Ugwadule okungenamusa eChile, Atacama

Befuna adventure kanye nakho ezintsha, izivakashi ukukhuphuka ngisho ezisemagumbini kude kakhulu kuyiplanethi yethu, lapho walondoloza imvelo eseyintombi ubunikazi bendawo. Omunye izindawo ezinjalo - eChile. I-South America republic esisogwini ibalazwe ngumuntu sezwe esigudle phakathi Andes ngokubabazekayo futhi ePacific Ocean.

namathafa abahlukile futhi enhle ukuheha kulezi zindawo Ifana nozibuthe. It has konke ngisho ehlane. Chile idume ngokuyinhloko Atacama - endaweni driest emhlabeni.

Indawo nesimo sezulu

Famous ehlane South America eqhubeka indawo 105 sq. M. km eduze ogwini olusenyakatho-mpumalanga yezwe. Kuze kube ngo-1983 yayingaphansi insimu yaseBolivia. sezulu eyomile kule ndawo lihlotshaniswa izici eziningi impumuzo kanye nendawo. Ngakho, kwamanzi abandayo zamanje ze-Peruvian the Pacific Ocean, lwaluyophola izingqimba engezansi emoyeni, kudala kombhala lokushisa, okuyinto isithiyo kwezulu. Lokhu ehlane eChile - the driest emhlabeni (imvula yonyaka angaphansi kuka-10 mm imvula). Nokho, izinga lokushisa kuwo, kuphambene konke lwemibono kweziningi zalezi zindawo, hhayi kakhulu. Ngakho, ngo-January - isilinganiso mayelana 19-20 ° C, futhi ngo-July - 13-14 ° C. Ebusika, kukhona fogs njalo kwezinye izindawo.

Kakhulu ehlane eyomile

EChile, ososayensi ezivela emhlabeni wonke ziza njalo ngonyaka. Basuke eqhathaniswa Mars ehlane namathafa. Atacama ngokuphelele elibanzi ukunikeza epithet "kakhulu." Izikhangibavakashi ezindaweni ezithile lapho kukhona ezifakwa njalo ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, kanti ezinye iziteshi sezulu elise lapho, futhi abazange zilotshelwe idatha imvula. Ngokokunye ukulinganisela, esikhathini kusuka 1570 kuya 1971, kwezulu it is hhayi waphawula. Atacama ngaphambi yayo ohlukile nezinye ezingwadule. EChile, sibonga wakhe ethola ukugeleza engaguquki zezivakashi minyaka yonke.

On endaweni ehlane eqoshiwe nomswakama ongaphakeme, noma kunalokho ukungezwakali kwawo - 0%. Izintaba + eziphakeme nhlobo izinguzunga zeqhwa, nakuba kukhona eyiqhwa. Ngokusho ucwaningo ososayensi kusukela UK, umbhede Atacama emifuleni iminyaka engaphezu kuka-120 eyinkulungwane wawusomile.

amaminerali

Cishe ogwadule olungenalutho amumethe amaminerali, nangethusi ethile futhi umthombo engokwemvelo sodium nitrate (Chile saltpetre). Salt izimayini kakhulu ngenkuthalo kwenziwe kuze 40-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule futhi namanje isikhubekiso phakathi Chile neBolivia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ezifakwa iodine, borax kanye sodium nosawoti.

ehlane Flora

Kuyamangalisa kodwa kuyiqiniso: ugwadule olukhulu kunazo zonke yeChile futhi eyomile kakhulu emhlabeni usenayo izimila kwaphela. Izitshalo zinokuphila okunempilo kulezi zingxenye ngokuqinile kungagcini isikhathi ifreyimu futhi engazinzile, kuba evumayo kakhulu izitshalo ngesikhathi imvula, ngokuvamile kuvumelana lo mkhuba El Nino - Temperature ukuguquguquka ungqimba kwamanzi Pacific Ocean ngokwengxenye yayo enkabazwe. I Atacama Climate entwasahlobo ewela ekwindla ikhalenda (September-November), ngalesi sikhathi kusenabantu imvula iyindlala, futhi iqala emfushane kodwa ngokushesha kakhulu futhi acacile eziqhakazayo eziyizigaxa kanye namakhambi ukuthi bayakwazi ukugcina umswakama isikhathi eside. Kuyamangalisa enhle mkhuba esankondlo ngokuthi "ukuqhakaza ehlane" ezaziwayo. Flora imelelwa ezingaphezu kuka-200 zezitshalo, iningi lazo ongeke ukwazi sendawo futhi akatholakalanga ikuphi emhlabeni.

Mano del Desierto

Chile - ezweni umnandi kakhulu kusukela iphuzu izivakashi umbono. Eqhubekela phambili uhambo kuleli zwe elikude, ungakwazi ukubala ngokuphepha eziningi nakho ezinhle kuphela ku imvelo, kodwa futhi isiko. Ngokwesibonelo, e Atacama, ayi-400 kuphela ukusuka emgwaqweni omkhulu, kuyinto ezithakazelisayo ebaziwe usimende luhlaka steel. Kuyinto ezinde izingxenye ezintathu kwezine le kobuso bomhlaba kwesokunxele lingangesandla somuntu. Ngokwe abalobi Mario Irarrasabalya kubonisa kwabantu nokungabi nabulungisa, isizungu, nobuhlungu nosizi. Ukuphakama Ukwakheka - 11 amamitha. Lena akuyona nje ithandwa kakhulu yizivakashi ezibuka, kodwa futhi into ezavela amavidiyo omculo amaningi izimakethe.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

• Abantu bakule ndawo baye bazivumelanisa nesimo sezulu esibi ehlane ubuthe lezi demisters ekhethekile emazweni ezomile amanzi. Zimelela amasilinda okusezingeni eliphezulu, okuyinto ifingqa ezindongeni umswakama ithela kulo emgqonyeni. Ebusuku ukwazi efana ukuqoqa 18 amalitha amanzi.

• Ngo-November 2015 ehlane eyomile kakhulu Chile futhi izwe liye laphenduka okukhazimulayo ukuqhakaza isiziba. Ngokusho ososayensi, lo mkhuba lokhu ezidlula livelile okokuqala eminyakeni 50. Lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa El Niño mkhuba, idume ngomtapo amandla yemikhuba yayo ebulalayo, kodwa ngalesi sikhathi iphrezethe ubuhle obunjalo. Iziphathimandla laseChile ziye zaphawula ukuthi ukugeleza izivakashi kule ndaba, kwenyuke ngo-40%.

• Ugwadule Chile kukhona indawo ongaqondakali futhi kancane ezingaqondakali. Ubufakazi kuyinto yokuthola isimanga Atacama. Ngo-2003 edolobheni elincane lama La Noria satholakala mummy somuntu. Lalibizwa ngokuthi "Atacama skeleton." Wathola mummy (ngenhla) inezici ezithile ukuthi ayisihloko evuthayo mpikiswano ososayensi kanye ufologists. Kuyinto encane (15 cm ubude), ayinayo 12 namabhuzu imiphetho (inombolo ejwayelekile womuntu), kanye 9 nke kakhulu futhi side Yekhanda. Cishe mummy ngonyaka wafunda Stanford University, e-USA. Ngokusho DNA mummy simele kuguquka ezingavamile ne ukukhula lwamathambo. Kukhona izinguqulo eziningana yomsuka wawo, kodwa bonke ososayensi abavumelana entweni eyodwa - akusiwona umfokazi hhayi lokukhohlisa.