngo ezingemuva - behlaliswe kumakhabheni yila maphoyisa, kumphambukisa gear, amandla, igumbi umsakazo.

Izici eziyinhloko "Hanko" yempi babe ukwakheka kanye ukuthunyelwa wezikhali. Lapha, olwenziwa ukwenze Obukhov isitshalo, edala umuntu omusha isibhamu 52 osezingeni nemizamo metal ifektri trohorudiynaya esungulwe ukufakwa umbhoshongo. Nambili 305 mm okusheshayo-izibhamu, ububanzi kukhona endaweni ephakeme emincane 25 degrees mkhulu kunezinhliziyo 23 km.

ukufakwa Tower kwadingeka isisindo amathani 773 futhi ayenendawo ukupholisa bafudumale. Ngaphansi Tower iyona isitoreji nezinhlamvu. Two-isibhamu plutongi sebehlanganisa 120-milimitha okwami izibhamu. Kokudubula main futhi ubukhulu mayini elawulwa usebenzisa Heusler uhlelo 2 kanye rangefinders optical.

Ngebuhle nebubi

Inzuzo enkulu yempi "Hanko" kwaba ngokungangabazeki wezikhali, okuyinto ngezindlela eziningi njengoba kuphakeme kakhulu angaphandle analogue. Lapha elingenakuphikwa sokunconywa abathuthukisi kanye executors izitshalo ezimbili Russian - Obukhov nensimbi.

Kukho konke, it waqinisekisa iqiniso elula - ukungakwazi ukuvumelanisa ezingahlangani, ngaphandle umhlatshelo lutho. Kumayelana ngokuhlanganisa izikhali ezinamandla, udibi kuyo, okusezingeni eliphezulu isivinini running, ezinkulu Cruising ibanga. Konke ndawonye kwakungenakwenzeka sikhathi. Kwakudingekile ukuba anikele ngale into zokusondelana elamukelekile. Lokhu kwenziwa ngezithukuthuku zempi okunomsoco nezimo zokuphila izisebenzi. Okubi wahlala amatilosi Japanese kuphela.

Enye kusimo kubalulekile ukuba sidlule siye sabonisa seakeeping aphansi kakhulu. Kwakunzima ukuthatha ebhodini uphethiloli awanele ngenxa waqhuma, kwaba yinhlekelele. Ube eseqinisekisa yokuhamba wasolwandle ngo-1929.

ubutha

Noma kunjalo, yempi "Hanko" nengxenye ekulweni ka kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Ngo-November 1915 i-Cruisers we 1st Brigade, ezicashe yempi "Petropavlovsk" futhi "Hanko" endaweni engenabantu kulesi siqhingi Gotland kwakumelwe akwazi ukumelana namandla ikwazi ukubekezela imizuzu engaphezu kuka-550.

Ngo-1918, ushintsho lwenziwe yempi kusukela Helsingfors ukuze Kronstadt. Ngemva kabusha 1925, uqambe "Okthoba Revolution". Uthatha iqhaza ngesikhathi seMpi YeRussia Finnish. Phakathi Patriotic Omkhulu bavikela Leningrad. Lokhu wempi, okuyinto, naphezu kokungapheleli kwaso, sibonga amatilosi Russian nawaseSoviet nezikhulu owadlula indlela ekhazimulayo.

Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-service, imikhumbi ye-Russia, bese 47 - eSoviet Union, washintsha eziningi izinduna yempi "Hanko". Ngokwengxenye enkulu, kungcono izikhulu enhle, wakhulela emasikweni imikhumbi yaseRussia. Ukuze inkonzo, ngo-1944, yempi ukhishwa Order of Red Banner.

Battleship "Hanko" (1890): umlando ekudalweni

Battleship "Hanko" - akulona umkhumbi kuphela Russian Navy elinegama elifanayo. 4. Kube ziye zabizwa ngokuthi umkhumbi lelo gama elikhazimulayo isibe isiko. umkhumbi ngamunye has lizenzele umhlahlandlela walo futhi injongo, kodwa izibopho zabo ndawonye igama ezivamile futhi sokusebenzisana kuya ekhazimulayo Russian Navy. Igama umkhumbi kunikezwa yokudumisa Cape of Hanko, etholakala eduze nhlonhlo of Hanko, Finland, lapho kufezeke ukunqoba lokuqala imikhumbi Russian phezu Swedish.

Armadillo "Hanko '(1890) kwaba isitsha sesithathu elinegama elifanayo. Yakhiwa njengengxenye uhlelo engu-20 shipbuilding. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, umklamo yempi kwakukuhle ngempela yini, futhi izinga ukwakhiwa kwaba mpofu, okwaholela ekugcineni kuya ekubhujisweni umkhumbi. ethile Its main - okusezingeni eliphezulu sindisa, Nokho, okuyinto, waba inhlekelele hhayi kuphela Russian shipbuilding umkhakha. Lokhu kuyinkinga ihlangabezane nakwamanye amazwe.

Battleship Russian Imperial Fleet "Hanko" yasungulwa ngo Petersburg ngesikhathi Shipyard Admiralty ngo-1888. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva wayesekwazi wenza ukwehla ukuze amanzi. Njengoba yaqedwa ngo-1894. Phakathi nomsebenzi bamngenisa overload we amathani 600, okwaholela ukwanda imali kanye ukwehla isivinini.

Ukufa yempi "Hanko"

Nale umkhumbi iphutha indaba cishe ezingaqondakali, okwaholela ekufeni kwakhe. In autumn 1896 yempi rammed phansi umkhumbi wabhajwa esihlabathini edwaleni ukuthi cishe kwaholela nasekufeni kwakhe. Wathola aye Kronstadt, lapho wafakwa enkantolo ukuze kulungiswe, okuyinto wahamba ngaphansi kokuqondisa edume Admiral Makarov SO Ngo-June 1897 kokuba yingxenye umzimba Tactical, ebuya okuyisona ku nekhampasi idwala kwamanzi.

Amahora ayisithupha crew heroically wawalwela ukuphila ngaphandle komkhumbi. Kodwa konke lokho akusizi. Londoloza umkhumbi ayikwazanga Ngenxa yokwephulwa yobunzima ngodonga ukuthi bavunyelwa ngesikhathi kwakhiwa. Waya phansi futhi namanje sise a ka Vyborg Bay ukujula. Izisebenzi wayengeyena umuntu oyedwa washona. UCaptain Tichotsky KM Ngizibonele ihlolwe wonke amagumbi etholakalayo ye emkhunjini ocwilayo, futhi kuphela emva kokuba futhi wakholelwa ukuthi wonke bophulwe, bamshiya.

Umshicileli "Hanko". Wokulandisa Series "Midel Uhlaka"

Ihamba, ufana nabantu, yiba ikusasa labo siqu. Kwezinye kuba impilo ende egcwele ngokunqoba nenkazimulo. Okwesibili - esizikhandlayo, awugcina benza umsebenzi wabo. Kanti abanye - labo abe nokuphila isikhathi esifushane kodwa elikhanyayo. Kulabo abathanda emlandweni ngoxhaxha, imikhumbi, isiphetho sabo futhi ikakhulukazi ukushicilela "Hanko" ukhiqiza uchungechunge zincwadi ziphakathi kokulandisa okuvelele enesihloko esithi "Midel Uhlaka", umagazini ngamunye ozinikezele eyodwa noma uchungechunge imidwebo lwemikhumbi nge isicelo sekulingisa. Kubandakanya ukukhululwa iye okulungiselelwe ukushicilela indlu "Hanko" - "Uhlaka Midel", "Battleship" iNdlovu- kazi uMaria "- imidwebo".

Battlecruiser "Hanko", ngokungafani yempi "iNdlovu- kazi uMaria" - kuyinto sobudala, zinyanga ezimpini ezimbili zezwe. Uma ucabangela ukuphila kwayo ezithakazelisayo, ngabantu abaye baletha udumo umkhumbi, indlu ukushicilela "Hanko" ochungechungeni zincwadi ziphakathi kokulandisa okuvelele "Midel Uhlaka" Ikamelo elalinikezelwe yempi "Hanko". Imidwebo kuzosiza ochwepheshe ukwenza imodeli nokufunda ukwaziswa okuthakazelisayo mayelana isitsha kanye nezimpilo zabantu engibathandayo umkhumbi wawususukile ekhaya kanye nesibopho esiteshini. Yakha umkhumbi ngezandla zabo - yini kube mnandi? Imodeli we yempi "Hanko" ku Esikalini kusukela ku 1: 350.

isiphetho

Umlando izimoto Russian ugcwele amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo. Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi lapho kufa yempi "Hanko" - kahle, ukuthi kungaba ezithakazelisayo? Hhayi hero ngokuthi "Varyag" wabulawa belwa isitha. Kodwa lokhu akulona icala. Kuyinto Kuyadanisa, futhi, njengokungathi nehlelwa kungase kuzwakale ekungabazeni izisusa zabanye, lokhu izifundo, izimfuneko kwaqinisa lwemikhumbi unsinkable ikhishelwe. Isiphakamiso Admiral Makarov SO, bulkheads amanzi angangeni manje ihlolwa ngendlela entsha, okuyinto wasindisa ukuphila amatilosi phakathi kwezimoto. A feat induna 1 isikhundla Tichotsky KM nethimba lakhe, ukuthi 6 amahora, kuhlanganise ebusuku ngekhandlela, babenza konke okusemandleni ukuze lisindise umkhumbi, okufanelekelayo ukuba sibakhulekele.