Naphezu impikiswano eqhubekayo mayelana okwamanje nesenzakalo ngayinye emzaneni lasendulo, kukhona uhlu ucishe uvumile ukuthi ihlanganisa Imizi eminingi yasendulo emhlabeni, lapho ukuphila, bahamba njalo futhi manje owakhiwe.
Omunye endala
Scenic uhlu eJeriko, hhayi kanye okukhulunywa ngabo eBhayibhelini ngokuthi "umuzi wemithi," nakuba igama lesiHebheru lisho "Umuzi of the Moon." Izazi-mlando attribute usuku yomsuka wawo njengoba settlement kuya BC VII ngekhulu, nakuba ezinye iminonjana wathola basonta IX habitability. Ngamanye amazwi, abantu babehlala lapha phakathi Chalcolithic noma Neolithic kuya sobumba. Kwenzeka isimanga ngoba indawo zaseJeriko kusukela kudala ivuliwe warpath futhi, iBhayibheli incazelo ukuyiswa edolobheni. Ubizwa bangaphezi lidlule isuka kwesinye isandla iye, zokugcina kwenzeka ngo-1993, lapho iJeriko waya Palestine. Izikhathi eziningi phezu zeminyaka izakhamuzi zalo kwesokunxele, kodwa wabuya njalo futhi kabusha. Manje itholakala km 10 kusuka Olufile eJeriko ngokuzithandela wavakashela yizivakashi njengomuntu ocebile izivakashi (isibonelo, kwakukhona igceke zeNkosi uHerode). Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo ngumuzi endala kakhulu emhlabeni uhlukile futhi ukuthi, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, kuyinto indawo ejulile njengoba itholakala 240 metres ngezansi kolwandle.
Ngubani lo mdala
Eyesibili (futhi ngezinye izikhathi baphikisana ubuqhawe) ku uhlu "Imizi eminingi yasendulo emhlabeni" kuyinto eDamaseku, inhloko-dolobha eSiriya lanamuhla. Khona kanye ukubukeka kwawo futhi libhekisela ezikhathini komlando, kodwa kuba okuyidolobha ngemva kokuhlasela Aramu, eyaqala 1400 BC. Elinye lamadolobha esithakazelisa kunazo zonke eMpumalanga Ephakathi, lugcwele ezikhangayo. Kungani kufanele kuphela lama-Umayyad Mosque, ilungu ohlwini lamathempeli amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, lapho kugcinwa ikhanda Ioanna Krestitelya. Umuzi omdala ukuze kukhona inkolelo, uma odongeni lokuqala elakhiwa emhlabeni ngemva kukaZamcolo, kwaba ogangeni lwaseDamaseku. Old Town, okwaphela amakhulu eminyaka amaningi akushintshi injalo, nayo yayibiyelwe ngodonga, kodwa elimiswe isikhathi laseRoma lasendulo.
Futhi omdala
It kuphetha nemizana yokuqala emithathu uhlu "Imizi eminingi yasendulo emhlabeni," Lebanese Byblos. Akubuzwa ukuthi kwezinye uhlu kuholela wesibili ngisho kuqala ubudala. Le mizi emithathu zibe eside ngaphambi emuva ngeNkathi Yethusi Age, kodwa selokhu ngokuqhubekayo wonke owakhiwe. Byblos itholakala emaphethelweni edolobha Beirut. Zona kanye igama lomuzi lithi uma laliwumuzi waseBhayibhelini futhi ngokuthi hebe. isiphetho waseFenike ezikhathini zasendulo laliyisikhungo ukuhweba-papyrus, futhi manje isisezweni esidumile kakhulu yizivakashi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi inani elincane imibhalo ezitholakele ku amagugu asendulo, ingakamiswa ziqala, ngoba lolu hlobo protobibleyskogo incwadi ayinakho izikhala. Izimpawu mayelana 100, futhi ilebula akwanele. Usuku edolobheni elilandelayo iSusa kuncintisana ngaso, njengoba idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke banamuhla Syria Aleppo - omunye acabanga ukuthi BC VII ngekhulu, yona le mizi esase sikhona kakade, umuntu - akukho.
Ukuvala uhlu "lasendulo"
Ukuzalwa edolobheni elilandelayo kuhlehlela emuva 4th yeminyaka BC. Akubona bonke zivame ukuliveza uhlu onesihloko esithi "Umuzi endala kunawo wonke emhlabeni" okukhulunywa Krymskaya Feodosiya, kuyilapho eRussia kubhekwa "idolobha okuphakade", njengoba kusekelwe, ngokusho kwabanye, e-BC VI kwekhulu futhi yaziwa ngokuthi Ardabra . Enye ayishumi amadala kuhlanganisa ezindaweni ezifana neSidoni Lebanese (4 th. BC). Kuhlawumbiselwa esifanayo kwavela Fayum waseGibhithe (ngesiGreki Krokodilpolya) kanye Plovdiv Bulgarian. Turkish Gaziantep futhi inhloko-dolobha Lebanese of Beirut namakhulu ambalwa eminyaka ngemva abasebasha. Okulandelayo ohlwini emizini ezilandelayo kukhuluma kaningi kakhulu: iJerusalema, iTire, Arbil, Kirkuk, Jaffa. Bonke livele emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka ngaphambi kwesikhathi sethu esivamile, futhi bayingxenye 'endala ".
Imibhalo emidala kunayo yonke e-Russia
Izinhlu ezivamile onesihloko esithi "sidilizwa Amadolobha Yezwe" akuyona ingxenye Derbent, noma Zurich, noma Ningbo, yize emahlombe abo okungenani emlandweni weminyaka engu-6000. Ngakho, Derbent (Arabic Bab al-Abvab - igama layo - elihunyushwe ngokuthi "Isango Gate" noma "esangweni elikhulu"), ngokusho kwabanye, kuye kwaba isiphetho kule 4 yeminyaka BC. Yiwo umuzi eningizimu WaseRussia sekuneminyaka kakade emuva ngeNkathi Yethusi Age. Kuhunyushwe kusuka ulimi lwase-Azerbaijan igama layo Kuzwakala kuyisixazululo "ovaliwe". Itholakala ku wezwe ophakathi eCaucasus ibanga ogwini olungasentshonalanga yoLwandle iCaspian. Lokhu edolobheni lasendulo bekulokhu esangweni kuze dlela umzila nendlwana kusukela Yurophu nase-Asia.
Kakhulu, "lasendulo"
Kubantu abaningi, umqondo-Europe lasendulo ezihlobene ngokuyinhloko Greece. Kodwa Swiss Zurich lapho lasendulo. Imizana kuqala ku insimu yalo eladabuka iminyaka 4430-4230 BC, okungukuthi, cishe enkulungwaneni 5th. Eduzane lwezikhathi zethu, ngilinqobile AmaCeltic ke emzaneni waba yingxenye yoMbuso WaseRoma, kanye kulezi zikhathi okukhulunywa ngaphansi kwegama Turikum. idolobha Chinese Ningbo, esesikhundleni sihlobene ngokuqondile Hemudu isiko, okuyinto yayikhona 5th yeminyaka BC, ngokusho kwabanye izimangalo, yayisivele owakhiwe esikhathini Neolithic. Archaeology akuyona esikhundleni, kanti uhlu Imizi eminingi yasendulo emhlabeni ngeke ufake igama elisha.
Eduzane lwezikhathi yethu
Uhlu "Umuzi zezwe lasendulo" kuyinto ebanzi kakhulu kunenani "lasendulo" ngoba 2 yeminyaka BC basonta izizwe eziningi zaqala. Indawo imizana kwavela amakhulu eminyaka, kungaphezu eMpumalanga Ephakathi. EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani ngokuyinhloko idolobha of neRoma lasendulo. Kule ndawo, ehola "emadolobheni njalo owakhiwe endulo," I-Athene. Amanothi ngaleli dolobha-state, futhi, siqale amagama ugcwale kulezi zindawo babe esikhathini Neolithic. Kodwa-Athens zichazwe ngokuningiliziwe, kusukela esikhathini pozdneelladskogo, okungukuthi iminyaka 1700-1200 BC. Inkathi Yokuchuma ngoba le nqubomgomo enamandla lwaluqala phakathi nenkulungwane 1st, phakathi nokubusa Pericles. ezikhumbuzo Legendary bayaziwa kuwo wonke umhlaba, ezakhiwa phakathi nalesi sikhathi, okuyinto kahle wafunda futhi esachazwa zabuna yamaGreki asendulo. ubufakazi okunjalo yomlando obhalwe kuyi-papyrus usebenza Vakhelida, Hyperides, Menander futhi Herodes, zisekhona. Isebenza kamuva, abalobi ngesiGreki edumile emhlabeni wakha sisekelo ethandwa "Izinganekwane Legends" N. Kuhn. nefilosofi Lasendulo ngesiGreki, isayensi, namasiko kuyisisekelo sesihlalo ulwazi yesimanje.
uhlu olubanzi
Amagama amadolobha yasendulo emhlabeni kukhona uhlu olubanzi kakhulu, okuyinto oluthatha page angaphezu kwelilodwa, ngoba inkathi endala luphela ekulandelaneni kwezenzakalo yethu, has ngosuku oluthile - 476 AD, okubonisa kokuwa eMbusweni waseRoma oseNtshonalanga. Le nkathi ibilokhu wafunda kahle, futhi ukuba khona emadolobheni amaningi bodokotela. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi abanye nemizana ngokuthi kusukela uhlu enkulu zonke ezaziwayo ngokoqobo wonke umuntu. Faka kuwo, nomuzi kwanyamalala ebusweni bomhlaba, kodwa ubufakazi asele zomlando noma inkumbulo kuzuze izizukulwane ezaziyolandela. Lezi zinto zihlanganisa imizi emikhulu zezwe lasendulo, iBabiloni, futhi Palmyra, yasePompeii eThebes, Chichen Itza, futhi Uri, ePhergamu Cusco, yasendulo yesiGreki Knossos futhi Mycenae, emadolobheni amaningi e-Asia kanye nezinye amazwekazi. I-Mysteries of emanxiweni kweminye yale mizi okwamanje ezodinga ukuxazululwa. Ngokwesibonelo, walahlekelwa emahlathini oluyimfihlakalo Angkor - Cambodia Stony inhliziyo, uvule emhlabeni phakathi kwekhulu XIX, nakuba umlando nemvelaphi yawo itholakala ngokuba sibuyele emuva nelesibili AD leminyaka. Noma esisogwini esiqongweni sentaba, etholakala endaweni engamamitha 2450 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle, akukho kancane ongaqondakali Machu Picchu. Lo "muzi esibhakabhakeni" lasendulo itholakala ePeru.
Okwavelela idolobha
Idolobhana elisencwadini yasendulo Demre ngokuziqhathanisa labantu amaphuzu ngenhla nje ezincane. Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala it fanele kuze kube ikhulu V (hhayi yeminyaka) BC. Kodwa lingumuzi legend. Akwaziwa endulo ngaphansi igama Umhlaba, kuba abadumile hhayi kuphela izikhumbuzo engavamile, kodwa kuqala kunazo zonke yokuthi wafunda, wahlala futhi waduma St Nicholas, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Nicholas Ugodnik, uMenzi Wezimangaliso, aka St Nicolaas, futhi Santa Claus. Isiko eziphawuleka kakhulu ukupha Christmas izipho babevela wona kanye lo muzi. Umqalisi kwaba Saint Nicholas, umbhishobhi wokuqala Myra. Umuzi Demre lasendulo yayithandwa kakhulu izihambeli ezibuka indawo.
umzila yafuna kakhulu "Demre-Kekova-World." Umuzi walondoloza ngokuphelele Inkundla yamaRoma yemidlalo yaseshashalazini, lalilikhulu ngokwanele ukuba wahlulele ukubaluleka kwalokhu ngasolwandle isikhungo esiyinhloko ezikhathini zasendulo. Kekova - kulesi siqhingi. He is esiphawulekayo lokuthi amabhishi kwakhona phambili ezindongeni zomuzi lushone ngenxa yokuzamazama komhlaba. idolobha elihle kakhulu yesimanje ye Demre, Turkey uphakathi nendawo esifundazweni homonymous.
uhlu emfushane kakhulu
emadolobheni Okumangazayo futhi okuhle yasendulo emhlabeni. Uhlu owaziwa ngowokuthi: iBhayibheli, eJeriko, Aleppo, kulandele Sousa, iDamaseku, El-Fayoum futhi iPlovdiv. Kuyinto fair ukhombe Derbent futhi Zurich, "emzini okuphakade" eRoma, kanye nemizana eziningana China lasendulo (Ningbo, Changshu, Changzhou, kanye nezinye). Wanyamalala yaseBhabhiloni, Palmyra, yasePompeii, i-Uri futhi Mycenae ukuqedela lesi ezingaphezu kuka uhlu ethobekile imizi yasendulo. zokungcebeleka abahlukile inama lasendulo Persipol WasePheresiya. Ngesinye isikhathi yayiyinhloko-dolobha yoMbuso wase-Achaemenid, owakhiwa VI-V eminyaka BC, isimo elikhulu, kamuva yanqoba Aleksandrom Makedonskim. Zonke edolobheni lasendulo sizungezwe ezinganekwaneni, ukuhlangabezana ukuthi ithakazelisa kakhulu.