Yiziphi izinhlangano kanye nama-gerunds, izici zabo ezihlukile nezixhumi

Kusukela ngosuku lwesikole, sikhumbula ukuthi yiziphi izinhlangano kanye nama-gerund. Imfihlakalo yalezi zingxenye zenkulumo ayikwazi ukushiwo: umbuzo wendawo yawo ku-morphology yolimi lwesiRashiya awukaxazululiwe. Izici eziyinhloko, izici kanye nokungafani kuxoxwe ngazo esihlokweni sethu.

Ama-verbatim formations

Isiphetho salezi zingxenye zenkulumo asaziwa. Esifundweni sesimanje samabanga esikoleni, kuye ngokuthi umbhali wezinselelo zemfundo nezokuziphatha, umqondo walokho okubambe iqhaza kanye nokubandakanya izikhangiso kuhunyushwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Abanye abalobi, njengoRazumovskaya, ngokufanele babheka ukuthi yizifomu eziyingqayizivele zesenzo. Ngokungangabazeki, kukhona isabelo seqiniso kulokhu, ngoba ama-participles kanye nama-gerund awakhiwa kusukela esenzweni.

Noma kunjalo, uBabaytseva, umbhali we-UMK owaziwayo, ubheka njengezingxenye ezizimele ngokuphelele zokukhuluma, enesici esiyinkimbinkimbi yezinto ezihlukile.

Zombili lezi zinguqulo zinelungelo lokuba khona, zinengqondo futhi ngayinye yazo ingavunyelwa ngendlela yayo.

Lokhu kuyimfihlakalo enjalo, isiRashiya. Ukudla kanye nama-gerunds amafomu akhethekile enza inkulumo yethu ibe namandla futhi ibe nemibala.

Inzuzo nge-Ukudla

Noma iyiphi ingxenye yenkulumo iphawuleka ngendlela yayo. Futhi yiziphi izinhlaka kanye ne-gerunds, benzani emshweni okhethekile, okunye okunye okunye okukhulunywa ngakho? Isici sabo esiqakathekileko sokwehlukanisa inzuzo. Lokhu kwenzeka uma omunye wabo enamazwi athembekile.

Isibonelo: Intombazane ehamba ensimini yasehlobo, ihlonipha isimo . Uma sicabangela ngokucophelela lesi siphakamiso, sizobona ukuthi kusukela ekuhlanganyeleni "ukuhamba" ungabuza umbuzo "kuphi?". Impendulo iyinkulumo ethi "phezu kwensimu ehlobo." Lokhu kusho ukuthi sinokuphenduka okubambe iqhaza. Kungcono kakhulu futhi kuhle kakhulu ukusebenzisa ukuphenduka kunokuphindaphinda igama elithi "okuyinto" engunaphakade.

Ungakhohlwa ukubeka ama-commas uma i- turn participant ilandela igama layo eliqunyiwe (nansi "intombazane"). Ekuhlaziyweni kwe-syntactic kukhona umbuzo: ukuthi ungagcizelela kanjani? Lapha konke kulula: sibuza umbuzo kusuka egameni elichazwe: (intombazane) ngani? Ilungu lesibili lesiphakamiso liyaphendula, incazelo eyaziwa sonke. Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukugcizelela ukuphenduka konke nge-wavy line.

Esikhathini lapho inzuzo ihamba phambili ngaphambi kwegama layo elinqunyiwe, konke kuhlukile. Asikho isidingo sokubeka ama-commas. Umsebenzi wokwenza umsebenzi wenzuzo enjalo uhlukile - ingxenye ngayinye yenkulumo kuwo igcizelelwe ngokuzimela.

Inzuzo yokubamba iqhaza

Kuye, isimo sihlukile. Okokuqala, i-gerundive ngokwayo ayikwazi ukuqukatha noma yiliphi igama elixhomekile, kodwa, noma kunjalo, lizokwabiwa ngama-commas. Izilimi zibiza ngokuthi zodwa.

Isibonelo: Ngaphandle kokungabaza, wagijimela endlini evuthayo ukusindisa abantu.

Njengoba sibona, i-gerundive ifana kakhulu nencazelo yesi-dialect (lapha iphendula umbuzo othi "kanjani?"). Ungakwazi ukuyibeka esikhundleni salesi sigaba senkulumo: Ngokushesha wagijimela endlini evuthayo ukuze asindise abantu.

Njengokuthi umzalwane-uthatha inhlanganyelo, i-gerundive ingakwazi ukuzitholela amagama ngokwawo futhi ngaleyo ndlela yenze ijika. Njengoba kulesi sigwebo ngaso sonke isikhathi senza indima eyodwa kuphela, ngokuvamile kuthiwa yinto ehlukile. Ngezimpawu zokubhala izimpawu lapha awukwazi ukuhlakanipha kakhulu: ama-commas ahlale efakwa. Futhi awudingi ukubheka igama elitholakala ngokuphathelene nale nzuzo.

Isibonelo: Ngaphandle kokuqeda umsebenzi wakhe wesikole, uMisha waya ukuhamba.

Kusukela kuma-gerund "engakagcwaliseki" sizobuza umbuzo othi "yini?" Futhi uthole impendulo - "umsebenzi wesikole". Ngaphambi kwethu inguquko ehlukaniswe yi-gyre.

Iziqu zokubamba iqhaza nezenzo zomlomo

Ukubunjwa kwamagama kwengxenye ngayinye yenkulumo kufundiswa izingane zesikole, kusukela ebangeni lesihlanu. Abanye babo (isibonelo, igama nesichasiselo) banezindlela eziningana zokwakha amagama amasha: hhayi kuphela isiqalo nesisulu, kodwa ukufaka nokufingqa. Ngokuhlanganyela kanye ne-gerund yonke into elula: indlela yabo eyisisekelo yokwakheka kwezwi yisixhumi. Kungenxa yale morpheme esibahlukanisa nabo kwezinye izingxenye zenkulumo.

Ukwazi ukuthi yikuphi okubandakanyekayo kanye ne-gerunds, khumbula ukuthi izixhumi ngeke zibe nzima. Udinga ukwazi imithetho embalwa elula. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi labo ababambe iqhaza bahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu: okwangempela futhi okungahleliwe.

Ekuhlanganyeleni okusebenzayo okwamanje, izixhumi ziyi: yush / yusch (ukudansa, ukucula), a / yasch (ukumemeza, ukuhamba) .

Ku-passive - em- (ukungabaza), -om- (ukhangwa), im (othembekile).

Lapho labo ababambe iqhaza besesimweni esidlule, sizokwahlukanisa ngokuvumelana nesibambiso.

Kuphumelele. : -w- (uthenge), w (ukhulile).

Izwe langempela. : - m- (oqoshiwe), -en- (e-scrolled), -nn- (kulinganiswa).

Into eyinhloko okufanele uyenze ukucacisa kahle ingxenye yenkulumo. Khona-ke izixhumi zezinhlanganyelo kanye ne-gerunds kulula ukuzikhumbula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zifana nomunye nomunye.

Ku-gerunds, ayikho isigaba sokubambisana, ihluke kuphela ngesikhathi. Qhubeka Bhala ukubuyekeza Hambisa ukubuyekeza Ukubuyekeza kwami Buyekeza kusukela ku- Izibuyekezo Ukuba usizo Okusha kakhulu Isilinganiso Ukuba usizo Zonke izinhlobo Zonke izinhlobo Uhlobo lwakamumva Bhala ukubuyekeza Isikhathi esiphuthumayo: -ukuthi (ngokwenza) -ngakho (engazi).

Isiphetho

Izigcawu zezingxenye zokuhlanganyela kanye ne-gerund zikhunjulwa kalula ngokusebenza. Kwanele ukwenza izivivinyo eziningana ngalesi sihloko ukulungisa isipelingi sabo. Naphezu kobunzima obubonakalayo bala mafomu, ngeke kube nzima nakakhulu kulabo abafunda ngokucophelela lo mthetho.