UJaba Ioseliani uyisela emthethweni. UJaba Konstantinovich Ioseliani, isithunzi sakhe nesithombe sakhe

Wayesejele ngaphansi kweStalin neKrushchev, Brezhnev neGorbachev, Yeltsin noGamsakhurdia. Njengoba eseqedile cishe isigamu sokuphila kwakhe ezindaweni ezingekho kude kangaka, uJaba Ioseliani waba yisigebengu sezombusazwe, sezombusazwe nesosayensi eGeorgia. Njengoba eyisela emthethweni, ebizwa ngokuthi "Dub", wayengumbusi wangempela wezwe kusukela ngo-1991 kuya ku-1995.

Ubuntwana kanye nentsha yegunya lobugebengu, iziphetho zokuqala

UJaba Konstantinovich Ioseliani, owaziwa ngaye kulesi sihloko, wazalwa ngo-1926 edolobheni laseGeorgia laseKhahuri. Uyise womfana wasebenza esitimeleni, futhi unina wayengumfundisi. Ubuntwana besigungu sezigebengu esizayo esadluliselwa ebumpofu. Izintandane zakudala, wakhulelwa ngasemgwaqweni futhi wahlala ngokuba. U-Ioseliani wathola isikhala sakhe sokuqala njengomuntu oneminyaka engu-16 ubudala. Ngenxa yokweba ngokuphanga, iNkantolo yesiFunda yaseMlotov yaseTbilisi yamgweba iminyaka emihlanu ejele.

Ngo-1948, lo mfana wathola ukukhululwa ngokushesha. Ngemva kokuthuthela enhloko-dolobha esenyakatho, ngesitifiketi sokukhohlakala (esikoleni esiphakeme ngaleso sikhathi akakaze aqede), uJaba wangena eNyuvesi yaseLeningrad. I-Pushkin e-Faculty yezifundo zaseMpumalanga. Esebenzisa ukuhlakanipha okuhlakaniphile, waba omunye wabafundi abahamba phambili. Othisha, abangazange bayeke ukudumisa amakhono omqondo wabo ophezulu nabaphikisayo, bamangala lapho bezwa ngokuzumayo ukuthi ngesikhathi sakhe samahhala wayenezenzo ezingekho emthethweni. Ngo-1951 uJaba Konstantinovich waboshwa eLeningrad futhi wagwetshwa iminyaka engu-1 esejele ngenxa yokungabi namuntu.

Ukuqala komsebenzi wokubhala

Ngokushesha ngemva kwegama lesibili, okwesithathu kulandelwe. Okwamanje, u-Ioseliani ubanjwe ngecala lokubulala futhi wagwetshwa iminyaka engu-25 ejele. Ngesikhathi esejele, yena, ngokungafani nabasolwa naye, abachitha isikhathi bedlala amakhadi, baqala ukubhala. Izindaba zikaJaba zabhalwa ngokucophelela kangangokuthi, naphezu kokuhlala kwakhe ezindaweni ezingekho kude kangaka, zaqala ukunyatheliswa kumagazini abhaliwe. U-Ioseliani uJaba Konstantinovich wabiza ngenjabulo umsebenzi wakhe wesikhathi sokuboshwa "izincwadi zamakamelo". Isiphetho sabalobi abanamakhono abanamakhono abahlonishwayo abajwayele amasiko aseGeorgia SSR. Ngesikhalazo sabo ngo-1965, u-Ioseliani wakhululwa ngaphambi kwesimiso.

Ukuphila kwe-Ioseliani engxenyeni yama-60 - isigamu sokuqala sama-80

Kutholakale inkululeko, uJaba oneminyaka engu-38 ubudala wanquma ukuqala impilo entsha. Wathola imfundo yesibili esikoleni sakusihlwa, wangena eTbilisi Theatre Institute, waqala ukuvikela i-Ph.D. yakhe, wabe esememezela udokotela wakhe. Ukuba nguprofesa, wasebenza esikhungweni sezemidlalo njengomfundisi. Ukufunda izinkulumo kubafundi, angikwazi ukukhohlwa ngephutha lami elidlulile uJaba Ioseliani. Isela elisemthethweni elalisongela ngokungekho emthethweni izithelo nemifino yaseGeorgeya ezimakethe eziningi ezingenakubalwa kweSoviet Union. Ngezinsizakalo zakhe lowo owayenguboshwa wangaphambili wathola imali enhle, okwamvumela ukuba aphile ngokuzijabulisa kwakhe. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akuzange kumvimbele ekuboniseni ukunganeliseki ngesabelo awela kuso ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe ongcolile nowingozi. Ngokombono wakhe, "kwakungekho ngokwemibono", futhi igunya labo lobugebengu lazama ukunamathela ngokuqinile. U-Ioseliani wayengumbala onobala futhi onobuchopho kangangokuthi ekuqaleni kweminyaka engu-70 umlobi odumile waseGeorgia uNodar Dumbadze wamenza waba yisibonelo seqhawe leveli "White Flags" yakhe nguLimon Devdariani, ngemuva kwakhe inkazimulo yesela "eliqotho" emthethweni.

Ukubhaliwe kokubhala

Ukuhlanganiswa kokufundisa esikhungweni sezobuchwepheshe nemisebenzi yobugebengu, u-Ioseliani Jaba Konstantinovich wathola isikhathi somsebenzi wokubhala. Wabhala izihloko zesayensi, i-monographs kanye nemisebenzi yobuciko. Umlobi wesela emthethweni unemidlalo engu-6, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yahlelwa ngezigaba zaseTbilisi yaseshashalazini. Kusukela emaciniso, amanoveli akhe "UTeyi No. 113", "Izwe laseLimonia" nelithi "Ubukhulu abathathu" babethandwa kakhulu. Kubhalwe ngolimi oluvusa amadlingozi, lithatha ukunakwa kwabafundi emakhasini okuqala futhi akuyikuyikhulula kuze kube sekugcineni.

Ukuza ezombusazwe, ukudala iMedhedrioni

Phakathi neminyaka engama-80 uJaba Ioseliani, isithombe sakhe singabonakala kulesi sihloko, samukelwa ngentshiseko ngezindaba zokuqala kwe-perestroika. Ngemva kokuyeka umsebenzi wakhe wokufundisa futhi wayeka ukubhala, waqala ukuthatha ingxenye ekhuthele ekuphileni kwezepolitiki yaseGeorgia. Ngo-1989, wadala ukwakheka kwamabutho aseMakhhedrioni (amahhashi). Amalungu ayo azibiza ngokuthi abahluleli bezinkampani ezihlangene ezihlangene ezilwa nabaseTurkey nasePheresiya. Bafunga ukuvikela amazwe aseGeorgia nabantu abahlala kuwo. Amalungu eKedhedrioni agqoke ama-sweaters, ama jeans, amajackethi nezibuko zokukhanya, ezingasuswa ngisho nasendlini. "Umgibeli" ngamunye entanyeni yakhe wafaka i-medallion negama lakhe negciwane legazi ngakolunye uhlangothi nesithombe sikaGeorge onqobayo komunye.

Inhlangano eyadalwa nguJaba Ioseliani, eqinisweni, yayiyiqembu lobugebengu elingekho emthethweni, elibandakanya izigebengu, izidakamizwa ezidakamizwa kanye nezingane ezingenamakhaya ezingenamakhaya. Ngokushesha amalungu eKedhedrioni angena ephalamende laseGeorgia. Iqembu likaJuba Konstantinovich liyingxenye enkulu yezingxabano ezihlomile ezenzeka endaweni yaseGeorgia. Kodwa ukufezwa okuyinhloko kwa "abagibeli" ukuthi banqothule umbuso weZivad Gamsakhurdia futhi basiza ukuza emandleni u-Eduard Shevardnadze.

Ukuzama ukuthatha amandla

Ngo-1990, okhethweni lwamaqembu amaningi elaseGeorgia, lapho amaKhomanisi anqotshwa khona. UMkhandlu oPhezulu weRiphabhulikhi wawuholwa yiZizid Gamsakhurdia, lapho u-Ioseliani engathandanga khona. Isela emthethweni lalibiza ngokuthi "i-fascist" futhi limangalelwa ngokuphula amalungelo abantu nenkululeko. Ekuqaleni kuka-1991, uJaba Konstantinovich wazama ukungena eMachhedrioni fighters eTbilisi, lapho athunjwa khona yiMnyango wezeMnyango wezoPhakathi futhi waphonswa ejele.

Entwasahlobo yonyaka ofanayo, iGeorgia ithola isimo se-republic emele, futhi uGamsakhurdia uba umongameli wayo. Ngaphambi kwazo zonke lezi zenzakalo ngangibukela ejele uJaba Ioseliani. Isela, elajwayele ukuphila ngemicabango, lalingenamandla phakathi nalesi sikhathi futhi ayikwazanga ukuvimbela umphikisi wakhe ukuba angene emandleni.

Ukuncintisana kwezempi

Inqubomgomo elandelwa yiGamsakhurdia yayingacatshangwa futhi ingavumelani, ngenxa yalokho esheshe yalahlekelwa ukwesekwa komphakathi. Ngo-Agasti 1991, ngemuva kokubhikisha kukaMoscow eMoscow, wathi i-National Emergency Committee ihlakazeke ekuqondiseni iKomidi lika-Emergency State, ngaleyo ndlela yenza iphutha elingenakuthethelelwa. Abaqaphi, benqabe ukujoyina izinsizakalo zoMnyango Wezangaphakathi, bahlangana noMedhedrioni futhi ngoDisemba 1991 benza inkululeko yokudlula uGamsakhurdia nokukhulula i-Ioseliani etilongweni. Ngemuva kokukhishwa, uJaba Konstantinovich kanye nomphathi wamabutho eGoldards uTengiz Kitovani udala uMkhandlu wezempi, owaguqulwa waba nguMkhandlu Wombuso. Kodwa-ke, uhulumeni omusha akazange ajabulele ukusekelwa kwabantu, bese u-Ioseliani emema isikhundla sikaSihlalo weMkhandlu Wombuso u-Edward Shevardnadze. Ngokomthetho wezobugebengu, wayengumuntu omele kakhulu ukuhola izwe.

Ioseliani engxenyeni yokuqala yama-90s

Kusukela lapho uShevardnadze eqala ukubusa futhi kuze kube ngu-1995, umbusi wangempela waseGeorgia wayenguJaba Ioseliani. I-biography yakhe ibonisa ukuthi kulokhu kudala wathonya inqubomgomo kuleli zwe, ethembele ekusekeleni iqembu elidalwa yizikhali owadala. Nakuba i-Ioseliani ngokwakhe eyiletha uShevardnadze amandla futhi yamsiza ukuba abe mongameli, wayengajabuli ngezenzo zakhe njengenhloko yombuso. Ubudlelwane obukhulu phakathi kwezombangazwe kwaholela ekubeni ngo-Agasti 1995 abakwaMedhedrioni fighters nomholi wabo basolwa ngokuhlela umzamo ku-Edward Shevardnadze. Ngenxa yalokho, uJaba Konstantinovich waboshwa kwathi ngemva kokugwetshwa kwecala elide iminyaka engu-11 ejele. Iqembu ayidala lalinqatshelwe.

Iminyaka yamuva

Ngonyaka ka-2001, u-Eduard Shevardnadze ungalindele ngokungazelelwe ukuthi uxolele umngane wakhe wangaphambili. Ngemva kokuhamba, u-Ioseliani oneminyaka engu-75 ubudala wanquma ukubuyela ezombusazwe. Ugijimela abaphathi ngesikhathi bekhetha ukhetho ePhalamende laseGeorgia, kodwa bahlukunyezwa. Angifuni ukuhlala engenzi lutho, uJaba Konstantinovich ubuyele emsebenzini wokubhala. Ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, wavakashela eMoscow ngokushicilelwa kwezincwadi zakhe ezihunyushwe ngesiRashiya. Isela emthethweni lashona ngo-Mashi 4, 2003 kusukela ngesifo sohlangothi. Wangcwatshwa eTbilisi ensimini yeDubeube yabantu abadumile baseGeorgia.