Olimele yempi eyayilimele "Marat" bavikela Leningrad

Battleship "Marat" yasungulwa ngo-1909 futhi umkhankaso ngo-1911. Khona-ke lalibizwa ehlukile - "Petropavlovsk". Eminyakeni engaba mithathu oshiywe ukufakwa imishini nezikhali, bese umkhumbi yanikwa ngoxhaxha zamanje. It wawumkhulu: ubude babuyizingalo 181 m, ububanzi esiphezulu 27 m, le kwezulu ukujula - 8.5 m.

Indima amatilosi Baltic eMpini Yezwe II wayengekho kubaluleke kakhulu, impi esemqoka senzeka izimpi ezweni. imikhumbi Russian zase zigcinwa endaweni misela amaJalimane Gulf, iqhaza zabo lwalulinganiselwe ukuba isicelo wezikhali iziteleka ekulweni nesitha.

Iningi amatilosi Baltic Fleet sasekelwa kuyanda ukuze amandla amaBolshevik, abakhuthele in ze umsebenzi phakathi kwabasebenzi. Noma kunjalo, ngo-1921, efuna ukuqonda inqubomgomo entsha kahulumeni, amatilosi aphakamisa ku Kronstadt kuvukela, lifuna ukwakha abaseSoviet ngaphandle amaKhomanisi.

Ukuhlubuka wafakwa phansi, ukubhubhisa lezi zihlubuki esingu. Ukusula inkumbulo imicimbi ebuhlungu amaBolshevik, nangemikhumbi eminingi aqanjwa igama, kuhlanganise "Petropavlovsk".

Battleship "Marat" (lokhu kube ngamagama amasha) e neminyaka engamashumi amabili ezayo, ngokuphindiwe sezithotshiselwe phansi sesimanje. ukwakhiwa umzimba Basic has eqinile, Ubukhulu bayo ukuvumela ukusetha izikhali ezahlukene izinhlelo. Lokufuduka emkhunjini owema ngo-1914, amathani 23 000 senyuselwa cishe izinkulungwane 26., Ikakhulu ngenxa Sisindvo superstructures ngcono motor-amandla uhlelo (kungenzeka ukusebenzisa uphethiloli ketshezi), Ukulinganisa wezikhali, izibhamu VOP (lapho kwakukhona isidingo) . Kuye kwenziwa okuningi futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yempi "Marat" ofakelwe nge zokuxhumana imishini yesimanje, ububanzi uzitholele namadivayisi ukulawula umlilo.

Inkomba kwanoma iyiphi gunship amandla - lesikali main. Obukhov isitshalo ezikhathini tsarist ukukhiqiza amathuluzi esihle kakhulu imikhumbi. Nambili 305-mm imiphongolo zafakwa kwemibhoshongo ezine wezikhali. Barrage yempi "Marat" akwazi ukuholela ama-eyishumi nesithupha 120-milimitha inganono uhlelo "Vickers" nge rate 7 imizuliswano ngeminithi ngayinye. Nokho, indawo yabo kwi emphemeni phakathi kwaholela izikhalazo amatilosi njengoba isikhundla sabo aphansi ke ukudubula nzima nge amagagasi, kodwa njengoba izenzakalo kamuva kwabonisa, kubaluleke kakhulu kwadingeka.

Ekuqaleni kwempi eSoviet Union kwadingeka ezintathu wezikhali dreadnoughts enamandla, omunye owawungumnyaka yempi "Marat".

Umlando kwaphinda kwenzeka ngo-1914 ehlobo lika-1941. Baltic Fleet abanjwe eGulf of Finland wancishwa umuntu ukuba abuye angenele egumbini lokuhlinza. Inani le mikhumbi esimweni kunqunywa ikhono ukudubula ngokunembile nakude, baphenduké ku elintantayo wezikhali amabhethri, okuyinto, ngokuvamile, kwaba kubi kakhulu.

Njengoba ayebazi umsebenzi yesikhathi eside "dvenadtsatidyuymovok" amaJalimane ngokushesha baqaphela ukuthi kudingeka ngenze okuthile ukuze uthole ukuba bavalelwe. izindlela namaqiniso zokuhlasela izindiza kuphela wayesengaba ukuxazulula le nkinga.

Hans-Ulrich Rudel wayalwa ukuba kuqhunyiswe i-dreadnought Soviet. Lokhu uLieutenant Luftwaffe wathola ukulwa nakho ngesikhathi somkhankaso European, lokuziveza kwakhe ukuba ngomunye abashayeli iningi kahle okuhloswe. Phambi kwakhe, abaningi baye bazama hit umkhumbi, okokuqala 250-kg ke halftones amabhomu, kodwa ukuba bangene Keg powder okungaziphuca kuphela umshayeli.

Leli bhomu, enesisindo kg bronepalubu 1000 wafohla bazibuyisa detonation nezinhlamvu. Yonke ekhaleni we aphulwa, babulawa zezisebenzi ezingaphezu kuka-320, kuhlanganise umlawuli Ivanov P. K.

Ukuzama ukulondoloza yempi "Marat", izisebenzi babonisa isibindi namasu. Corps ephethwe ukubeka phansi nge roll okuncane kanye iphimbo, esangenza emva imisebenzi wokutakula ukuze ugcine ukulwa amakhono zemibhoshongo ifolishi wezikhali, bese mlilo umnsalo yesibili. Kulesi isikhundla provoeval umkhumbi kuze kube usuku lokuphelelisa ukufohla of nokuvinjelwa Leningrad. yena "uPetru noPawulu" waqala futhi ngo-1943. Ngokusobala, isikhathi Dunton Robespierres iphelile ...

Kwakukhona nesinye ukuqanjwa kabusha ngo-1950, yempi okuthiwa "Volkhov". Lo mkhumbi ukuthi uthathe isizinda ngo-1953, ke wakwazi ukufunda amatilosi abasha.