UJeanne d'Arc: le biography mfushane, umlando wokuphila kanye nempumelelo

Ubuningi bomlando obudumile uJeanne d'Arc, obunomlando (umlando omfushane) oqala ngekhulu le-15 leminyaka, kubhekwa njengophawu lokukhululeka nobukhulu bomuntu. Intombazane yazalwa edolobheni laseDomremi cishe ngo-1412 emndenini kaJacques d'Arc nomkakhe u-Isabella. Ngaphandle kukaJeanne, kwakukhona ezinye izingane emndenini wezilwane. Kubo bonke abafowabo nodadewabo, lo mfana ongu-heroine waba abangane abaningi nodadewabo omdala uCatherine, owagcina eshadile futhi ngokushesha washona esemncane.

Indlu ka-D'Arcs yema phakathi kwendawo, eduze kakhulu nesonto lendawo. Kwase kudlula isikhathi, uyise kaJeanne wayephethe ihhovisi elikhethiwe lomfundisi womphakathi futhi, ngakho-ke, abantu bakuleli dolobha laseDomremi bayakwazisa futhi bayihlonipha. Abalimi abaningi balalela uJacques d'Arc njengendoda ehlakaniphile nehlakaniphile.

UJeanne d'Arc: i-biography emfushane yabantwana besikole

Uhlobo luni lomntwana kwakunguJeanne? Intombazane kusukela esemncane yayivame ukuzizwa ilungu lomndeni womuntu ohlonishwayo futhi ilwela ukuhambisana nesimo sikayise. UJeanne osemusha wasiza unina endlini, wafunda ukupheka, futhi walalela ngokujabula izindaba zabazali bakhe mayelana nentombazane enhle eyayingasindisa umuzi wayo. Kuzo zonke izinsuku zokuphila kwakhe eDomremy, uJeanne wabona ukuvutha kwemililo eminingi, ukukhala kwamanye abantu endaweni yakithi futhi ngobuqotho bakholelwa ukuthi i-Orleans Virgin, eyayifikile ukubikezela amakhulu eminyaka ngaphambili, yayiyokhulula amazwe abo. Ngokusho komlando, lesi sambatho sasiyi- magician Merlin, uhlamvu oluthandwayo lwezinganekwane eziningi namathekisthi e-chivalric. Kuzo zonke izibikezelo kanye nezinganekwane zeminyaka edlule, uJoan of Arc ukholelwa ngokwethembeka. I-biography emfushane yabantwana ihlanganisa amaqiniso abalulekile mayelana ne-biography yentombazane. Futhi lezi zenzakalo zomlando zifana kakhulu nezinganekwane ezihlobene ne-Orleans Virgin.

Jeanne d'Arc: biography, summary

Kuvame ukukholelwa ukuthi unyaka wokuzalwa kwe-heroine encane i-1412, kodwa usuku lukaJanuwari 6, 1409 lukhonjisiwe kulo mbhalo ngokunikezelwa kwabangcwele. Wakhetha ukuzibiza ngokuthi "uJeanne the Virgin" kunokuba uJeanne d'Arc. Eminyakeni yokuqala, i-heroine encane emndenini yayivame ukubizwa ngokuthi uJeanette.

Lapho eneminyaka engu-13 ubudala, uJeanne wezwa ekhanda lakhe izwi likaMngameli omkhulu uMichael, owatshela ukuthi alalele indaba yakhe futhi amukele isiphetho sakhe. Ngokwesambulo sikaMichael, kwakunguJeanne owayengu-Orleans Virgin, futhi kuphela owakwazi ukukhulula i-Orleans eyakhiwe, ngaleyo ndlela uxoshe bonke abaphikisi.

Lapho intombazane eneminyaka engu-17 ubudala, waya kumphathi womuzi ngaphandle kokungabaza. Ngaleso sikhathi waqashelwa uVokuler Baudricour, owayehleka usulu indaba yentombazane ukuthi kufanele ukuthi ivikela umhlaba wabo. Noma kunjalo, uZhanna akayekanga futhi kakade okwesibili wamukelwa phakathi kwakhe. Umphathi wamaphoyisa wamyala ukuba amnike amanye amaqhawe, ngemuva kokuba le ntombazane ibike ukuthi ukunqotshwa kwamaFrench ase-Orleans. UJeanne wakhetha ukugqoka izingubo zempi, ephikisana naye ukuthi uzizwa ekhululekile futhi enamandla. Kanye noJeanne baya empini, ama-knights akhe amabili amahle kakhulu - uJean de Metz noBertrand de Pulange.

Izenzo zamasosha

Ngempela u-heroine omkhulu nomfel 'ukholo uMnuz Zhanna Dark, umlando wakhe omfushane wemicimbi yezempi uqala ngokuvinjezelwa kwe-Orleans, wayengowesifazane ongaziwa. Ngokusho kwedatha yemlando, ngo-March 1429, i-heroine encane yafika eDauphin, isimemezela ukuthi isiphetho sakhe sasizimisele ngamandla aphezulu futhi sabikezela ukunqoba kwayo. Ngakho-ke, wacela ibutho ukuthi liphakamise ukuvinjezelwa kusuka e-Orleans. Bonke abakhona, le ntombazane yashaywa ulwazi olungavamile lwezindaba zezempi kanye nobuqili bokugibela. UDauphin Karl washidika isikhathi eside, kodwa emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa zokuzindla wavuma ukunikeza uJeanne ibutho ukuze athole isithembiso sokuthi kufanele aqinisekise amandla akhe amakhulu ukuthi ubuqiniso bakhe namalungelo afanayo esihlalweni sobukhosi. Abantu abaningi babengabaza ukuthi uKarl uyindlalifa esemthethweni, ukuthi wayengesabi ukukhuluma ngokuqondile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva kokuhlelwa kwenkosi, izikhali ezikhethekile nezikhali zakwaqhawe elinjengoJeanne d'Arc zaqala ukwenza. I-Biography, umlando omfushane wentombazane ukhona lokuthi empilweni yakhe wayevikela abantu bakhe, amazwe akhe futhi wenza konke okusemandleni akhe kulokhu. Wanqoba izazi-mlando eziningi ngesibindi, isibindi nokukholwa okungavamile ekunqobeni kwakhe.

Ukuhlaselwa kwe-Orleans

Iphuzu elilandelayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwezempi kwakunguBlois, lapho uJeanne ayevele elinde ibutho lakhe. Izindaba ezinhle zokuthi ukuvukela kwabo kuholwa intombazane ethunyelwe ngamandla aphakeme aphefumulelwe ukuqiniseka nokuqiniseka emasosha. Ngenxa yokuhlaselwa isikhathi eside izinsuku ezingu-4, i-heroine encane isusa ukuvinjelwa kwe-Orleans. Abaphathi abaningi ngaleso sikhathi babecabanga ukuthi umkhankaso wokukhulula ama-Orleans aseBrithani cishe awunakwenzeka.

Ukusebenza kwezempi kwaphela kuze kufike entwasahlobo ka-1430. Kodwa-ke, inkantolo yasebukhosini ayithandi i-heroine encane futhi kuzo zonke izindlela ezazama ukuhlanganisa umphakathi ngokumelene naye. Ngemuva kwesikhathi eside basakwazi ukukwenza. Ngenxa yezenzo zabadayisi abakhohlisayo, uJoan of Arc usolwa ngokukhaphela, ngenxa yalokho athunjwa yiNgisi, lapho eboshelwe khona embhoshongweni waseRouen.

Amacala

Icala le-heroine laqala ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaFebruwari 1431. Ngokomqulu, uJoan waseArc wahlulelwa isonto lendawo, wamangalela ngobuqili nobufakazi bamanga bamandla aphezulu. Nokho, ngaso sonke isikhathi wayeboshiwe esitokisini wayegcinwa ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kweBrithani, njengesiboshwa sempi. Akafihli isithakazelo sakhe embangela we heroine nombhishobhi waseNgilandi Koshon, kanye nohulumeni wezwe uqobo. Uhulumeni waseNgilandi ukhokhele ngokugcwele zonke izindleko nezindleko ezihlobene ne-Orleans Virgin. UJeanne d'Arc, i-biography impilo yakhe emfushane eyayixhomeke esinqumweni saseBrithani, yalwa kuze kube sekugcineni futhi ikholelwa emandleni aphezulu.

Ukuphenywa nokuthunjwa

I-biography emfushane kaJoan wase-Arc ebangeni lesi-6 ihlanganisa izinto eziphathelene nokuboshwa kwakhe embhoshongweni waseRouen kanye neminye imibuzo. Ngesikhathi sonke esichithwa ekuthunjweni, intombazane yayihlekwa usulu, ishaywa futhi ihlazekile, ngaleyo ndlela ibonisa isimo sayo sengqondo ngesiprofetho sayo "samanga". Iningi labantu baseNgilandi lalibheka ukuthi lingumfakazi wamanga futhi liyi-traitor ezweni lakubo.

Ukubulawa kukaJoan wase-Arc

Kodwa-ke, naphezu kokuhlukunyezwa nezinsongo eziningi, uJoan waseArc akazange aphule futhi akazange avume icala lakhe. Isigwebo - isigwebo sokufa - ngaphandle kokuvuma icala lommangali wenza le ntombazane emehlweni abo bantu bayo bafel 'ukholo. Kusukela lo mfana omncane engakwazi ukufunda, abahluleli bakhetha ukukhohlisa, bamshiya ngesignesha yamaphepha asolwa ngokukhululwa kwakhe babuyele ezweni lakubo. Eqinisweni, kwakukhona isitifiketi sokuqeda ngokuphelele ukubikezela kwabo nokuvuma izono. Ngakho-ke, intombazane yona isayine isigwebo.

Ngo-May 30, 1431, le ntombazane yashiswa ephila esigcawini se-Old Market eRouen. Ngokusho kwedatha yemlando, umlotha wayo wahlakazeka phezu kweSeine. UJeanne d'Arc, i-biography emlandweni wakhe omfushane owawuqedile kakhulu, uwuphawu lwesibindi kwabaningi bethu.