Umlando Zaporizhzhya Sich

Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi Zaporizhzhya Sich - kunguye ukukhuthazwa kuphela, lalisendaweni ka Khortytsya isiqhingi, kodwa kungenye into ehluke kakhulu iqiniso. Eqinisweni, ngaphansi kwalesi umlando gama kuhlangene eziningi izikhungo Dnieper Cossacks, owaphumelela nomunye chungechunge. Abo ke babengabokulinga ezindaweni ezahlukene ezansi Dnieper, eningizimu Dnieper Rapids (kungakho igama layo liyi "Zaporozhye").

Okokuqala Zaporizhzhya Sich - kuyinto Khortytsia inqaba (Khortytsia Sich), eyasungulwa ngo-1552 ngu-Prince Dmitriem Vishnevetskim esiqhingini Little Khortytsya. It labhujiswa amabutho Crimean Turkish kakade 1557, kodwa umqondo wakhe - kahle ebiyelweyo ekamu lezempi - ngokushesha bavuselela ngesimo ukuzihlanganisa elandelayo Sich.

Sekukonke, umlando Zaporozhye Sech has eziyisishiyagalombili Sich, ngamunye obabukhona kusukela eminyakeni emi-5 kuya kwengu-40: Khortytsia, Tomakovskaya, Bazavlutskaya, Nikitinskaya, Chertomlytskaya, Kamensky, Aloshkovskaya futhi Podpolnenskaya.

Yiziphi amasiko nemikhuba wanqoba lapho? , Manifest Orthodox Kuyaziwa isibonelo, ukuthi i-reception Sech wesilisa ukukhululeka, abangashadile, e-Ukraine ithi (noma christened enkolelweni Orthodox). Ngemva kwemukelwa Cossacks, kwakufanele bonyana enze uqeqesho lempi, eyathatha yiminyaka eyisikhombisa.

Kwegunya ekamu kwaba Rada, okuyinto ixazululwe yonke imibuzo ebalulekile. Rada lidlule Okthoba 1, ke Januwari 1 kanye ngosuku Easter wesibili noma wesithathu. Futhi, iPhalamende angase obize nganoma isiphi isikhathi ngesicelo iningi Cossacks. Izinqumo nabazali bokutholwa lapho iPhalamende kuphoqelekile wonke umuntu.

Umphakathi we-Cossacks ka Zaporozhye Sech okuthiwa Kosh. Yena wabe 38 ukubhema, okuyinto ehlukile amayunithi lempi. kuren ngalinye lalisekamelweni kusukela amashumi amaningana emakhulwini amaningana Cossack. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igama elithi "ukubhema" kwaba nenye incazelo - ". Eqhugwaneni lempi" lokho ngokuthi isakhiwo yokuhlala, lapho kwakukhona

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi zonke izinqumo ezithathwe rad, Zaporizhzhya Sich waba isahluko, okuyinto ataman. Ngaphezu ehhovisi zako ezisemqoka, wayegunde ilungelo ngemvume isigwebo sokufa ngenxa lesimbi we Cossacks. Ikakhulukazi amacala abucayi yilezi ezilandelayo: lokubulala omunye Cossack Cossack; ikhona, ngisho ezincane, ukweba; ukulwa ngenkathi didekile; ukweqa; aphanga bendawo.

Mayelana Zaporozhye Cossacks, nokuqinisela kwabo isibindi, angajwayelekile izindlela emzabalazweni zazingcono kakhulu ezinganekwaneni. Futhi iqiniso liwukuthi - babekwazi ngempumelelo simelane izitha eqinile, eziningi kanye ahlomile.

Ngo 1775, Russian Umbusikazi uCatherine II wasayina Manifesto, owawuthi Zaporizhzhya Sich, hhayi kuphela ubhujiswe, kodwa ngokusemthethweni kwabalelwa sifundazwe Novorossiysk, ophela self Zaporizhzhya Cossacks. Izizathu zalokhu isinqumo kwesibhamu yayisekelwe izenzakalo eziningana.

Okokuqala, iRussia esayinwe inkontileka YaseCrimea Khanate ngalo wathola ukufinyelela woLwandle Olumnyama, ngakho nesidingo sokuvikela imingcele eningizimu wanyamalala. Futhi okwesibili, Cossacks wahlanganyela ngenkuthalo kokuhlubuka kuka Pugachev, ngakho uCatherine II wesabela ukuthi ukuvukela ukusabalala kanye Zaporizhzhya emaqeleni.

Juni 5, 1775 waqala ukuvalwa elidumile Zaporizhzhya Sich. amabutho Russian eliholwa uJenene-uLieutenant uPitrosi weza Zaporozhye TEKEL ebusuku. Basibutha usuku lapho Cossacks kugujwa yuletide oluhlaza futhi ayengafuni ukuphunyukwa ilungela ukulwa. Ngokusho imiphumela ultimatum Tekeli Zaporizhzhya Sich ukuthi umaluju ngaphandle kokulwa. Izimali kanye zomlando kwadliwa. Ngemva kwalokho, le Zaporizhzhya Sich labhujiswa ngokuphelele wezikhali.

Ngemva ekuvalweni Sich yayo Cossacks zahlangana le amaviyo ebutho isiRashiya, futhi usayitsheni owayengumshushisi waba nezicukuthwane. Peter Kalnyshevsky, zinyanga ataman Zaporozhye Sech, wadingiselwa sezindela Solovetsky, lapho afike achitha khona ithuna iminyaka 28 kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe. Ezinye Cossacks kwesokunxele ngoba Turkey, lapho ngasekela Danubian Sich, okuyinto wakwazi ukuzabalaza kuze kube yilapho 1828. Transdanubia Cossacks alwa ohlangothini Turkey, kanye nengxenye ukucindezelwa olwathatha.