Ukukhululwa Odessa ngo-1944. Apreli 10 - usuku lokukhululwa Odessa

I umsebenzi Odessa yayithatha izinsuku 907. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kwashona amashumi ezinkulungwane izakhamuzi futhi amasosha. Abaningi zaphoqeleka ukuba zibalekele hhayi kuphela bahlaseli, kodwa futhi kusukela kulabo ababamba ohlangothini isitha, futhi ngahileleka ubugebengu mass ngokumelene abayizakhamuzi ezejwayelekile.

Ukukhululwa Odessa bavunyelwe abuqede izenzo efunwa amaRoma. Senzeka ngesikhathi March-April 1944 futhi yaqanjwa operation Odessa ukuthi wawuyingxenye ukunyakaza sokuhlasela amasosha aseSoviet.

ukusebenza Odessa

Ukwenza imisebenzi yezempi 3rd phambi Ukrainian, kusekelwa amabutho ezengeziwe. Wayala by RJ Malinowski. Inhloso ukusebenza ukunqoba amabutho eqembu ugu eyayigxile phakathi Bug Wik futhi Dniester. Futhi ukukhulula coast kweBlack Sea edolobheni lase-Odessa. Olwenziwe Dnieper-ZaseCarpathos okuhlaselayo 12/24/1943 ku 17/04/1994. Usuku lokukhululwa Odessa langena kule nkathi ecasula Soviet.

Isimo ngaphambi ukusebenza

Odessa kwakuhlezi ngo-Okthoba 1941, amabutho aseJalimane-Romanian. Ngo-January 1944, iRed Army laqala ukusebenza yayo ngokuqondene okuyinto umyalo German wanquma ukuyeka Odessa-Romanian sokuqondisa futhi ungene emzini wawakhipha amabutho akhe. Lokhu kwaholela ekubeni mass ukuboshwa nokubulawa. Ezigxotsheni futhi izihlahla hung izidumbu zabantu kwaphela izinsuku eziningana.

Ukukhulula Odessa lenziwa Sibonga kungenzeka ukuba iqiniso lokuthi iRed Army wakwazi ukuza ogwini Bug Southern awuthumbe owela German. Ukuze Wehrmacht ubambe echwebeni Odessa kwakubaluleke kakhulu amasu, ngoba ngosizo yayo ukuxhumana eCrimea ngimatasa futhi.

Usuku lokukhululwa Odessa ukuthi hlehlisa ngokwakha ukuzivikela eqinile German. Ukuze wenze lokhu, basebenzisa ubudala izivikelo we amabutho aseSoviet, okwathi ngo 1941 bakwazi ukubamba edolobheni izinyanga ezimbili nengxenye lisuke emnyango isitha sakhe.

amabutho amaqembu

Ukukhulula Odessa kwakubaluleke kakhulu eSoviet Union, njengoba kwakuyokwenza amaJalimane kungenzeka ngomkhumbi amandla abo ngokusebenzisa imbobo. Ukusebenza amasosha acishe abe yizinkulungwane 470 ababehilelekile. Ngo lokuma kwazo kwaba amathangi ezingaphezu kuka-400 kanye nezibhamu self ezinezinjini, 12.000 izibhamu ezigqulweni, ezingaphezu kuka-400 izindiza. Iningi labantu nezikhali ingeyamakhosi 3rd Front Ukraine.

Ukukhulula Odessa awukwazanga ukuvimbela amabutho aseJalimane kanye Romanian, abenze yonke imizamo abakwazanga ukuyivimbela. Inani amabutho kwaba amasosha acishe abe yizinkulungwane 350. Babewumphakathi izigaba isiJalimane Rumanian. Ngoba badla art amathangi 160 futhi amathuluzi, izinkulungwane ezingaphezu kuka amathathu izigqulo neziqhumane. Aviation lalinamaphayona 400 izindiza isiJalimane 150 izindiza Romania ka.

Ukuze amabutho emgqeni oyinhloko wokuvikela waqala lomfula (i-Bug ngobukhulu Southern futhi Dniester, Tiligul elincane nabanye). I-Centre ukuzivikela eqinile nase-Odessa ngokwayo, okuyinto iwuMnyuziyamu "Fortress sokudumisa sika."

Ukuxabana iRed Army kusukela Wehrmacht abangu bagxila kanje:

• e Odessa, Nikolaev, Berezovka ibekwe amathangi kanye wezikhali;
• emifuleni, amatheku, amachweba elihamba elise;
• ogwini olusenyakatho Bug Southern nasemaceleni Odessa minefields nezithiyo zadalwa.

tigameko letibalulekile

Ukukhululwa Odessa ngo-1944 kwaqala ukucindezela Southern Bug River. Amabutho 3rd Front Ukrainian, nekayokulwa Amabutho Wehrmacht futhi Romania. Phakathi nesonto lokuqala Mashi amabutho aseSoviet bakwazi ukuza lomfula. Ngu-March 18 waqala owela we Bug Southern, eyaqala angabacwasi ngokushesha futhi yaphela 28. Ngu yilokhu kushintsha kwezinto amaJalimane kwakungafanele ngomumo, futhi amabutho Ukraine umkhankaso akukho kusengaphambili ngaphansi okusheshayo ngaseningizimu.

Ngemva kokuthuthela kwenye ingxenye ye-nomfula amabutho aseSoviet ngosuku lakhipha Nikolaev. Lokhu kwaholela yokuthi ibutho lamaJalimane waphoqeleka ukuba baqale ukuhoxa, nokukhululwa Odessa kubahlaseli undlovukayiphikiswa kwaba inkinga ngempela.

Ngasekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, isitha esasikuyo manje nayo yayibiyelwe, okwabangelwa sicabangela ukulawula eU.SSR esiteshini Hlukanisa futhi Ochakov.

Ngo-April 9, amasosha aseSoviet uvele esenyakatho izifunda Odessa. Ngobusuku buka-9 kuya ku-April 10 owawuse lokushaya ebusuku ngokubambisana abashokobezi zendawo, futhi ekuseni umuzi wawuyigolide abakhululiwe. ukuhlaselwa Landelayo waya ngasentshonalanga, isiqondiso Dniester.

Ukrainian Front wakwazi ukudlula ku ibhange kwesokunxele River Dniester ikhulule Transnistria, Moldova. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi amaJalimane elahlekile amasosha mayelana 37.000, abanye babo babebulewe empini, futhi abanye lithunjwa.

Izigaba wenkululeko Odessa esifundeni

Ukukhululwa-Odessa 1944 babungagcini edolobheni. Kusukela abahlaseli German-Romanian aqede yonke indawo.

Izigaba ukuze kukhululwe endaweni:

1. Ngo-March 5 kuya ku-22 aphethwe okuhlaselayo Uman-Botosani, okwaholela abangu kwawona emazweni enyakatho-Odessa.
2. Kusukela ngoMashi 6 kuya 18 ekupheleni Bereznegovatoe Snigirevskaya-operation iye awela ngisho Bug Southern. Odessa waqala ukusebenza, ezenzeka kusukela ngo-28 Mashi kuya ku-10 Apreli. Okulandelayo Agasti weza misa isikhashana Tactical ku okuhlaselayo.
3. Kusukela 20 kuya 29 Agasti ekusebenzeni Iasi-Kishinev iphinde ithunjwe Izmail esifundeni, oyingxenye Odessa namuhla.

Ukukhululwa edolobheni

Sesiyazi ukuthi Apreli 10 - usuku lokukhululwa Odessa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, imizamo ezinkulukazi Kuye kwenziwa. Isitha wakwazi ukwakha ukuzivikela eqinile, usebenzisa sezwe eziyinkimbinkimbi zemvelo, amanzi izingozi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngalesi sikhathi kwaba sezulu elibi, okuyinto sebehlushwa ukungena emzini endleleni.

Waqala izindlela emzini 4 Apreli. amabutho aseSoviet awela ngisho izigaba zonke izingozi amanzi, eyayihlanganisa Tiligul, Adzhalskogo, Big Adzhalskogo zemifula. Ngo-April izingxenye 9 sebefike emaphethelweni enyakatho yedolobha, futhi ukuhlasela waqala e-Odessa, elaliba kanye kanye umhlaba, ulwandle kanye nomoya.

Lapho onogada bethi wangena ingxenye Odessa, waqala izimpi abanolaka ngoba zonke ekhaya, eyathatha ubusuku bonke. Ngu ekuseni ngo-Ephreli 10 lokulwa ifinyelele emaphakathi nobe emigwacweni yase dolobheni. Nawo phezu opera endlini banner ye Red Army sekuwuphawu lokho edolobheni yakhululwa. At izindleko lo msebenzi, kwakukhona izinkulungwane masosha afile nezakhamuzi abangakwazanga ukubona ekunqobeni kokugcina phezu wobushiqela.

izindawo Ekhumbulekayo Odessa

Ukukhulula Odessa sika (April 10, 1944) kubonakala ezincwadini eziningi, Umlando, tinhlelo. Edolobheni kukhona ezikhumbuzo eziningi kanye nezikhumbuzo abazinikezele kulo mcimbi.

izinto ezinkulu nezindawo zazo:

• RJ lesikhumbuzo Malinowski epaki emgwaqeni we isimo;
• ayisikhumbuzo "Wings Ukunqoba" ku-Square ku 10 April;
• indawo ekhumbulekayo (Melnitskaya Street, Isakhiwo 31), lapho ngonyaka 04.09.1944 abashokobezi banqoba kukholomu amabutho aseJalimane;
• indawo ekhumbulekayo (esitaladini isimo, indlu 77), lapho 02/03/1944, elambulala vd Avdeev;
• engcwabeni elikhulu (Tiraspol onguthelawayeka) amasosha eziyishumi abafé phakathi yokukhululwa 04.10.1944, idolobha kanye induna yakhe Gavrikov;
• engcwabeni elikhulu nge Obelisk (Shkodova Intaba) kukhunjulwa 56 baba yizisulu ze-wobushiqela, okuyinto adubule emuva ingajezisa 09.04.1944 iminyaka;
• MM ithuna Kubi ngezinye epaki Fairground.

ezitaladini Odessa sika yokudumisa Bakhululi

April 10 (usuku lokukhululwa Odessa) ngoba okuningi okumnandi for a lifetime. Ukuze ukuhlonipha inkumbulo Bakhululi komuzi, ezitaladini zibizwa kubo.

Amagama amasosha, behlonipha bani okuthiwa ezitaladini Odessa:

• vd Avdeev-Black (Kiev esifundeni);
• MI Nedelin (Kiev esifundeni);
• vd Tsvetayev (endaweni Ilichevsky);
• II Shvygin (endaweni Seaside);
• IA Pliev (endaweni Ilichevsky);
• NF Red (Kiev esifundeni);
• VI Chuykov (endaweni Kiev).