I-Port ye-Odessa: ulwazi oluyisisekelo, umlando, umsebenzi we-port

Kunezikebhe eziningi ezikhona emhlabeni. Baqala ukuvela emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka adlule, lapho izindlela ezilula kakhulu zokuthutha zindlela zasolwandle. Zasetshenziselwa ngokuyinhloko ukuhweba, futhi kamuva kuphela ukuhamba. Yiqiniso, ukunyakaza okunjalo kwakungaphephile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kodwa kungahle kube khona ezinye izindlela. Uhambo lokuhamba olwandle luye lwahlala luvame ukuthandana nezintandokazi ezihlukahlukene. Kubonakala sengathi eminyakeni edlule ukubaluleka kokuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi kuya kancane kancane. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akunjalo nakancane. Njengamanje, kunezinhlayiya eziningi zasolwandle, phakathi kwazo ichweba lase-Odessa elivelele kakhulu. Kulesi sihloko, kuzoba ngale nto, umlando wayo nezici.

Odessa port: ulwazi oluyisisekelo

Manje kufanele siqonde ukuthi i-knot yolwandle imelelani. Okokuqala, kufanele unikeze incazelo ejwayelekile futhi sikutshele ngokubaluleka okungokwenamuhla. Ngakho-ke, ichweba elwandle lase-Odessa liyinto enkulu, kungathiwa, isango elwandle ogwini lolwandle oluMnyama. Kubonakala njengenye yama-hubs amakhulu kunawo wonke anesimo esibalulekile samazwe omhlaba. Itholakala, njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, ogwini, e-Odessa Gulf. Ngokuhlukile, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ichweba liqukethe elinye lamasekhondi amakhulu kunawo wonke aseYurophu. Futhi kule ngxenye ingaqhudelana nezindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba zomhlaba.

Wavela nini?

Abaningi banesithakazelo embuzweni wokuthi ichweba lase-Odessa lakhiwe nini. Ukuqala kokwakhiwa kubhekisela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XVIII, ukuba kube ngokuqondile, ngo-1794. Yiqiniso, le ndawo ayakhiwanga ngonyaka owodwa. Cishe ngo-1905 wabheka, eduze nokubonakala kwakhe kwamanje. Uma uphendukela emlandweni woMbuso WaseRussia, ichweba lase-Odessa lahlala endaweni yesibili ngokuya kwezimpahla ezihlukahlukene. Ngokusho kwalezi zikhombisi ngaleso sikhathi kwakungaphambi kweNtshonalanga yaseSt. Petersburg.

Umlando

Ngakho-ke, sinikeze ulwazi oluyisisekelo ngalokho okushiwo i-port ye-Odessa, kanye neminye imininingwane yokusebenza kwayo. Manje kudingekile ukuthi ufunde kabanzi ngomlando wawo, ngoba ucebile kakhulu kwimicimbi ehlukahlukene. Ekuqaleni, le nto inamathemba aphezulu. Kwakuhlelwe ukuthi ukuhanjiswa kwezimpahla ezivela kuNovorossia nase-Ukraine kwamanye amazwe kuLwandle OluMnyama kuzokwenziwa lapha. Yilo mgomo owawuqhutshwa ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa.

Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, ukwakhiwa kwalento kwaqala ngo-1794. Akuyona into engaqondakali ukuthi kakade ngo-1801, u- Odessa waba umholi ekuthengisweni kwezimpahla kanye nesikhungo esiyinhloko sokuhweba . Ngaleso sikhathi i- Odessa Port yathatha indawo evelele. Ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingaphezu kuka-300 asetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwawo, okwakuthiwa ngaleso sikhathi kwakungumthamo omkhulu. Ngonyaka wakhe wama-50, i-knot yolwandle yayisivele ilungile zonke izifiso ezabekwa kuye futhi yaphula zonke izinhlobo zamarekhodi. Kusuka e-Odessa ngaleso sikhathi, okusanhlamvu okuningi kwakuthunyelwa ngaphandle kokuvela eMelika yonke. Ekuthengisweni kwezimpahla ezivela kuzo zonke izikebhe zaseRussia kwakungowesibili kuphela eSt. Petersburg.

Ukubamba iqhaza kwechweba ku-Great Patriotic War

Kuyadingeka ukuthi u-Odessa uthathe ingxenye enkulu eMpini Enkulu yePatriotic. Ngo-1941 umuzi wawuzungezwe. Kwathatha imizamo emangalisayo yokuqeda ukuhlaselwa kwabahlaseli baseJalimane. Ukuzivikela kwahlala isikhathi eside - uma nje izinsuku ezingu-73. I-Port ye-Odessa inikeze usizo olubalulekile kule nkathi enzima. Wavumela ukwenza izinqubo eziningi, isibonelo, ukunikeza amasosha ngezikhali ezihlukahlukene, izikhali nezinye izinto ezidingekayo.

Kwakuyichweba eliye lavumela abantu ukuba baxoshwe emzini, abahlaseli abalimele kanye nemishini yamabhizinisi ahlukahlukene. Ukuba khona kwale node kanye nokukwazi ukuletha izinto ezidingekayo emigwaqweni yolwandle kwenza kube lula ukuzivikela ngempumelelo nokude isikhathi eside kwedolobha, ngaleso sikhathi okwakungezungezwe. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi ichweba lalibhujiswa kakhulu. Nokho, ukubuyiselwa kwayo kwaqala ngo-1944, ngisho nangaphambi kokuphela kwempi.

Amaqiniso anentshisekelo

Ngakho-ke, sekucacile ukuthi leli dolobha lidlala kanjani indima ebalulekile empilweni yomuzi kanye nezwe phakathi nokuhlala kwayo yonke. Amasango olwandle oLwandle Olubomvu empeleni abelokhu ehlala futhi ehlala ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo nezindaba ezihlobene nale nto ebaluleke kakhulu. Enye yazo ixhunywe nezinqolobane ezakhiwe lapha. Lezi zakhiwo ezisetshenziselwa ukugcina impahla.

Lapha wakhiwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XX futhi wakhangisa abalobi abaningi abadumile. Bafika njengenye yezinto ezikhangayo emhlahlandlela womuzi. V. Kataev futhi wakhuluma ngabo emsebenzini wakhe "The Cemetery in Skuljany". Incazelo yempahla yokugcina impahla itholakala komunye umlobi waseRashiya - A. Kuprin. Enye yezindaba zakhe ezibizwa ngokuthi "Gambrinus" ungathola ivesi elithakazelisayo. Ukhuluma ngendlela ukukhishwa kwemikhumbi kwenzeka ngayo. Futhi umlobi wachaza le nqubo emvelweni.

I-Port namhlanje

Ngakho, ukubaluleka kokubaluleka kwechweba ngaso sonke isikhathi kwakucatshangelwa. Abaningi, mhlawumbe, bayobuzwa umbuzo onjalo: uyini indima yakhe ezinsukwini zethu? Ingabe ilahlekelwe ukufaneleka kwayo? Ayikho impendulo eyodwa kulo mbuzo. Namuhla ichweba lase-Odessa lidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthweni okuhlukahlukene kwempahla. Yiqiniso, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi eminyakeni yama-1990, njengezinye izindawo eziningi, wabhekana nobunzima, njengoba inani lezimpahla ezithunyelwe liyehla kakhulu. Abasebenzi abaningi esimweni esinzima kwakudingeka bafune umsebenzi kwamanye amachweba.

Kodwa-ke, kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2000, isimo sesiqalile ukulungiswa: Ukuthengiswa kwempahla kuye kwanda kancane kancane. Kuze kube manje, kube nokubuyekezwa okuphawulekayo kwalesi sakhiwo. Amaphethelo echweba lase-Odessa anebude bamakhilomitha angaba ngu-9. Izingxenye eziningi ezakhiwa kabusha zavuselelwa kabusha. Isibonelo, isiteshini samanzi, ihhotela kanye nabanye. Kusukela ngo-2009, inzuzo yokuthengiswa kwempahla ye-port yonyaka yayingamathani ayizigidi ezingu-34 zempahla, eyisikhombisa esihle kakhulu.