Isimemezelo: izibonelo. Isimemezelo esiyimfanelo yisibonelo. Izibonakaliso ezibonisa - Izibonelo

Isimemezelo isigaba esikhethekile samagama abalulekile akhomba into ngaphandle kokuqamba igama. Ukugwema i-tautology enkulumweni, isikhulumi singasebenzisa isimemezelo. Izibonelo: Mina, owakho, ngubani, lokhu, wonke umuntu, okuningi, konke, mina, wami, omunye, omunye, ukuthi, ngandlela-thile, othile, into, njll.

Njengoba kubonakala ezibonisweni, izibizo zivame ukusetshenziselwa esikhundleni segama, futhi esikhundleni sesichasiselo, izinombolo noma izandiso.

Izimemezelo, ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba ngenani kuhambelana. Le ngxenye yenkulumo ihloselwe amagama. Ngamanye amazwi, izimemezelo zishintsha izibizo, izichasiso, izinombolo. Kodwa-ke, ukungaziwa kwezikhangiso kungukuthi, uma esikhundleni samagama, abatholi ukubaluleka kwabo. Ngokwesiko esasungulwe, kuphela amagama athiwa angabhekisela kwizibizo. Wonke amagama angaguquki abhekwa njengezandiso zesimemezelo.

Kule ngqikithi, izilinganiso zezimemezelo ngokwemigomo yezincazelo nezenzo zolimi zizokwethula, kanye nezibonelo zemisho lapho ezinye izimemezelo zisetshenziselwa khona.

Ithebula lesimemezelo ngesigaba

Izitayela zomuntu siqu	Mina, wena, thina, wena, yena, yena, yona, yona, yona
Isimemezelo sokubuya	Wena ngokwakho
Izitatimende ezinamandla	Wami, wakho, wethu, wakho, wakho
Izimemezelo zokubonisa	Lokhu, lokho, kanjalo, kanjalo, okuningi
Amabizo aqinisekisiwe	Yena, konke, konke, konke, noma yikuphi, okunye, okunye
Iziphakamiso ze-interrogative	Ubani, yini, yini, ngubani, obani, okungakanani, ukuthi yini
Izimpendulo ezihlobene	Ngubani, kanjani, kanjani, kanjani, ngubani, obani, okungakanani, ukuthi yini
Amazwi amabi	Akekho, akukho, akekho, akekho, akekho, akukho lutho
Izitatimende ezingenamkhawulo	Omunye, into, ezinye, ezinye, ezinye, ezinye, umuntu, umuntu, umuntu, into, ngandlela-thile, ezinye, ezinye

Ngokusho kwezici zesigama sezinhlamvu ezihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu:

1. Amagama okuqamba amagama.
2. Izichazamagama zokuqamba igama.
3. Amanani okuqamba amagama.

Izitayela zomuntu siqu

Amagama abonisa abantu nezinto ezibandakanya isenzo senkulumo zibizwa ngokuthi "izibizo zomuntu siqu". Izibonelo: Mina, wena, thina, wena, wena, yena, yona, yona, yona. Mina, wena, thina, ubeka abahlanganyeli ekukhulumeni kwenkulumo. Ubiza yena, yena, abahlanganyeli esenzweni sokukhuluma, abikwa kulesi sikhulumi njengabangewona abahlanganyeli esenzweni sokukhuluma.

• Ngiyazi ngalokho ofuna ukungitshela khona. (Umhlanganyeli wesenzo senkulumo, into.)
• Kufanele ufunde yonke into eqanjiwe ohlwini. (Okusho ukuthi isenzo sibhekiswe kuphi.)
• Sasiba neholidi elihle kulo nyaka! (Abahlanganyeli entweni yokukhuluma, izihloko.)
• Udlale ngokugcwele ingxenye yakho! (I-addressee, into lapho isikhalazo sibhekiswe kuso isenzo senkulumo.)
• Ukhetha isikhathi esithile sokuthula. (A non-participant isenzo senkulumo.)
• Ngokuqinisekile uzoya eMelika kulelihlobo? (A non-participant isenzo senkulumo.)
• Ngesikhathi sokuqala empilweni yabo bawela ngeparachute futhi baneliseke kakhulu. (A non-participant isenzo senkulumo.)

Ukunakwa! Izimemezelo zalo, zayo, kuye ngokuya komongo zingasetshenziswa kokubili esigabeni sokuzibandakanya, futhi esigabeni samagama esizimele.

Qhathanisa:

• Wayengekho esikoleni namuhla noma ekuqaleni kwesifundo noma sokugcina. - Ukusebenza kwakhe esikoleni esikoleni kuncike ekutheni uzoya esikoleni kangaki. (Emshweni wokuqala kuyisimemezelo somuntu siqu kuleso simo sokuhlukumezeka, emgqeni wesibili yisimemezelo esiphezulu.)
• Ngamcela ukuba agcine le ngxoxo phakathi kwethu. - Wagijima, izinwele zakhe zithuthukiswa emoyeni, futhi isithunzi sasilahleka futhi salahlekelwa yiyo yonke yesibili, sisuka futhi sichitha ekukhanyeni kosuku.
• Kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi baceliwe ukuba benze umculo uphumule. - Inja yabo ivame ukubamba amanga ebusuku, njengokungathi bafuna uhlobo oluthile lwensizi engenakubekezelela.

Isimemezelo sokubuya

Lesi sigaba sisho isimemezelo ngokwayo - sibonisa ubuso bezinto noma i-addressee, ekhonjwe nomdlali. Buyisela izimemezelo zomsebenzi zenza lo msebenzi. Imisho yesampuli:

• Ngangihlale ngicabanga ukuthi ngijabule kakhulu emhlabeni wonke.
• Uyaziqhenya njalo.
• Akathandi ukwenza amaphutha futhi athembele yena kuphela.

Ngingashiya le kitten ekhaya?

Izitatimende ezinamandla

Igama elibonisa ukuthi umuntu noma into ethile kumuntu noma into ethiwa yi "possessive pron". Isibonelo: wami, wakho, wethu, wakho, wakho. Izimemezelo eziningi zibonisa ukuthi zingabomuntu okhulumayo, i-interlocutor noma ongenzi iqhaza lesenzo sokukhuluma.

• Isinqumo sami ngaso sonke isikhathi sinembile kakhulu.
• Izifiso zakho zizogcwaliseka.
• Izinja zethu ziziphatha kabi ngokubhekisa abadlulayo.
• Ukukhetha kwakho kuzohlala kuwe.
• Ekugcineni ngathola isipho sami !
• Shiya imicabango yakho kuwe.
• Umuzi wami uyangilahla, futhi ngizizwa ngikukhumbula.

Amazwi afana naye, yena, angabenza njengesimemezelo somuntu siqu esimweni sokumangalela noma Isimemezelo esikhulu. Imisho yesampuli:

• Imoto yabo isemnyango. - Babengekho edolobheni iminyaka engu-20.
• Isikhwama sakhe sihlezi esihlalweni. - Wacelwa ukuba alethe itiye.
• Indlu yakhe iphakathi nendawo yedolobha. "Wenziwa indlovukazi kusihlwa."

Ukuba ngumuntu othile (into) eqenjini lezizinto kuboniswa nesimemezelo sezimpahla. Isibonelo:

• Uhambo lwethu oluhlangene luyokhunjulwa isikhathi eside!

Izimemezelo zokubonisa

Isiboniso igama lesibili, elinesimemezelo sokubonisa. Izibonelo: lena, leyo, eminingi kakhulu. Lawa magama ahlukanisa okunye noma into ethile (umuntu) kusuka kwezinye izinto ezifanayo, abantu noma izici. Lo msebenzi wenziwa yisimemezelo sokubonisa. Izibonelo:

• Leveli inobuciko kakhulu futhi inolwazi kunabo bonke engibafunde ngaphambilini. ( Lesi simemezelo sihlukanisa into eyodwa kusuka eziningana ezifanayo, kubonisa isici sale ndaba.)

Isimemezelo sibuye senze lo msebenzi.

• Lolu lwandle, lezi zintaba, lelilanga lizohlala likhumbula inkumbulo ekhanyayo.

Kodwa-ke, umuntu kufanele aqaphele ngencazelo yezingxenye zenkulumo futhi angadideki isimemezelo sokubonisa ngenhlayiyana!

Qhathanisa izibonelo zezimemezelo zokubonisa:

• Kwakuhle kakhulu! - Ingabe udlale indima yenzonyane esikoleni? (Esikhathini sokuqala, lesi yisimemezelo futhi senza indima yokwenziwa kwesimiso , esimweni sesibili kuyinhlayiyana futhi ayinayo indima yokwenza umusho.)
• Leyo ndlu idala kakhulu futhi inhle kunalokhu. (Isimemezelo sikhetha into, sikhomba kuso.)
• Akunjalo nalokhu okunye okwakungamfanelekile. (Isimemezelo esinjalo sisiza ukugxila kokunye kwezihloko eziningi.)
• Izikhathi eziningi wahamba phezu kwesigwebo esifanayo, futhi uphinde uphinda konke okusha. (Isimemezelo sigcizelela izenzo eziphindaphindiwe.)

Amabizo aqinisekisiwe

Izibonelo zesimemezelo: yena, iningi, konke, zonke, zonke, noma yiziphi, ezinye, ezinye . Lesi sigaba sihlukaniswe ngama-sub-clauses, ngasinye esinezikhangiso ezilandelayo:

1. Yona, izikhulu- izimemezelo, ezinomsebenzi we-excretory. Baphakamisa into ekhonjiwe, bayifake ngabanye.

• Umqondisi - u-Alexander Yaroslavovich - waya edilini elimenywe.
• Wanikezwa umsebenzi okhokhelwa kakhulu futhi ohloniphekile edolobheni lethu.
• Injabulo enkulu kakhulu ekuthandeni ukuthanda nokuthandwa.
• Inkosi yakhe yawela ukuze ngidumise.

2. Yonke isimemezelo esisho ububanzi bezimpawu zomuntu, into, noma isici.

• Umuzi wonke waqala ukubheka ukusebenza kwakhe.
• Yonke indlela yachitha ukuzisola nesifiso sokubuyela ekhaya.
• Isibhakabhaka sonke sasigcwele amafu, futhi kwakungekho nhlobo i-lumen ebonakalayo.

3. Wonke umuntu, wonke umuntu, noma yiziphi izikhangiso, echaza inkululeko yokuzikhethela ezifundweni eziningana, abantu noma izimpawu (uma kunikezwa, uma zikhona nhlobo).

• USemyon Semenovich Laptev uyinkosi yebhizinisi lakhe - wonke umuntu uzokutshela lokhu.
• Noma yimuphi umuntu uyakwazi ukufeza lokho akufunayo, into eyinhloko ukwenza imizamo futhi hhayi ukuvilapha.
• Wonke amaqabunga otshani, zonke izilwane eziphefumulayo, futhi lesi sifiso senjabulo sathunyelwa kimi nakakhulu nangaphezulu.
• Wonke amazwi awakhulume ngaye, kodwa akazange afune ukulungisa.

4. Okunye, ezinye - izimemezelo ezinamagugu okungewona ubunikazi kulokho okushiwo ekuqaleni.

• Ngakhetha indlela ehlukile eyafinyeleleka kimi.
• Cabanga nje, omunye endaweni yami uzokwenza okufanayo?
• Ngezinye izikhathi ufika ekhaya, ethule, adle futhi alele embhedeni, namuhla konke kwahluke ...
• Le ndoda yayinezinhlangothi ezimbili - enye engingayiboni.

Iziphakamiso ze-interrogative

Izibonelo zezimemezelo: ngubani, yini, yimuphi, yimuphi, obani, okungakanani, ukuthi yini.

Izimemezelo ze-interrogative zihlanganisa umbuzo wabantu, izinto noma izimo, izinto eziningi. Ekupheleni komusho, oqukethe isimemezelo sokubuza imibuzo, ngokuvamile uphawu lombuzo lufakwa.

• Ubani lo muntu owafika ezosibona namhlanje ekuseni?
• Uzokwenzenjani uma izivivinyo zasehlobo ziphela?
• Yini okufanele ibe isithombe somuntu ofanelekayo, futhi ucabanga kanjani?
• Ngumuphi kulaba bantu abathathu okwaziyo ukuthi kwenzekani ngempela?
• Iphothifoliyo yani lokhu?
• Kungakanani ingubo ebomvu owafika ngayo esikoleni izolo?
• Iyini isikhathi sakho ozithandayo sonyaka?
• Ubani ingane engibonile izolo egcekeni?
• Ucabanga ukuthi kufanele ngifake ubuhlakani bobuhlobo bomhlaba wonke?

Izimpendulo ezihlobene

Izibonelo zezimemezelo: ngubani, kanjani, kanjani, kanjani, yikuphi, obani, okungakanani, ukuthi yini .

Ukunakwa! Lezi zimemezelo zingenza konke kokubili okuyingxenye yesihlobo nendima yezimemezelo ze-interrogative, kuye ngokuthi isetshenziswe kumunye noma komunye umongo. Emgunyeni wegciwane (SPP), isisimeli esihlobene kuphela sisetshenziswa. Izibonelo:

• Ulungiselela kanjani ikhekhe lebhayisikili nge-cherry filling? "Ungitshele ukuthi upheka kanjani i-cherry pie."

Esimweni sokuqala, njengoba - isimemezelo, Unomsebenzi wokubuza imibuzo, okungukuthi, isihloko siphetha umbuzo othile isihloko kanye nendlela yokuthola. Esikhathini sesibili, lesi simemezelo sisetshenziswe njengesimemezelo esihlobene futhi sisebenza njengegama elixhuma phakathi kwemisho yokuqala neyesibili elula.

• Ubani owaziyo ukuthi umfula i-Volga uwelaphi? - Wayengazi ukuthi lo muntu ubani kuye, nokuthi yini engayilindele kuye.
• Yini okudingeka uyenze ukuze uthole umsebenzi omuhle? - Wayesazi ukuthi benzeni ukuze athole umsebenzi okhokhela phezulu.

Yini - isichazamazwi - isetshenziswe kokubili njengesihlobo futhi njengesimemezelo se-interrogative, kuye ngokuthi umongo.

• Sizokwenzenjani kulobubusuku? "Uthe namuhla kufanele sivakashele ugogo."

Ukuze unqume ngokunembile isigaba sezimemezelo, ukhetha phakathi kwesihlobo nesiphenyo, umuntu kufanele akhumbule ukuthi isimemezelo sokubuza imibuzo emgqatsini singashintshwa isenzo, igama, igama, ngokuya ngomongo. Isimemezelo sesihlobo asikwazi ukushintshwa.

• Yini oyifunayo ukuze udle tonight? "Ngingathanda i-vermicelli yokudla."
• Uthande umbala onjani? "Uthanda i-purple?"
• Ubani indlu? "Ingabe lena yindlu kamama?"
• Yiliphi i- akhawunti oyifunayo? - Uyishumi nanye emgqeni?
• Unamaphi ama- candies? "Unayo amaswidi ayisithupha?"

Isimo esifanayo nesimemezelo kunalokho. Qhathanisa izibonelo zezimemezelo ezihlobene:

• Ungenzenjani ngempelasonto? - Wakhohliwe ngokuphelele kunalokho Ufuna ukukwenza ngempelasonto. (Njengoba sibona, okwesibini okuhlukile kwesimemezelo kufakwe kwisigaba esilandelayo futhi wenza umsebenzi wokuxhuma phakathi kwezingxenye ezimbili zomusho wekhamera.)
• Wangena kanjani endlini yami izolo? - U-Anna Sergeyevna wayebukeka ebuza umfana futhi akaqondi ukuthi wangena kanjani endlini yakhe.
• Uzizwa kanjani ukuthi usezinkingeni? - Ngiyazi ngokwami ukuthi kunjani ukuqaphela ukuthi izinhlelo zakho ziwa ngokushesha futhi zingenakuqhathaniswa.
• Ngisiphi isikhathi engikucela ukuthi ungenzi futhi lokhu? - Usuvele ulahlekile ukubalwa, ngesikhathi esifanayo indodana yakhe yamlethela uthisha weklasi ukukhala.
• Imoto yakhe imiswe esangweni lendlu yami? - Wayelahlekelwa, ngakho wayengazi ukuthi umqondo wakhe ungubani ukuvusa ukulwa.
• Kubiza malini le kitten yasePheresiya? "Bamtshela ukuthi inani lezinyane elibomvu lasePheresiya lalifanele kangakanani."
• Ubani owaziyo ukuthi unyaka wathini impi yaseBorodino? - Abafundi abathathu baphakamisa izandla zabo: babesazi ukuthi yikuphi ukulwa kweBorodino kwenzeka ngonyaka.

Ezinye izazi ziphakamisa ukuhlanganisa izilimi ezinesixhumanisi nezimpendulo kwisigaba esisodwa futhi zibabiza ngokuthi "izibizo ezihlobene nezimpendulo". Izibonelo:

• Ubani lapha? "Akazange abone ukuthi ubani olapha."

Kodwa-ke, okwamanje akukho ukuvumelana okufinyelelekile okwamanje, futhi izigaba zezimemezelo ezibuzwayo nezihlobo ziqhubeka zikhona ngokwehlukana komunye nomunye.

Amazwi amabi

Izibonelo tabito: none, lutho, azikho, akekho, akekho, lutho. tabito Negative abe ukubaluleka ukuntula bantfu, tintfo, futhi abonisa izici zawo ezingezinhle.

• Akekho owayazi ukuthi kufanele ngenze abangayilindela kuye.
• Lutho ngangingenasithakazelo ukuze akwazi ukunikela kuleli bhizinisi ukuphila kwami konke.
• Ayikho izikweletu futhi ayikho imali awukwazanga ngimgcine ukuba baphume.
• inja Lonely egijima ngezansi komgwaqo, futhi kwakubonakala sengathi wayengakaze waba indlu yenkosi futhi ukudla okumnandi ekuseni; kwaba draw.
• Wazama izaba, kodwa Kwavela ukuthi kwenzeka ngokunembile ngokusuka kwakhe, futhi akekho kufanele asolwe.
• Wayefanele noluncú olusihlanganisa, ngakho wahamba kancane emvuleni esidlule amafasitela esitolo elikhanyayo wabukela izimoto ezidlulayo zingashayisani.

tabito nanini

Kusukela tabito interrogative noma isabizwana isihlobo kwakhiwa unomphela. Izibonelo: othile, into, abanye, abanye, abanye, umuntu, umuntu, umuntu, into njengoba into, noma yini. tabito nanini liqukethe inani okungaziwa, umuntu engaziwa noma into. Njengoba tabito nanini kukhona ulwazi olubalulekile ngenhloso ukucasha ukuthi isikhulumi akafuni ukubika ngqo.

izakhiwo okunjalo isabizwana nanini. Izibonelo siqhathaniso:

• Izwi kwamenyezwa ukuthi ebumnyameni, futhi angizange ngempela esiphethweni ukuze ezikabani: umuntu noma isilwane. (I yokuntula ulwazi kusukela isikhulumi.) - Lencwadi kwakungekho muntu kusuka mngane wami esahambile isikhathi eside edolobheni lethu futhi manje uyofika. (Ngamabomu ezifihlakele Imininingwane evela kubalaleli.)
• Okuthile Amazing kwenzeka ukuthi ebusuku: umoya waklebhula futhi iveze amahlamvu emithini, umbani kubaneka, futhi begwazwa esibhakabhakeni. (Kunalokho, singakha bamelele into efana ngokwencazelo yaleli tabito nanini:. Okuthile, into)
• Abanye babangane bami bacabanga Ngingumfana ndoda engajwayelekile futhi emangalisayo, Angazi ukubabela uhola imali eningi futhi bahlala emzini omncane endala phezu emaphethelweni esigodi. (Ibizo ezinye tabito ungayithola enye by okulandelayo :. Ezinye ambalwa)
• amabhangqa amaningana izicathulo, ubhaka futhi kwahlonywa itende belilokhu phama walindela ukuba bahlanganyele futhi uhambe kakhulu, kude edolobheni. (Isihloko awucacisanga inombolo yezinto uyifingqa inombolo.)
• Othile ungitshele ungazise olitholile esegama kodwa ungafuni ukubona ukuthi e. (Ekhuluma ngokukhethekile ukufihla yiluphi ulwazi mayelana umuntu.)
• Uma ukhona oke wambona lo muntu, sicela uyibike amaphoyisa!
• Ukhona owaziyo ukuthi babekhuluma uNatasha Rostov futhi Andrey Bolkonsky at ibhola?
• Uma ubona okuthile okuthakazelisayo, ungakhohlwa ukubhala phansi izinto encwadini.
• Ezinye izikhathi lapho kutadishwa ngolimi lwesiNgisi babe engaqondakali kimi, ngabe sengibona emuva eemfundweni esidlule futhi wazama ukudlula futhi. (Yokucasha ngamabomu kolwazi isikhulumi.)
• Abanye imali lasala esikhwameni sami, kodwa angizange ukukhumbula ukuthi zingaki. (Ukungabi kolwazi ngendaba isikhulumi.)

isigaba lolimi izabizwana

tabito ineluhlelo zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu:

1. Ibizo ibizo.
2. isiphawulo Pronominal.
3. tabito inani.

tabito Ibizo kukhona tabito esithweni ezinjalo, njenge: siqu, iphendule, interrogative, negative, yawo. Konke lokhu esithweni ezindaweni zawo phakathi kwezakhi zolimi kufaniswa amabizo. Nokho emabito pronominal anezici ezithile, okuyinto engazange isabizwana. izibonelo:

• Ngifika kini. (Kulokhu, ubulili bendoda, esiye kuchazwa sento lesengcile a null-inqanyuliwe). - Uphume kimi. (Rhode kunqunywa ekupheleni igama eliyisenzo elithi "ukuza" - the isifazane . Sikhatsi lesengcile)

Njengoba ubona esibonelweni, abanye tabito bancishwa isigaba ubulili. Kulokhu, ungakwazi ukubuyisela uhlobo logic, esekelwe isimo.

Okunye tabito lezicagogo babe isigaba ubulili, kodwa akubonisi ubuhlobo wangempela abantu nezinto. Ngokwesibonelo, esebenzisa isabizwana esithi, ngubani njalo kuhlangene kwesenzo wesilisa lesengcile.

• Laba besifazane abasebenzele u yokuqala wavakashela emkhathini?
• Ubani akufihlekile, angimubi.
• Wayazi ababeyoba inselele olandelayo isandla sakhe senhliziyo.

Ibizo esetshenziswa nemabito okungenabulili lesengcile.

• Yini uvunyelwa ukwenza lesi senzo?
• Akazange usola ukuthi endaweni ethile kungaba into efana indaba yakhe.

Isabizwana it has izinhlobo ejwayelekile, kodwa uhlanga lapha njengoba oluthile ngezigaba, kodwa hhayi njengoba nominative.

tabito Isiphawulo kukhona sekukhomba, determinative, interrogative, isihlobo, negative, tabito nanini. Bonke ukuphendula embuzweni othi kuyini? futhi wafanisa isiphawulo ezakhiweni zalo. Sinenkosi ifomu engaphansi lwenombolo kanye icala.

• Lona ukudlala tiger cub ezu.

tabito inani kukhona tabito kakhulu ngendlela ambalwa. Ukufaniswa kwabo igama ukhadinali e ukubaluleka ngokuhlanganyela amabizo.

• Zingaki izincwadi ufunda kuleli hlobo?
• amathuba Ngakho abaningi manje kwaba okwami!
• Eziningana ashisayo ophaya ugogo kwesokunxele kimi.

Isexwayiso! Nokho, lihambisana nesenzo njengoba tabito, njengoba abanye ezisetshenziswa njengeziwusizo nezandiso.

• Kungakanani lo ihembe orange?
• Abaningi ukuchitha kuphela eholidini.
• Ngacabanga kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ukuphila futhi yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo.