Ziyini izizathu zokushintshela kwinqubomgomo yokubambisana kwabantu abaningi? Ingabe bekufanelekile ukuziphatha nhlobo

Kuze kube manje, izazi-mlando azikwazi ukuza nombono ofanayo ngokubambisana ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaStalinist. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi ngenxa yalokho, iRussia yakwazi ukuhamba ngendlela yokuthuthukiswa eminyakeni embalwa nje, lapho ezinye izifunda ezidinga amashumi eminyaka. Abanye bathi ukuhlukana nemigomo ye-capitalism, izinhlelo ezingenakwenzeka kanye nenqubomgomo eqinile yeziphathimandla kwaholela ekutheni amazinga okukhiqizwa nokusebenza kwanamuhla akuhambisani nalokho okuyiqiniso, ngoba abantu abahlukumezekile babenandaba nabo.

Izizathu eziyinhloko ezashukumisa iziphathimandla ukuba zikhethe indlela yokubambisana

Ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo eRussia kwakuncike kakhulu emuva kwezinkomba ezivela kubaholi bezwe. Kusobala ukuthi lokhu kwaphazamisa izinga jikelele lokuthuthukiswa kombuso omkhulu. Uma izinkinga zokubuyiselwa emuva kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezinga eliphansi lokukhiqiza kwezolimo azixazululwanga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izwe lingase lihlale ekhulwini le-19 ngokwezinga lezokuthuthukiswa, okungukuthi, lahle ngemuva kweNtshonalanga iminyaka eyikhulu. Phela, ngisho nokukhiqizwa kokusanhlamvu okudayiswa yizo zonke izinkomba kwakungakhethi ngokwanele.

Uma kuphakama lo mbuzo mayelana nezizathu zokushintshwa komgomo wokubambisana kwabantu abaningi, kufanelekile ukukhumbula umkhankaso wokuthengwa kwempahla ka-1927-28, owathi, ngokuvumelana nazo zonke izici, wahlupheka, ngoba yilo kanye isizathu esasiyisizathu sokuletha inqubomgomo yokubambisana kwabantu abaningi. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele isimo sengqondo sokuxhumanisa okuqondiswayo "emakilasini" ahlukene. Ngokusho kweqembu leStalin, imiphumela yokubambisana kwakufanele ibe nesifiso esikhulu, ngoba abalimi babonakala nje njengomsizi eklasini labasebenzi, lapho kwakungekho ukusetshenziswa okuncane. Ngakho-ke, akekho ozozisola ngakho, yonke inqubo kwakudingeka igcwaliswe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, besebenzisa izindlela ezinobudlova, okuyizikhathi eziningi ezizilungele zona.

Umqondo wokubambisana emehlweni eziphathimandla kanye nabantu

Amandla, ukubambisana, ngokufingqiwe, kwakungeyona into nje yokudala imishini eqinile, eqinile yezolimo, eyakwazi ukufeza izinhlelo ezihleliwe ngendlela encane kakhulu yokufeza izinga lokuthuthukiswa.

Kubantu abavamile, ukuqoqwa kwakuwumqondo oqinile, ongenqunyelwe ukutshala kokuhlanganiswa kokubambisana, okwakungekho emakhaya amaningi asepulazini ayengathandi ngoba iminyaka eqoqwe impahla, izilwane, amasheya kwadingeka ukuba kubekwe ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwabanye abantu, ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa ukuthi kubuyiselwa noma ukuthola isiteleka Inzuzo.

Izazi-mlando eziningi ezizindla ngombuzo walokho okubangela ukuguquka komgomo wokubambisana kwabantu, ngokusho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi uma isivuno ngo-1927-28 sasiphakeme, isivuno sokuvuna asizange siphume izikhathi eziyisishiyagalombili, mhlawumbe, sinobudlova Izindlela ngeke zisetshenziswe ngendlela enjalo.

Isinqumo senziwe futhi kumele sisebenze

Kwakuyi-Congress yeshumi nanhlanu yeCPSU (B.) Ukuqoqwa kwemisebenzi kwashunyayelwa umsebenzi oyinhloko. Sashukunyiswa ukuba senze izithembiso zethu zezinzuzo, ukusikeka kwentela, ngokushesha futhi emhlabeni jikelele, kufanele zinikeze ochwepheshe abaphambili ngemishini ephezulu kakhulu. Futhi uma ekuqaleni ukuqoqwa kwamabutho kwakusekuzithandela, ngakho-ke ngo-1929 igama elithi "ubudlova" lanezelwa kulo mqondo.

Izinhloso

Ukuze uqonde ngokugcwele ukuthi yiziphi izizathu zokushintshela kwinqubomgomo yokubambisana kwabantu abaningi, kuyafaneleka ukuqonda imigomo esemqoka ebekiwe.

1) Amadolobha akhula ngokushesha, kwakudingeka ahlinzekwe ngezindleko zemali yasemaphandleni. Kodwa izinga labo lokuthuthukiswa nokuphumelela ukufeza lo mgomo bephansi kakhulu.

2) Kwahlelwa ukuthi eminyakeni yokuqala imiphumela yokubambisana, okungukuthi, ukwandiswa kokungenwa kokusanhlamvu, kuzokuvumela ukuhlanza kabusha ukulima, kodwa futhi nenqubo yokukhiqiza izwe.

I-Dekulakization. Izingoko

Ukukhushulwa kwamapulazi asezindaweni zasemaphandleni kwadlula ngokuchitha igazi nezinyembezi. Abantu abaye bakwazi ukufinyelela ezindaweni ezithile ekuthuthukiseni umnotho wabo babengafuni ukulahlekelwa impahla yabo, izilwane noma imishini "ngaphansi kwephiko lamapulazi ahlangene," kodwa abahlosile ukuthatha imibono nezifiso zabo. Akuzange kusize futhi intela ephezulu, izimo zezikweletu eziqinile. Imihlangano yokulwa namapulazi, eyaqala entwasahlobo ka-1930, yathumela ukucindezelwa okuncane ezivela eziphathimandla zendawo, abalimi baqala ukuhamba emapulazini ahlangene, kodwa ngekwindla ukuhlanganiswa kwaqala kabusha ngamandla amasha ngezobudlova.

Akuyona nje into ekulindeleke, ukubambisana kwalethela imiphumela. Iminyaka esetshenziselwa ekudaleni imishini yokuhlanganiswa kwezolimo, yajika abantu baba izisebenzi ezingenandaba, umphumela wawo wawungefani nokuthuthuka. Naphezu kokuba inani lemfuyo lalinganiselwe kakhulu, izinga lokukhiqiza lawela, ukuthengiswa kwesinkwa kwanda futhi ngenxa yalokho, kwafika indlala ka-1932-33.

Manje, lapho impendulo yombuzo wokuthi yiziphi izizathu zokushintshela kwinqubomgomo yokubambisana kwabantu kucacile, lokhu kulandelayo kuphakama: "Kungani iziphathimandla zingathandi ukubona ukuthi umbono wabo wawungaphumeleli, ngoba ngaphandle kokugqugquzela ukuthuthukiswa komnotho, kwakungeke kube khona?"