Marshal AI Egorov:. Biography, umlando, izithombe

Alexander Yegorov wazalwa ngo-October 25, 1883 edolobheni elincane Buzuluk. Yena wayengomncane kunabo bonke, ingane wesine umkhaya ovamile. Azikho izimpawu ukuthi umfana wenza umsebenzi emangalisayo ezweni ehluke ngokuphelele uyoba Marshal iRed Army. Nokho-ke kwenzeka.

kumiswa

Ikusasa Marshal Egorov kusuka ebuntwaneni ngiphuphe career lempi (eqinisweni, uyise owayeyisiphathimandla). Ngo-1902, insizwa ethile wangena Kazan elihamba ubusosha esikoleni. Isifundo wanikwa le nsizwa kalula. Isimiso sasihlanganisa izibalo, isiRashiya, i-chemistry, i-physics, emthethweni kaNkulunkulu, ukudweba, olunye ulimi (French wakhetha Egorov). Kwakukhona izihloko ekhethekile yezempi: .. Amaqhinga jikelele, ngempi nomlando, nesimo sendawo, abaphathi lempi, wezikhali, workshop eziningi, njll Junkers workshop ngafunda izingalo.

Soviet Marshal Egorov kwaba umsebenzi isosha ovelele esikoleni wasebukhosini. Eminyakeni ukuqeqeshwa kwakhe ngesikhathi Kazan School imicimbi olukhulu lwenzeka: War Russian-Japanese futhi inguquko yokuqala, lwaqala ngemva ngeSonto Bloody Petersburg. ukuvutshelwa Yangaphakathi of the Empire, ayikwazanga kuthinte isimo amasosha. School lahlukaniswa laba amaqembu amabili: monarchists nokuphikiswa. Iya mug zokugcina uhlanganiswe Ngokuzayo Marshal Egorov. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi lapho kuphawulwe ibhuku ngempilo yakhe ukuthi njengoba 1904, wabelane imibono ye-Socialist-mbuso.

IMpi Yezwe Yokuqala

Isifundo Yegorov yaphela ngo-Ephreli 1905 uma wakhushulelwa uLieutenant futhi ahamba ayokhonza e-13th Life Grenadier Regiment Erivan. umsebenzi phoyisa into ihamba kahle. Yiqiniso wayo ibheke phansi ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Ngo elisezingeni likakaputeni esizayo Marshal Egorov yena ayebhapathizwa yayo lomlilo impi Galician eNingizimu-Western Front. Esigamekweni sokuqala nge iqhaza lakhe owawuse Agasti 13, 1914 empini Bousquet. lokulwa insabule laphela nokuxoshwa umlomo ezimbili wesitha.

Ngokungafani nezinye izikhulu eziningi, Egorov wazama unakekele amasosha akhe. Akazange uthanda ubuqhawe ithemba futhi ezingasekelwe ndawo, umphumela kuphela okungase abe ukufa engenamsebenzi. Ngoba kufike umuntu mumbe, kuphela onyakeni wokuqala yenduna impi wathola imiklomelo emine. Kamuva kwangena abanye: Order of St Stanislaus 2 nd degree, kanye zokuhlonipha izingalo St George sika.

Kodwa kwakukhona abanye "imiklomelo", okuyinto waklonyeliswa Ngokuzayo Marshal Egorov. Biography ezempi zaziyoba ahlale akuphelele ngaphandle Ukhulumé kulimale nabantu abaningi. Ngo-August 1914, emasontweni amabili ngemva kokugqashuka nempi ndawo Logivitsa isikhulu wathola inhlamvu sokuzingela wafika shin. Le ndoda elimele uphumile esibhedlela ekuseni. Ngo-April 1915, eduze nedolobhana Zarinis egorova concussions ezinzima projectile ukuqhuma. Ngaleso sikhathi, ayizange ihlale esibhedlela. Lokhu kwalandelwa concussions ezimbili. Isikhulu equlekile waxoshelwa ezingemuva. Usalokhu wabuyela front line, naphezu izinyonga elivelayo.

Ngo-May 1916 Egorov wenza induna okokuqala phakathi nempi ithunyelwa labaqaphi elingemuva. Abasisiwe baba induna 4th Battalion, kanye 196th Infantry Reserve Regiment, elise Tver.

Ukubhekelela ukwanda kokukhiqizwa

Ekupheleni 1916 kulandele i-aphoyintimenti entsha. Egorov wayala le-132 elihamba ibutho Bendersky, kuthatha isikhundla kwi Western Dvina. Ngaleso sikhathi, u-Alexander Ilyich - kakade sombutho wezempi. Kulo msebenzi wahlangana Februwari revolution. Front ikakhulukazi ebucayi ukuze izindaba kusukela ngaphambili ekhaya. Army bakhathala yokulwa ezichitha igazi empini isikhathi eside futhi kuyize.

amasosha amaningi nezikhulu abanethemba nofunda ezombusazwe, silindele ukuthi uhulumeni omusha uyokwenziwa ngokushesha kungaholela lizwe ekuthuleni. Mina yayiphumula futhi ongakabi kwenzeka, Marshal Egorov. umlawuli wamabutho (emva Februwari Revolution) wajoyina ngokusemthethweni Socialist-mbuso. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kuyi-nenkathi yamaSoviet, Georgy Zhukov , encwadini ayibhalela Voroshilov ukukhunjulwa njengombulali, ekwindla ka-1917 u-Aleksandr Egorov waphumela obala uVladimir Lenin owenza futhi ngiyinhloli German.

Ukuya esikhathini iRed Army

Nge le eza emandleni amaBolshevik izwe phezu onqenqemeni kwempi yombango. Ngo-December 1917 Egorov efika e Petrograd ngahlanganyela iRed Army. Njengoba isikhulu abanolwazi, wasebenza ikhomishini demobilization kanye ukwamukelwa of abasebenzi abasha. Ngalesi umsebenzi esiteji Egorov kwaba ngakwesokunene inhloko yabangamashumi emnyango wezempi Central Executive Committee Avelya Enukidze. Old kwamaBolshevik (iqembu kusukela 1898) Basazisa ikhono kanye namandla we sombutho abasha.

Entwasahlobo ka-1918 Egorov hhayi kuphela eyayengamele umsebenzi ngomyalo kabusha nokuhlola (adabula kulo, isibonelo, kwaba isikhulu abanamakhono futhi ohahela isikhundla sasebukhosini Mikhail Tukhachevsky - omunye semashi ezinhlanu zokuqala eSoviet Union), kodwa futhi baxoxisana amaJalimane isiboshwa exchange. Wabuye njalo nabo abameleli Red Cross.

Ehola Army 9th

Agasti 31, 1918 Ngokuzayo Marshal zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa Egorov bafaka sicelosikhalo nesicelo ukumthuma impi, balwa kulwiwa. Ngosuku olwandulela lolu eserka isiqephu Fanny Kaplan, wenziwe akuphumelelanga zungu Lenin. Shot emhlabeni Michelson ifektri okwaholela ekuqaleni udlame ekuhlaseleni iqembu lakhe. Egorov yena waphula nge Socialist-mbuso ngoJulayi, futhi wajoyina endle RKP (b). Wayengumuntu nenhlanhla "ashintshe inkambo" enjalo ngaphambi nje okuqondene Socialist-mbuso sesenza ihlazo nasencithakalweni. Nokho, SR auknulos lempi esidlule kamuva kakhulu, lapho Stalin 30 waqala all-out wokuhlanza ku iRed Army.

Ngo-August 1918, Egorov efanayo waqokwa induna Army 9th, ukulalela ngaphambili eningizimu. Kwaba kusayithi Kamyshin - Novohopersk futhi sibonisa nokuthi zingakanani Jikelele Krasnov. Nakuba lesi sikhulu wathola ukuqokwa eside elindelwe, White Balashov usike ujantshi. Unesimo engabalulekile ngakho futhi wabhekana esizayo Marshal Egorov. Biography wamabutho kwakuyinto kakade egcwele ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi phezu izimpi ka kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, ngakho lomyali, hhayi kancane ishaqeke, waqala ukubuyiselwa isimo esikhona manje.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko Egorov kwaba kulungiswe ephelele Army 9th. Ngesikhashana nje, sibonga amandla ayo nokukhuthazela wakwazi ukudala le ukwakheka entsha yamandla kahle esikhulu. Baqala imisebenzi asebenzayo ku Sebryakovsky futhi Filonovsky izinkomba. Ngosizo we 9th Army Tsaritsyn abavikeli bakwazi ukuvikela muzi osendaweni ezibalulekile.

londoloza Tsaritsyn

Ngo-October, induna yempi ubangwa nezibi, futhi wayenedumela ukuhlala izinyanga ezimbili esibhedlela. In the House, wathola isabelo esisha. 10 Army kwaba iyunithi entsha Tactical, eliholwa Marshal Egorov. Amazinga waphumelela omunye ngamunye ngemva kwenye, kodwa esikhundleni omusha ngamunye ezempi njalo benokuthile esiphezulu akho. Manje inkinga entsha sina wabhekana naye - londoloza Tsaritsyn, kwaphinda sona leso, ophethwe abamhlophe.

Disemba 19, 1918 ikhambi Egorov waya ngaphambili. Nakuba umkhuzi usesibhedlela, esikhundleni sakhe matasa okwesikhashana Nikolay Khudyakov (kudubuleke kamuva). Ngo Tsaritsyn kwabahambela kakhulu kabi. Ayisebenzanga, kungekho inkampani (ngaphandle embonini isibhamu). inhlangano City Party viva abantu 5000, kodwa igunya okungekho muntu owake namanje akwanele. Ukulwa kwakwenzekani edolobheni. Ojantshi, ezitaladini namafektri njalo shelled. Januwari 19, 1919 Abamhlophe wake walinga yini ukuhamba phezu iVolga ice futhi ngaleyo ndlela azungeze ngokuphelele edolobheni.

Egorov waqala balwe inhlangano. indima ebalulekile odlale ukwahlukana abakhwele amahhashi iphansi kwesandla sika-Boris Dumenko. Januwari 22 waqala kuhlasela, okuyinto umgomo main kwaba nempumelelo phambi langemuva zihamba emhlophe. Empini lokuqala eduze ipulazi ngqo ngemishayo obomvu bamisa ezinhlanu isitha abakhwele amahhashi regiments. It ephethwe ukuba singangeni Davydovka. Januwari 28 efikile kulo, Marshal Egorov. Imiklomelo, ayamukela zangenkathi czarist, abangu hola ngokuphelele. Wakwazi sifinyelele intuthuko kule mpi for Tsaritsyn. Ngo Davydovka Egorov ngabona Budenny, eyathatha isikhundla Dumenko nezibi.

Balimaze bese ubuyela operation

April 4, 1919, uLenin wathumela incwadi yocingo igama egorova, okuyinto uhalalisele amaqhawe Army 10th ne impumelelo emkhankasweni ebusika. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, eningizimu kwaqina ibutho Denikin, futhi empumalanga waqala okuhlaselayo yayo Kolchak. Lezi aqondisa baye cishe eseyiqedile iRed Army Imiphumela Tsaritsyn. Ngo-May 1919, kwelinye impi phezu lomfula Sal esizayo Marshal wase-USSR Egorov (nge Dumenko) walimala kakhulu futhi kwaphela isikhathi esithile aphume isinyathelo. Noma kunjalo, ibutho ngalolo suku wakwazi ukunqoba. Behind le impumelelo wamabutho ophakeme kwakungu ngaleso sikhathi KwamaBolshevik umklomelo ezempi - Order of Red Banner.

Egorov emasontweni ambalwa wachitha kuzo zonke izibhedlela zaseSaratov naseMoscow. Ngo-July, wabuyela phambi yaholela Army 14. Khona-ke, ngo-Okthoba 1919 - Januwari 1920, u-Alexander Ilyich wakhonza njengephayona induna Southern Front. Wabelwa ukuba okwamanje enzima kakhulu kulwiwa. White, njengoba wake, kwase kuseduze ukuba eMoscow. Ngo-October 13, bathatha ukhozi. Wik endlunkulu Front ngesikhathi wawusegunjini Serpukhov eduze eMoscow. Isimo sasisibi kakhulu. Ukulahleka eMoscow kungaholela ukunqotshwa sokugcina amaBolshevik.

Ehola Southern Front

Naphezu kwakho konke, Marshal Egorov Alexander Ilyich akazange yehlisa izandla zakhe. On isinyathelo kukaLenin, wayifeza ukudluliselwa West Uphambi isiLatvia kuqhuma Division, lamabutho Infantry Brigade Pavlov sika abakhwele amahhashi Primakov, kanye namanye izingxenye PBC. Kule hodgepodge komandyuzh wadala isiteleka ithimba eliyisipesheli. Kwaba kube gravedigger okuphumelela abamhlophe.

ukulwa zazisuka waqala Kromy futhi Eagle. 13, Army 14 kanye neqembu impi waphula izindlu Alexandrov Kutepov. Ngakho-ke wathiywa kuhlasela Denikin. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, elinye ibutho isiteleka elaliholwa Budyonny e Voronezh isiqondiso wahlulwa white horse ezivalekile eziningana. Okthoba 25 Revolutionary Military oPhethe Southern Front, wathumela incwadi yocingo Lenin, eyabika ukunqoba eside elindelwe phezu isiphephelo eyinhloko esiphikisayo revolution. Umlayezo esasayinwa Stalin futhi Yegorov.

December 12, amakholwa iRed Army yakhululwa laseKharkov, futhi 16 - Kiev. Ngo-January 1920, Rostov ezimhlophe yaxazululeka. Njengoba amabutho Wik Front kwenziwe umsebenzi wabo futhi wawahlula Denikin sika Zinikele Army. Yiqiniso, babamba iqhaza elikhulu kule mpumelelo ukwenze Alexander Egorov. kamuva Marshall ubhale izinkumbulo eningiliziwe izinsuku yokunqotshwa futhi ukunqoba kulwiwa.

Ngo Petrograd

Ekuqaleni 1921 Egorov wakhethwa isekela X Congress LamaKhomanisi. Ngo-April, waba induna Petrograd Military District. Kulesi sikhundla, amasosha lisekhona Septhemba 1921. Ngo Petrograd Yegorov kwakudingeka wokuqala ukubhekana nemiphumela yaleso Kronstadt ukuhlubuka. Itilosi ehlubuka ngqo phakathi X Congress. Ukuze amaBolshevik Kwaba buhlungu buhlungu. Egorov waqala kabusha Party nezombusazwe umsebenzi amayunithi ezempi.

Leli qembu wahlushwa indlala, ihlushwa Petrograd. Nakuba esikhathini sangempela umngcele strip, wakha ukuphathwa entsha Border Guards (ngokuhlukile emngceleni Finnish futhi Latvian-Estonia). Lokhu kwalandelwa remapping - lokuqala ku phambi Western ke e Caucasian Krasnosnamyonnay ibutho.

iminyaka obunokuthula

Ngo-1931, u-Alexander Ilich waqokwa uMphathi Abasebenzi iRed Army. Kuleli qhaza lethu, waba omunye semashi ekucala lasihlanu. Izinga eliphakeme kunawo wonke iRed Army wanikezwa Yegorov akuyona nje. Phakathi neminyaka kulwiwa, wayengumuntu wangempela iqhawe-Union. Alexander Ilyich kwakungekaNkulunkulu namaSewula ojenene, zakhiwa ukunqoba ngendlela igazi kuliwa ne abamhlophe.

Njengoba uMphathi Abasebenzi iRed Army sokuthula Yegorov ephethwe umsebenzi omkhulu neqhinga lokubhekelela of kabusha lobuchwepheshe webutho lezempi. inkinga sesimanje sibi e ekuqaleni 30s. Khona-ke Revolutionary Military Council yase-USSR iRed Army Headquarters ngaphambilini ukuqhubekela kabusha imishini nokwenza umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo. Bika imiphumela yalo msebenzi osendaweni ezibalulekile okulungiselelwe iqembu ochwepheshe akhethiwe. Leli qembu liholwa Marshal Egorov.

unkosikazi Military Galina Tseshkovsky asekelwe womshado zonke izigaba zokuphila kwakhe (bashada emuva ezikhathini tsarist). Mina yayiphumula futhi ayezidinga lapho yindlunkulu iRed Army. Kulesi sikhundla, Egorov wahlala irekhodi isikhathi eside. wonke umsebenzi wakhe lalinabashumayeli ezihambayo njalo nokushintsha imisebenzi. UMphathi Abasebenzi, wahlala kwaze kwaba ngo-1935, lapho eba uMphathi Jikelele Abasebenzi.

Itshe Eliyigugu futhi sembubhiso

Ngo-May 1937, iSoviet Union, Marshal Egorov yaxoshwa okuthunyelwe ka uMphathi Jikelele Abasebenzi iRed Army (yena salandelwa Boris Shaposhnikov). Alexander Ilyich baba Isekela Commissar Wezokuvikela. Ngo-1937, izinguquko ibutho wathatha uhlamvu mass. kamuva kwacaca ukuthi bangabafokazi kuyisandulela ekuqothulweni abesabekayo iRed Army. Esimeni semakhaya intambo isimo sezombangazwe e-Europe (eJalimane, amaNazi liqala ukubusa, emazweni wobunxiwankulu ukuthatha izikhundla, Old World is nakanjani esondela impi enkulu) Stalin wanquma ukuhlanza Red Army.

Igalelo main wawela phezu labo abenze imisebenzi yabo e kulwiwa. Esikhathini 30s, laba bantu matasa izikhundla key iRed Army. isimo sabo sengqondo Stalin kwaba engalingani. "Citizen" Amaqhawe babe nobudala obufanayo Koba, banelungelo zokuziphatha ukuze akubheka ngayo njengoba kuqala phakathi kwabantu abalinganayo. Stalin eyakhelwe wobushiqela. ibutho Ngakho abaqhoshayo nabanomoya ezimele bethukile kuye. Lokunqatshelwe kwaba Stalin futhi Marshal Egorov. "Umndeni" amaBolshevik ubudala, owahlukanisa imisele phakathi kulwiwa, esikhathini esidlule. Okokuqala ngase egorova wawa phansi ukugxekwa esesidlangalaleni umholi. Kwabe sekufika Opal yangempela.

Isiphetho marshal unyaka wakhe wokugcina kwaba khona ejwayelekile uStalin izisulu ukwesaba. Egorov ehlelekile Ishintshanisa entsha, kancane ebonakalayo futhi ezibalulekile izikhundla. Ngo-January 1938, wayesemsebenzini Eqinisweni isixhumanisi. Yegorov wathunyelwa yala Transcaucasian Military District. Kwakuyisinyathelo ejwayelekile ka uStalin. Ngokwesibonelo, ngaphambi nje kokuba ukubulawa Tukhachevsky nje kuthunyelwe iVolga esifundeni.

Nakuba Yegorov wathatha izinto eCaucasus, eMoscow ngo kuye lwajula amafu zokugcina. Februwari 8, 1938, waboshwa umkakhe Galina Tseshkovsky. Inkosikazi Marshala egorova waba yisisulu engokwemvelo ukwesaba. Njengoba umthetho, NKVD lokuqala bathatha umndeni abaphezulu womuntu, okwakwenza kube lula ukuthola uphawu abamnyama.

ngoFebhuwari 21 e Moscow wabizelwa Marshal Egorov. Umfazi uboshiwe, kodwa amashwa lokho kwakumane kuyisiqalo nolokubhujiswa imindeni yamasosha. Aleksandra Ilicha saboshwa ngo-dolobha ngo-March 27. Wayethunywe ukuba Lubyanka. Kukhona nganekwane ezingaqinisekisiwe ukuthi July 1938 Yabantu Commissar we NKVD Yezhov ukuze Stalin olandelayo uhlu hit. Kwaba amagama 139 kule ephepheni. Stalin wavumelana ukudutshulwa 138, kodwa washaya igama Egorov. Ukuze mlando ke ayikaziwa, lokho kwaba isizathu lesi sinqumo. Ngandlela-thile, kodwa Marshal Egorov, izithombe zazo saphela avele ticashunwa temaphephandzaba, wayephila ejele izinyanga eziyisithupha.

Februwari 22, 1939 INkantolo Ephakeme Chamber of the Supreme Soviet yamemezela sinqumo esimweni ezempi. Marshall wasolwa ukuhlela uzungu ezempi kanye ubunhloli. Le Nkantolo yathola egorova icala. Marshal wadutshulwa ngosuku olulandelayo. Kwaba ngo-February 23 - Usuku iRed Army futhi Navy.

Bekanye Egorov anikela ngokuphila kwawo, ochwepheshe abaningi. Endaweni elicembu High Command iRed Army kwakhiwa zintula enkulu. Imiphumela ekuqothulweni ebuthweni abathintekayo ngokushesha kakhulu. Kakade 1941, ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Kulapho izwe wazizwa ukuntuleka abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe. Cishe wonke amalungu Ithimba abangu baqashwa kuwo intsha untried futhi ungakulungele. Stalin, umuntu eqhuma uhlanyiswa mayelana owadubula imbali yebutho lakhe, washiya ngaphandle kwendawo ebekelwe abasebenzi. Waba yini umphumela walesi ithuba abe ukulahlekelwa omkhulu esigabeni sokuqala ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Phakathi naso sonke ngxabano-Third Reich ku iRed Army azinawo amakhono kanye nesipiliyoni Aleksandra egorova.