Peter Kalnyshevsky: Biography. Ukugcoba isikhulu Petra Kalnyshevskogo

Peter Kalnyshevsky - abadumile Ataman Zaporizhzhya Sich, okuyinto wokugcina emlandweni we Cossack republic uye aphethwe lokhu esiphakeme. Ngezenzo uzibophezele phakathi nokuphila lo muntu, emuva kokucubungula isiGungu Esingcwele seSonto Ukraine Orthodox Church of the umbiko we Synodal Commission for Izimbangela Saints, yena waba abagcotshwa. Zilungile Petra Kalnyshevskogo ayekhumbula Novemba 13 ekhalendeni likaGregory, usuku lokufa kwakhe. Njengoba ayephila lo muntu, futhi yini nezimangaliso abakufeza phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, kwaba neqiniso lokuthi wayeseholela abagcotshwa? Impendulo yalo mbuzo ngeke zama ukunikeza isihloko.

Ukuqala enkambweni yokuphila

Kalnyshevsky uPetru Ivanovich kwaba ungowokuzalwa Pustovoytovka emzaneni, okuyinto itholakala Sumy esifundeni (Ukraine). Unyaka lokuzalwa - 1691. Ngeshwa, emlandweni idatha cishe akukho walondoloza mayelana esengumntwana nangesikhathi kwentsha. Amaqiniso mayelana neminyaka yakhe yakudala waqinisekisa ofakazi bokuzibonela kuphela kodwa izindaba ukuthi abantu babenikwa ngomlomo.

It is kuphela eyaziwa ukuthi wazalwa emndenini Cossack. Ngokushesha umama wayo ongumfelokazi, uPeter eneminyaka engu-8 ubudala weza Sich. Kungakhathaliseki lokhu kuyiqiniso noma legend - alwaziwa. Indlela wangena ekusithekeni Cossacks, futhi, akwaziwa.

Ngo Zaporozhye Petr Kalnyshevsky imfundo Kwaqale kwaba isikole esontweni. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi nakuba imfundo waba neqhaza elikhulu emsebenzini wakhe ikusasa lanoma yibaphi Cossack. Ngo Zaporozhye at amasonto nezikole eziningana avuleka, lapho izifundo okwenziwa abamelela yabefundisi kulokhu.

Qinisekile iqiniso lokuthi i-career empi okwaqala njengempi yenkolo Squire elula. Ngaphambi kokuba abe ataman, wayengumuntu Colonel futhi imashi 1752 i 1761, kanye esaul wezempi e 1754, futhi umahluleli wombutho wezempi kusuka 1763 kuya 1765

Kalnyshevsky wayengumholi onekhono kakhulu yamasosha, iqhawe elinesibindi, isazi sezombusazwe ngobuqili; Wayazi okuningi futhi wakwazi. Akumangazi ukuthi ngokushesha yena yanikezelwa esicongweni esisha lempi - uLieutenant jikelele.

Kalnyshevsky wayaziwa kahle enkantolo. Izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, wayebhekwa emanxuseni Cossack njengoba uPetru mina Ekaterina II.

1762 kwaba inkathi yoshintsho ekuphileni kwakhe - Kalnyshevsky ataman abakhethiwe.

chieftanship lokuqala

Peter Kalnyshevsky, ogama biography amumethe izenzakalo enkulu mlando, wakhethwa Ataman kwesisodwa. Ihhovisi lakhe lokuqala waqokwa waba ngokuthi: "Lo ataman - umshayeli yonke impi." Ngalesi isikhundla Cossacks ukhethe isahluko yabo phakathi nakho -tonkhe tihlabani takhona futhi ebona iningi abadala.

Ngokokuqala ngqá Kalnyshevsky Ataman wachitha impela kancane. udumo lwakhe phakathi Cossacks lwalulukhulu kakhulu. Yena wamsusa kuye lesi sikhundla uCatherine II njengenhlangano kahulumeni okubi.

chieftanship yesibili

Peter Kalnyshevsky kwase kuyahlonishwa ibutho Cossack, le Cossacks akuzona ngisho esabe nokwephula esinqumweni Queen. Ngokuphambene intando uCatherine II, izikhulu Cossack futhi akhethwe kuye njengoba ataman yabo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1764.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi, njengoba isikhulu, Kalnyshevsky ayenziwa e Zaporozhye Izinkomo zizalela kanye nezolimo. Wayefuna ukwandisa isibalo sabantu kulendawo futhi lokhu kwasiza wasekela abantu babaleka azo. Ukusekela kwakhe kweqhaza Cossacks ayevame ukusesha AmaTatar ukhululeka ukuthunjwa akubo. Ataman kamuva badingiswa ngenxa ezweni lakubo Zaporozhye.

Ngenxa ngokushesha Kalnyshevsky Zaporizhia asemaqeleni atholwe emizaneni eminingi emisha. Peter Kalnyshevsky ngokwakhe waba omunye wabantu abacebe kunabo bonke e-Ukraine. Wayengumuntu umnikazi we emizaneni eminingi nasemapulazini, amasimu emadlelweni, kwadingeka izinkulungwane eziningi izinkomo umhlambi.

Kalnyshevsky wehlela emlandweni njengoba UMuphi abadumile. imali yakhe amasonto namathempeli emadolobheni ambalwa Ukraine kanye nasezindaweni zasemakhaya.

Kalnyshevsky futhi uCatherine II

UCatherine II nendima enkulu hhayi kuphela e isiphetho Kalnyshevsky, wabeka isandla sakhe esikhonkwaneni ukubhujiswa lonke Zaporizhzhya Sich. Kodwa lokhu, kuzoxoxwa ngakho kamuva.

Okwamanje, kuyaziwa ukuthi ngesikhathi esisodwa Kalnyshevsky, ekubeni ingxenye Cossacks we ithimba inkantolo, wasebenzisa leli thuba ukuze ayohlangana nalo Izicukuthwane Russian futhi ukusungula enobudlelwane nge ewusizo bona ubuntu.

Lokhu kwaholela yokuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi Kalnyshevsky uPetru Ivanovich waba ngomunye wabantu abacebe ezinethonya kunazo e-Ukraine. Njengoba isikhulu, yena waba ngisho ababemenyelwe wokugcotshwa uCatherine II.

ukusebenza lakhe mnandi kakhulu futhi Kwaphawulwa indlovukazi, kodwa lokho akuzange kuthinte isinqumo sokususwa yakhe esuka ehhovisi Kalnyshevsky Ataman Cossack ibutho (kuba Kalnyshevsky ukususwa yokuqala evela ehhovisi). Omunye inguqulo yalesi senzakalo esingokomlando, uthi indlovukazi akakuthandanga ikoloni eshiseka komhlaba ataman Zaporizhzhya Sich.

Lapho Kalnyshevsky ekhethwa okwesibili, ngemiyalo yezikhulu Queen lalibuye wadala umnyango ekhethekile uphenyo esibheka izizathu kwakwakhiwa edelela esigodlweni ezinjalo. Kwazi bani ukuthi eyayingase iqedwe uphenyo nokuthi zingaki imigomo obungenza "zahamba ngendiza zaya kusukela lesikafula," uma kungekhona ukuthi impi phakathi Russia nase-Turkey.

impi Russian-Turkish

enkantolo Royal wayazi ukuthi ibutho Cossack kungaba usizo olukhulu kule uzowanqoba abaseTurkey, hhayi kuphela Cossacks waba indima juqu empini. UCatherine II kwakungasekho okunye kodwa "ukuvala amehlo abo" kuze kube ukhetho sangamabomu Cossacks Kalnyshevsky, waphoqwa ukuba bakwemukele yokuthi intando yakhe yayingaphelele ababulawa.

Kwakuwusuku yokuthi lokhu kuba nomthelela omkhulu, kanye nengcebo, Kalnyshevsky njalo wahlala ataman kwaze kwaba usuku lokugcina khona Sich. Njalo ngonyaka iminyaka 10, kwaba umholi sakhe esikhethiwe.

Ngo neRussia, impi nge Turkey Cossack ibutho siye sazibonakalisa kuphela isandla kakhulu. Indlovukazi wajabula kakhulu futhi bakhononda Cossack isikhulu isikhundla lempi uLieutenant jikelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhulu uPetru Kalnyshevsky wathola isihloko Chevalier Order of the Empire, Russian - Andreya Pervozvannogo.

Sich: kwendaba

Zaporozhtsy babe amasosha serviceable zayisekela Russia empini nge Turkey. Kodwa ngaleso esigodlweni sengqondo kubo kwaba luyingxenye ezimbi: i Cossacks babebhekwa njengabangakufanelekeli izihlubuki. Nakuba i-Russia kwakuwukumsongela kusukela AmaTatar, Zaporozhye ibutho kubekezelelwe futhi samukelwe, kodwa ngemva basayine isivumelwano sokuthula YaseCrimea Khanate Empress wanquma ukuqeda le Cossacks. Prince Potemkin ukuthi wakhipha isimemezelo ku ukubhujiswa Zaporizhzhya Sich. Ngakho, ngo-May ka-1755, umbusi Potemkin Tekeli uzungezwe amasosha akhe Sich.

Lapho Cossacks zabekwa izibhamu, bona letangeniswa isimemezelo iNdlovukazi sika eyayikhuluma ukuthi Sich - usongo embusweni. Kodwa indlovukazi bafisa ukuba babe nobulungisa, ukukhumbula lokho usizo kwadingeka Cossacks empini nge abaseTurkey, lo dade wacela labo abafisa ukuhlala ekamu ukushiya mkhakha lempi futhi bahlanganyele kwezolimo.

On umkhandlu Cossack, ngalibangisa Kalnyshevsky, kwanqunywa ukuba ugweme ukumelana wezimpi ezalandela. Esikhathini esingeside esidlule, le Cossacks alwa nganhliziyonye Russian ngokumelene AmaTatar.

Lesi sinqumo kwaba iqiniso ukuthi Sich labhujiswa ngokuphelele futhi ababange besaba khona.

I okunye isiphetho Kalnyshevsky

Kalnyshevskiy Petr Ivanovich, ogama biography isiqedile esiyindilinga entsha, elathunjwa futhi kuthathwe ngqo Petersburg. isikhulu sase wehlulelwa Military Collegium. Wokungamlaleli imiyalo uhulumeni wayengaphuli enecala.

Manje-mlando baye phambili version ukuthi imbangela kwaba ukuthi Kalnyshevsky wayefuna ukuba umsunguli we Sich entsha ngokuphelele, lapho Cossacks futhi lonke uPetty Officer wayeyoba qotho kuphela kuye.

Kalnyshevsky, ngaleso sikhathi wayeneminyaka engu-85 ubudala, ugwetshwe sokufa. Potemkin yena baphikisana ajezise ushintsha Cossack isikhulu ubudala ukudingiswa impilo yonke e Solovki sezindela.

sezindela Solovetsky

imizamo Potemkin kuye kwadingeka amandla, futhi uPetru Kalnyshevsky ataman zokugcina wayezimisele ejele esiyingozi amashinga, owawusegqumeni Insimu sezindela Solovetsky.

Njengoba isikhulu uyingozi ikakhulukazi lonke Russian Empire lobugebengu, yena waba ophucwa ilungelo lokuxhumana kanye neposi. Ngakho, Kalnyshevsky wayeboshwe kakhulu ngendlela 25 iminyaka.

Nakuba nezinye iziboshwa ka wezindela esiqashwe 2 unogada, Kalnyshevsky esimisiwe 4. Wavunyelwa ukushiya esikhundleni ejele izikhathi 3 ngonyaka, ngamaholide ezinkulu zenkolo: isimo LeNkosi Yethu, nama-Easter. Kulezi zinsuku ubehambele khona yokukhulekela.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Potemkin futhi uCatherine II namanje elinde oneminyaka engu-85 ubudala kuze kube manje. Elikuqukethe zanikezelwa imali eningi, yena waba ngisho kubhekwe esasibaluleke ohloniphekile. Koschevoi Nokho uyaziqhenya neze ngesikhathi esekudingisweni akazange kufayela noma yiluphi uhlu lwezikhalazo noma iNdlovukazi noma izindlalifa wakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba nempilo enhle, ayebhekane njengoba Potemkin noCatherine.

ukukhululwa

Petru Kalnyshevskomu kwaba neminyaka engu-110 lapho umzukulu Catherine unqume ukukhipha kwakhe. Namanje Ataman bamenywa ukuba ukhethe indawo yokuhlala olwengeziwe. With yobudala enjalo zihlaba, ixhegu, nakuba wayesefile kakade abayizimpumputhe, kodwa wasala nengqondo esangulukile. Wamane wezwakalisa amazwi okubonga ukuze kukhululwe (inothi, hhayi ngaphandle umthamo ezithile indida) wacela kuye imvume bayiphile endaweni okumelwe ukuba wayebhekana ejwayele ngakho iminyaka engu-25 ubhadla ejele.

Kalnyshevsky: inkolo

Ukuba ataman, Kalnyshevsky kakhulu inkolo. Eceleni kwakhe yakuthanda ukugcina izindela abalalela iseluleko abaqondisi abangokomoya.

Phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe kwaba umqalisi nabakhi bezindonga amasonto amaningi. imali yakhe, amasonto amaningi aye got a izinto ezintsha isonto.

Ukuba siboshwa Solovki Isigodlo, yena kukora ukuzishaya nokuthobeka kwakhe kwenza abantu.

Ngemva wenkululeko Kalnyshevsky wahlala iminyaka engu-2. Ngo 1803, wangcwatshwa eduze isimo Cathedral, endaweni Isigodlo. Ngeshwa, endaweni yokungcwaba isikhulu lomkhumbi olamandla ongedluli injalo yasekuqaleni zazifile, ngoba ku-yalolucwaningo 30 kwekhulu elidlule ensimini, lapho ahlala Ataman, ejele kwaphinde liqale, kodwa kulokhu izwe amaSoviet izitha.

Kusukela endaweni yokungcwaba isikhulu ehlezi ejele abantu nje izivande, ethuneni yadilizwa phansi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuye kwatholakala futhi abuyiselwe lethuna okwakubonisa ukuthi lo umhlaba wangcwatshwa Kalnyshevsky.

Peter Kalnyshevsky: nokunxusa

inzalo Nokubonga ungakhohlwa umholi omkhulu. On ithuna lakhe lamiswao isikhumbuzo nge umfanekiso lika Koshevogo.

Novemba 13, 2015 Kalnyshevsky, sibonga isinyathelo imizamo Ukraine iSonto Lobu-Orthodox ngaphansi eMoscow Sabefundisi ukuthi abagcotshwa.

Kusukela manje, iSt Peter Kalnyshevsky liyahlonishwa ngosuku ukudluliselwa kwakhe kwenye emhlabeni - 13 Novemba. Ngokusho amasiko-Orthodox, umthandazo akhethekile isithonjana nge ebusweni saint zenzelwe.

Ngobusuku obandulela le nokunxusa IPetra Kalnyshevskogo Metropolitan of Kiev ne All Ukraine Onufry ziqondiswe Yobungcwele yakhe Umbhishobhi omkhulu eMoscow All Russia Kirill ecela izibusiso yokufuna izinsalela isikhulu omkhulu futhi ewayisa ekhaya lakhe - e Zaporozhye.

Ngemva kwalokho hambisa aphume 14 dioceses abapristi bememeza izimfundiso, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho uPeter wayemi abagcotshwa Kalnyshevsky. I izinsalela saint, kwabefundisi isinqumo kuzoba oNgcwele Virgin Ukuvikelwa Cathedral.