Ukuthula kwaphakade nge ePoland ngo 1686: izimbangela kanye nemiphumela

Ngo 1686, i-Russia kanye Poland Bangene ukuthula kwaphakade. Yena abuqede nezimpi eziningi kanye eside emazweni angomakhelwane ngethonya ezindaweni umngcele. Inkontileka fixed nasekuqiniseni Russia kanye nokubuya ingxenye ye-Ukraine futhi Smolensk.

izwe esintengayo

Ngo 1654-1667 GG. Russia nase Rzeczpospolita esimweni impi okuthena amandla. Amandla babebanga umngcele umhlaba amangalelwe ngohlelo ezweni ngalinye. ukuthula kwaphakade nge ePoland ngo 1686 kwaba isivumelwano ukuthi waqinisekisa umphumela lengxabano. Eqinisweni, lowo kabili izinhlinzeko zoMthetho idokhumenti ngemvume ku Andrusovo edolobhaneni 1667. Uma isivumelwano sokuqala kwaba kuphela yesikhashana engu-13 kuthula (esalotshwa kwelinye amaphuzu), ukuthula phakade ePoland ngo 1686 usulungise nokubuyisana lamazwe amabili futhi rapprochement kwabo kwezombusazwe.

Ngaphansi kwesivumelwano, eRussia lezwakala Novgorod-Seversky, Smolensk, Kwesokunxele-Bank Ukraine futhi Kyïv (isendaweni ibhange kwesokudla Dnieper). Ukuze Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich ngesikhathi ayephila ngaso kwakuwukunqoba yangempela emlandweni. Wabuyela izwe kwadingeka ingxenye kanye kwaba omunye Old isimo Russian. Kwakuhlangene eLithuania, lapho ababusi East Slavic babe wahlukana futhi hhayi ehlanganisiwe. Ekupheleni a XIV. Vilna ababusi wenza nimunye Poland, kulandele eMoscow, futhi kamuva eRussia lezwakala amakhulu endaweni imingcele yayo entshonalanga.

Reunion ne-Ukraine

Okwakubaluleke ngokukhethekile kwaba iqiniso ukuthi ukuthula kwaphakade nge ePoland ngo 1686 waphinde waba Smolensk, eRussia. Lo muzi wokuqala yanqoba Lithuania Basil III, kanye bese futhi ulahleke Inkathi Isikhathi Nezinkinga. Nokubuyiselwa ukuzinza eRussia sobukhosi eMoscow kwakungamadodana Romanovs. Eyesibili, ukumkani wama-lwamakhosi - U-Alexis - manje babuyiselwe ubulungiswa zomlando, futhi wabelwa indodakazi yakhe UZandile.

Engxenyeni ye XVII Century Polish Ukraine lesibili waqala ukuthuthumela nokuzamazama uya kwavukelwa of isizwe zendawo, nethonya eMoscow. Umholi wabo kwaba Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky. iminyaka eminingi impi isiphelile kuphela lapho wangena ukuthula kwaphakade nge Poland. 1686 kwaba usuku lokugubha ukuze abantu base-Ukraine. ukungqubuzana zabo nabasePoland ivuthwe eyashukumisela zenkolo (bekungachazwa Orthodox nezinye umKatolika) kanye ukungefani kwezilimi.

Isigaba Cossack emazweni

Noma kunjalo, phezu Poland agcinwayo Kwesokudla ebhange-Ukraine. Isigaba kuphela anda ngayo igebe phakathi kwabantu izingxenye ezimbili ezweni lonke, okwakuhilela laliwumngcele phakathi Dnieper. Ukuhlanganisa lezi zingosi isimo elisha lezombusazwe wezasekhaya esifundeni nomthelela Ukuthula Okuphakade ne-Poland (1686). Waba yini umphumela wesibindi izingxoxo ezinde itholakala lokuthi ukuthi Zaporizhzhya Sich kwaba sesikhashana phakathi kwemibuso emibili. Lesi kwakuyisikhathi sokuba esifundeni ebalulekile wahlala Cossacks khulula. Izikhulu kanye ngamabutho abo babeyizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu isivikelo ngokuvukela uMbuso WaseTurkey, sokuqinisa ithonya bakule ndawo Black Sea.

Turkey baba kakhulu ibutho ibenesandla rapprochement phakathi Poland neRussia futhi isiphetho sabo mutual isivumelwano sokuthula. Ngo 1672, lapho-ke iphelile izinkulumo Andrusovo, futhi Akucaci nokho indlela isimo ozokhula, amaSulumane ethumba Kamenetz-Podolsk, ngaphambili ephethwe yi-Commonwealth. Ngemva kwalokho, abaseTurkey waqala ehlelekile ukuhlasela Cossack emazweni ayesesifundeni zone izintshisekelo waseRussia. Kwacaca ukuthi isikhathi amazwe amabili angamaKristu ukuthi sikhiphe umehluko yabo futhi ukujoyina amabutho ekulweni nosongo WaseTurkey.

usongo Turkish

I-Turks laliqhubeka nokulwa ne lonke elaseYurophu. Ngo-1683, baze bazama liyovimbezela Vienna - inhloko-dolobha e-Austria futhi enamandla Habsburg lwamakhosi. Ngaqala umfelandawonye jikelele ngokumelene Istanbul. Rzeczpospolita, elalisendlini esimweni esibucayi kakhulu, ayizange ufuna ukwamukela imiphumela impi yamuva ne-Russia, okwathi ngemva kwalokho Romanovs emuva Smolensk nezinye umhlaba ezibalulekile Russian.

Kodwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezintsha, lapho eningizimu edolobheni Polish wahlushwa kuphangwa abaseTurkey futhi AmaTatar, amakhosi ohlanga unqume ukuba aphinde acabange salo sengqondo sokungafuni yezivumelwano nge eMoscow. Amandla emaphakathi, ukuzizwa indlela yokuba umtshingo ubethwa ngubani, ngisho obize enhlokodolobha yase wokugcina emlandweni zwe Zemsky Sobor. Kwakufanele ukuba emhlanganweni wawo waxoxa nemibandela ukuthula kwaphakade nge ePoland ngo 1686

Ungena yesivumelwano

Isigaba sokugcina izingxoxo ne nabasePoland zenzeka esikhathini we Regency seNdlovukazi UZandile - indodakazi endala ka-Alexei Mikhailovich. Wamnqwambisa inhloko oda amanxusa intandokazi yakho Prince Golitsyn. He is ngaphakathi ukuxhumana ngqo oluthunyelwe izihambeli zakwamanye amazwe waphikelela ngokuthi yokuthi Russia uzojoyina umfelandawonye anti-Turkish kuphela uma Rzeczpospolita ngokuqondile ukuqinisekisa nemibandela yesivumelwano odlule Andrusovo.

Lezi ziphakamiso zamukelwa. Royal Ambassadors banquma ukungayisebenzisi nhlobo i ukudayisa tisebenta esimeni lapho izwe labo lalizobhekana on the esengozini ucabanga ngenxa yempi ne abaseTurkey. Ngakho-ke Kwavunyelwana Ukuthula Okuphakade ne-Poland (1686). Kuphi ngemvume le dokhumenti kubalulekile emlandweni waleli zwe? Yena esayinwe eMoscow ngo-May 6. Ngokusho isivumelwano, Russia wajoyina European Union, ezazilwa ngokuvukela uMbuso WaseTurkey. Ngo 1687 futhi 1689 kwakukhona abadumile imikhankaso YaseCrimea, eliholwa ukuthi isikhulu efanayo Golitsyn.