Isivumelwano se-Maastricht

I-Maastricht Treaty yayibaluleke kakhulu endabeni yokuhlanganiswa kwezombangazwe zezwe laseYurophu. Usayinwe ngo-1992, ngoFebruwari 7, eNetherlands.

1989-90 kwakunzima kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Germany efisa ukuhlanganiswa yayisolwa ngokungazinaki izithakazelo zomakhelwane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uMargaret Thatcher (uNdunankulu waseBrithani) wabonisa ukukhathazeka mayelana namaHalimane angase ahlale ephakathi kweYurophu. Ngemuva kokuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwensimu yaseJalimane kuzohlala abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye. Inhloko yeKhabhinethi yaseNgisi yabesaba ukubusa kwamaJalimane kwezinye izizwe. UFrancois Mitterand (uMongameli waseFrance) naye akajabuli kakhulu ngokubunjwa kwezwe elikhulu emngceleni osempumalanga wezwe lakhe. Ngakho-ke, okudingekayo ekudaleni i-European Union kwavela.

Ngomqondo wokuhlanganisa amazwe, uFrancois Mitterand noHelutut Kohl (uCancellor waseJalimane) basebenza kakhulu. Ngo-1992, uChansela waseJalimane wasekela ngokusayinwe ukubhaliswa kweSivumelwano saseMaastricht enhlanganweni ye-Christian Democratic Union. UHelut Kohl uthe ukuthuthukiswa kweJalimane kuncike kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni kweYurophu, njengoba iJalimane iphakathi nendawo yezwekazi.

ISivumelwano se-Maastricht esayinwe asihlinzekisi nje kuphela ubunye bamazwe emkhakheni wezombusazwe. Kwakudingeka ukuthi idale inyunyana yemali. Lokhu kusho ukuthi hhayi kuphela umnotho ongashadile we-EU oyokwakhiwa, kodwa futhi nezinqubomgomo zangaphandle nezokuphepha. Ngakho-ke, kwakukhona isidingo sokusungula okushiwo "uNgqongqotjhe wezindaba zangaphandle ze-EU".

Isivumelwano se-Maastricht sanikezela (ngemuva kwalokho) ubuzwe obulodwa kubo bonke abantu abahlala emazweni ase-EU. Ngokuqondene nesakhiwo sangaphakathi samandla, kufanele sihambisane nemigomo yentando yeningi.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isinqumo sokusungula i-unit eyodwa yezimali "euro" siye sabangela ukusabela okuqinile kuhulumeni wamazwe amaningi. Amazwe ayesaba ukuthi, ngokulahlekelwa yizimali zabo zezwe, bezofika ekunqothulweni kwezomnotho kanye nokwehla kwamandla emali.

Kodwa-ke, ngo-1996, iJalimane ihlongoze ukufeza izinyathelo zokuqinisekisa isiyalo esiqinile sezimali futhi sihloselwe ukuvimbela ukukhushulwa okwedlulele kwisikweletu semali. Njengoba umkhuba weminyaka elandelayo ubonisiwe, zonke lezi zinyathelo zabonakala zisebenza kahle ekugcineni ibhalansi yesifundazwe emazweni amaningi aseYurophu.

Izingxoxo mayelana nokusayina kwesivumelwano esisha zithonywe yizehlakalo eziseMpumalanga Yurophu. I-USSR yeka ukuphela (ngo-1991). Amazwe amaningi aseMpumalanga Yurophu aqala ukwakha isimo senkululeko yentando yeningi ngisho nangaphambi kokuwa kweSoviet Union, efuna ukujoyina i-EU ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

I-Maastricht Treaty yaqala ukusebenza ngo-1993, ngoNovemba. Ibizwa ngokuhambisana negama lomuzi lapho lisayinwe khona.

Wonke umuntu uyazi ngokukhona kwe- European Union . Kuze kube yimanje, lena ingenye yemiphakathi esemqoka emhlabeni. Lapha kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi yiziphi amazwe eziyingxenye ye-European Union. Namuhla kunezigaba ezingamashumi amabili nesikhombisa: iRomania, iBulgaria, i-Estonia, i-Czech Republic, iSlovenia, iSlovakia, i-Poland, iMalta, iLithuania, iLatvia, iCyprus, iHungary, i-Sweden, i-Finland, i-Austria, iSpain, iPortugal, i-Greece, i-Ireland, i-Denmark, i-Great Britain, i-France, i-Netherlands , Luxembourg, Italy, eJalimane, eBelgium.

Izinhlinzeko zomthetho wesivumelwano se-Maastricht zanikeza inani elithile lomkweletu womphakathi kwanoma yimuphi umbuso we-EU (angabi ngaphezu kuka-60% we-GDP), kanti ukulahlekelwa kwesabelomali akufanele kube ngaphezu kuka-3% weGDP. Ukwehla kwamandla emali akufanele kudlulele izinga lokunyuka kwamazinga emazweni amathathu anompawu ophansi kakhulu.