Fedor Apraksin: Biography, imiklomelo, inkonzo yomphakathi

Emlandweni Russian, le ndoda owayeyilungu imvelo wendawo sikaPeter Omkhulu, ukhunjulwa njengomunye umkhuzi abanamakhono oluhle ngemikhumbi yempi, futhi njengoba umphathi abanekhono. Fedor Apraksin ngokuphelele kufanele iwine isicoco Admiral futhi Jikelele njengoba umongameli ibhodi Admiralty. Wakhe Merit Akuve: nguye kanye nenkosi iqhaza kudalwa Russian imikhumbi. It Fedor Apraksin iwine uchungechunge izimpi ezweni nasolwandle, eyayintula ukubaluleka zamasu. Yayiyini ephawulekayo Biography of the edumile Admiral Jikelele? Cabanga ngalo mbuzo kabanzi.

umsuka

Apraksins Sekuyisikhathi eside ayeba esiyilungelo isikhundla emphakathini. Imithombo ngowokuqala okunokwethenjelwa ukuphathwa kwegama labo yokuqala isigamu yekhulu le-17. Emuva ngo-1617 ukhokho kanye namesake umkhuzi wamabutho asolwandle Fyodor Apraksin kwaba umabhalane oda yaseKazan Palace. Wabuye e 1634 wakhonza njengephayona umabhalane Boris Lykov, abeza ngo-umthetho Tsar Mikhail Romanov. Fyodor Apraksin, ngokuba engenabantwana, washona ngo-1636. Kodwa umfowabo uPetru Inzalo yakhe. Sikhuluma indodana Vasilii Apraksine, ezazikhonza inkosi yena. Kuyinto emndenini Vasily Petrovich uvele Scion likaMathewu - uyise ovelele umkhuzi wamabutho asolwandle. Sam Zakharov "gubernatorstvoval" Astrakhan. Wakhe mndeni amadodana amathathu nendodakazi eyodwa. Peter Matveyevich kwaba enkonzweni umbusi njengonkulunkulu ikhansela yangasese, futhi kamuva oyilungu lephalamende. Fyodor Matveyevich khona abakanye Tsar uPetru mina, u-Andrei Matveyevich lapho mithi kwaba inkomishi wezikhali. Kodwa indodakazi Marfa Matveevna Apraksina waba mfazi lesisemtsetfweni inkosi Fedor Alekseevich. Lo mshado okungukuthi othile ngokwezinga kusengaphambili indlela career abo bonke abantwana bakwa-Mathewu Vasilyevich.

Kodwa, ekubeni inkosikazi yenkosi yesibili, Marfa Matveevna Apraksina ngokushesha ungumfelokazi nokuthi ilahlekelwe simo sayo njengemholi indlovukazi. Kodwa lokho akuzange kuwumise abafowabo yokwakha ama-career ohlelweni apharathasi isimo.

umphathi yenkosi

Wazalwa Novemba 27, 1661. Kakade esemncane, FM Apraksin stolnik wakhonza uPetru I. Futhi kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi wayenobuhlobo esincintisana ayakufanelekela. Ikakhulukazi, sikhuluma Prince Fedor Yurevich Romadanovsky. Wayebuye abe umakhelwane stolnik. Futhi uma Apraxin ukudala amasosha ezihlekisayo, le Romodanovsky kwaba generalissimo yabo. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile inkosi safike wathumba "imidlalo empini", ngakho inani lamabutho regiments, kwakheka ngqo fun of Peter mina, ikhuphuke kakhulu. Ngandlela-thile, kodwa amasosha ezihlekisayo waqala yigxathu ukuguqula ibutho isiRashiya, futhi inani Apraksin kulokhu isobala.

voivod

Nokho, Fedor Matveevich ukhishwa enkulu nakakhulu ngoba befuna ngibenzele okuthile yinkosi lapho yakhiwe yakhe yokuqala umkhumbi.

Ngo 1692, wamiswa njengelungu umkhuzi Arkhangelsk. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, Apraksin bese beveza umbono ukwakha umkhumbi ezingase ngempumelelo ujike izindaba zebhizinisi kolwandle. Russian umbusi Yajabula yilo mbono, futhi uqobo yathatha okuyingxenye kubekwa isibhamu frigate "St Paul." FM Apraksin isikhathi ezikhokhelwayo ngcono idolobha. Ikakhulu, uye waqinisa khona izivikelo Arkhangelsk futhi indawo anda Solombalskaya igceke lemikhumbi. Kweminyaka embalwa nje njengoba umbusi 'izwe North European ", wakwazi ukukhulisa igatsha ezempi kanye commercial shipbuilding umkhakha ezingeni elisha. Futhi wasungula ukuthumela Arkhangelsk imikhumbi phesheya izizathu zentengiso.

kwezikhulu ezintsha

I Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18 Fedoru Matveevichu icala uphathe izindaba oda Admiralty. Ngaphezu kwalokho, waba umbusi Azov. Apraksin uchitha isikhathi e Voronezh, lapho imisebenzi kanzima ukudala imikhumbi ukuthi ibalekele oLwandle Azov. Ngesikhathi esizalweni somfula Voronezh wayehlose ukuba abeke omunye igceke lemikhumbi.

ETaganrog Fedor Matveevich lohleliwe ukuhlomisa itheku futhi Yakha izinqaba edolobhaneni Lipica, losendzaweni ngakwesokudla osebeni Oka, Apraksin lohleliwe ukwakhiwa isitshalo kungasaziwa izibhamu. I T-bar (Voronezh esifundeni) nomhlonishwa State, kwakusenhliziyweni yami ukwakhela futhi ukuhlomisa echwebeni lasolwandle. OLwandle Azov ayehlele uqale Hydrography. Futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke okufunayo kuhlulekile.

UMongameli eKolishi Admiralty

Ngokwemvelo, umsebenzi omkhulu kangaka owadalwa kwenziwa Apraksin wakuphawula umbusi induna isimo Russian. Peter ngakujabulela uquketheni umphathi wakhe. Ngo 1707 Fedor Matveevich ukhishwa elisezingeni Jikelele Admiral laqokwa esikhundleni sokuba uMongameli Admiralty Board. Ukuphathisa umphathise siqu ngoxhaxha oLwandle iBaltic kanye amabutho ambalwa emhlabathini.

Intuthuko ezindabeni zezempi

Ngo 1708, uJenene-Admiral Apraksin wahola amabutho isiRashiya e Ingria, okuyinto kuvinjelwe ibutho isiSwidi zizodla "idolobha ku iNeva", Kotlin futhi Kronshlot. Fedor Matveevich ozokugiriza umzimba Stromberg eduze zokuhlala Rakobor (Wesenberg yokugcina).

Kwacishe kwaphela amasonto amathathu kamuva, umongameli Admiralty iBhodi Kaporskaya Bay wahlulwa Swedish amabutho iphansi kwesandla sika-Baron Limbecker. Yiqiniso, lezi nokunqoba beziphawuleka ezingeni eliphakeme kunawo. Fedor Apraksin waklonyeliswa isihloko Ukubala futhi wathola okuthunyelwe kwekhansela yangasese. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uPetru I yayala amakhosi we Mint ukukhiqiza nayo lendondo yesiliva nge isithombe sengxenye sobude isithombe umholi odumile lempi nomyali asolwandle.

Ukunqoba ungena uyaqhubeka

Khona-ke Fedor Matveevich futhi ovelele enobuqhawe empini. Umlawuli, kokuba ku arsenal amabutho 10,000, bavimbezela futhi wathatha inqaba Vyborg. Ngalesi ukusebenza, wathola i the Order of St Andrew, kanye nokunikeza inkemba eyenziwe ngegolide elihlanzekile ehlotshiswe amadayimane. Apraksin ke wayiswa ezweni Azov lapho ebhubhisa izinqaba ngaphambilini esakhiwe nokuthengisa izimoto bezentengiselwano. Iqiniso ukuthi Azov e 1711 kwafika engaphansi kwe-Turkey. Ngemva kwalokho, u-Admiral Jikelele wachitha isikhathi esithile Petersburg, kodwa ngo-1712 wamiswa njengephayona elivamile zayala elihamba, okuyinto ithunyelwa umkhankaso ukubuyela ingxenye yezwe Finnish. Umkhuzi yanqoba endaweni, kusukela Vyborg, lapho ngo-2010, sivulwe isikhumbuzo Fyodor Apraksin, ziphethe Järvi-Koski. Futhi ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho ngumphathi Petra Velikogo, ngawo emikhunjini olwandle futhi liqhube imisebenzi yezolimo elihamba, kungenzeka kwenze Helsinki (dolobha yaseFinland). Ekwindla ka 1713 Apraksin anqoba ekulweni abaseSweden eduze Pyalkane River. Yiqiniso, kule brilliant Victoria Jikelele-Admiral lalingabulawa kalula uthole enye Order of St Andrew Lokuqala-Ngokuthi.

Gangut

Kodwa azithele ngabandayo owaphuma babe phambili. Ngo-1714 induna inhloko Admiralty IBhodi wakwazi waphinda baboniseni isitha amandla we-Russian ibutho.

Lona abadumile ulwandle impi nge abaseSweden ukuthi zenzeka eCape Hanko. Apraksin Iyatholakala kwaba 99 emikhunjini bese scampaways, okuyinto anakekele amasosha angu-Russian ayizinkulungwane 15. Fyodor Matveyevich namajoni wakhe kwakufanele ukunikeza ukufinyelela-Åland Islands kanye Turku esifundeni. Nokho, lezi zinhlelo baye bazama ukuvimbela imikhumbi Swedish iphansi kwesandla sika-Vice-Admiral Vatranga wayala amasosha ukuba bathole kuphela ukwakha isizinda kuleli nhlonhlo Hanko. Ukunciphisa amathuba Ukuthuthela emikhunjini Russian ngokusebenzisa ngaphambilini osungulwe ukhuni flooring, etholakala ingxenye ewumngcingo yale nhlonhlo, futhi abaseSweden kwadingeka ukuba kwahlukaniswe imikhumbi ibe izingxenye eziningana. Kwakuyisikhathi amasu iphutha, njengoba unqamukile isitha imikhumbi senza ngaphezulu kalula. emikhunjini Russian ungase bavula nhlonhlo ngemikhumbi futhi ngokwengxenye ukuhlasela umkhumbi isitha isigaba. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, le ngxabano juqu khandlu Strait Rilaks-Fjord. Imikhumbi Russian sasinamandla sanqoba. Indlela engena Gulf of Bothnia kwaba mahhala, kodwa ukufinyelela Åland Islands ivuliwe. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa emazweni asempumalanga eGulf of Bothnia, yanika eRussia. Cishe bonke Finland lase lithengwe kaKesari uPetru I.

Buyela inhlokodolobha

Nokho, maduze nje Fedor Matveevich wakhululwa kungazelelwe wakhumbula enhlokodolobha. Into okungukuthi ukuthi inkosi yathola ukuthi ezinye zezisebenzi kulo kwangaphakathi kwesiyingi Jikelele-Admiral ezihlukunyeziwe amandla nokweba imali yengcebo. Phakathi nokubusa uPetru mina ngokukhwabanisa kwaba ngumkhuba lalivamile ukuthi ngesihluku ukuyiveza "Izidumbu ekhethekile". Kodwa Apraksin, ngokungafani nezinye izikhulu, awuzange abahahayo mercenary umuntu, kwaba anele izidingo isimo iholo lakhe umndeni.

Futhi abaphenyi akazange ukuthola ubufakazi bokuthi kwakuyobonisa ukuthi umlawuli lodumo imali yomphakathi. Kodwa lapha Apraksina abangaphansi laba babanjwa ngo-ke. Nokho, inkosi, khumbula ngaso sonke isikhathi Fyodor Matveyevich kokufaneleka phambi lawobaba, akazange kanzima umphathi wakhe futhi wayala ukuba ngikhokhe inhlawulo kuphela.

"It isikhulu"

Futhi okwamanje Apraksins ngokuphindaphindiwe efakazelwe ubuqotho babo eNgophezukonke. Ngokwesibonelo, sikhuluma umlando, uma inzalo yenkosi Alexei e 1716, ngaphandle kwesixwayiso, wayohlala e-Austria. INdodana uMbusi ngaleyo ndlela wanquma ukubonisa ukuphikiswa ukuba kwekuhlela kabusha guqula kaPetru I. osomaqhinga kuphela futhi UTolstoy Alexei Rumyantsev wathonyelwa ukuba ubuyele futhi siyaxolisa isinyathelo sakhe. Ngokwemvelo, umbusi efuna ukufundisa isifundo indodana abanganaki futhi bayalwa ukuba zihlanganisa emboniselweni nje akangeni inkungu yayo. Nokho, u-Alex wenza dengwane izithakazelo lawobaba futhi zayiswa bheka sokuba yisakhamuzi sase-Austria akusilo elilodwa, kodwa izinkampani abanazo. Kwaziqondanela nje ukuba, umbuthano labo lalibonakala Petr Matveevich Apraksin. Kodwa ekugcineni abaphenyi abuthole ubufakazi icala lakhe. Nokho, ngalesi senzakalo ezingemnandi nomfowabo lusizi Fedor Matveevich, ngubani kwakuwubufakazi oqondile ePrince ngemibuzo. Njengoba ilungu IKhomishane Yophenyo, Admiral-Jikelele, kanye nezinye izikhulu, abeke isignesha yakhe kuze kukhishwe isinqumo sokuthi banecala ngokuphathelene indlalifa Alexei. Ube esenikezwa isigwebo sokufa ngokungafanele.

Imikhankaso ngokumelene Sweden kanye operation lempi ePheresiya

Ngemva enqobile empini ye Gangut inhloko Admiralty IBhodi, hozyaystvuya kuleli qoqo leziqhingi Stockholm, ngezikhathi Cruising eduze kogu izindawo Sweden, umphako Ukubhubhisa imikhumbi yokuqoqa intela zensimu. Korol Frederik ngacindezelwa ukuba siyekethise neRussia okukhululwa ngokumane asayine isitatimende disadvantageous Sweden iSivumelwano Nystad. A Fedor Matveyitch wathola okusezingeni eliphezulu ulwandle imiklomelo (Kaiser-flag).

Ngo-1722, ibutho lezempi umkhuzi emkhankasweni wathuthela yasePheresiya. Yena uqobo kwaholela imikhumbi Russian udabula yoLwandle iCaspian. Ngo 1723 Apraksin wabuyela ezweni lakubo futhi wanikwa umyalo Baltic Fleet.

Ngemva kokufa wezinguquko enkulu

Lapho efa ngo-1725 uMbusi uPetru mina, umphathi wakhe wangaphambili aqhubeka anesikhundla esiphakeme esigodlweni. Eminyakeni 1725, uCatherine mina yena pha Order of St Apraksin. Alexander saseNevsky. Ngokushesha ngemva Petra Velikogo unkosikazi wanika iningi nezindaba zomphakathi engaphansi kwe Supreme azitshelwa Council, okuyinto kamuva wangena Fedor Matveevich. Kodwa i-violin okokuqala kule indikimba ebusayo kudlalwa Prince Alexander Menshikov. imikhumbi Khonamanjalo Russian kancane kancane iphuka, kanye nokulungiswa yabo kanye nokugcinwa edingekayo ukwabiwa kwezimali, okuyinto, ngeshwa, zanikezelwa eziningi enganele. Ngo ezifana izimo, Apraksin yayiya yiya olwandle, kodwa leli omkhulu yokunqoba Russian imikhumbi babesayenza fresh yakhe inkumbulo. Kuphela 1726, General Admiral bavumelana ukuhola imikhumbi Russian uku ukuze zibonise bhekana namandla yaseBrithani lempi Russia.

kwelanga umsebenzi

Lapho i-emperor Russian esihlalweni sobukhosi bakwa- Peter II, izindaba zomphakathi kuleli zwe waba ikhanda Dolgorukovs ukuthi abanye ongangeneki iphathwa Apraksin. Fyodor Matveyevich usenqume ukushiya umphakathi inkonzo futhi okunethezekile e Moscow. Kule minyaka edlule, isidalwa emandleni Apraxin waqongelela ngempela imali eshisiwe. Ungumphathi uPetru mina izigodlo ephethwe futhi izigodi, wayekade ephethwe izindawo eziningi ezweni nge eziyigugu esiyingqayizivele. Ongenayo konke wadlula ngeke Jikelele-Admiral? Njengoba izingane akazange abe zonke atholwe Fedor Apraksin zahlukaniselwa izihlobo zabo, futhi zikanokusho ikhaya ubunikazi Petersburg, wanikela ngengxenye umbusi uPetru II. Apraksin washona ngo-November 10, 1728. State umzimba nomhlonishwa wangcwatshwa ensimini Zlatoust Monastery eMoscow. Ibid wangcwatshwa noyise umongameli ibhodi Admiralty. Ukushiya kunobufakazi enkulu emlandweni waleli zwe futhi enezimfanelo ezifana ezingavamile ngayo ngokubonisa umusa, ukukhuthala, ukwethembeka, wayengumuntu yomunye wabeluleki phezulu Petra Velikogo e izinguquko isimo Russian.