Leonid Andreev: Biography nemisebenzi

izihloko eziningi ezikhuluma leonid Andreev uqale umlayezo ukuthi wayenguKristu umsunguli we-Russian Expressionism (ngesisekelo lo mkhuba akukhona umfanekiso wanoma ngokoqobo nezwe engaphakathi umbhali, ke yakha). Nakuba ngokuvamile kakhulu kanye nale ncazelo yobuciko besikhathi sakhe kuchasiselwe indlela yakhe futhi okwangempela ezibucayi kanye neo-okwangempela futhi okwangempela kumnandi nezimfihlakalo yangempela.

Ukuntuleka kokukhulumisana ubulungu in a isiqondiso esithile

Leonid Andreev, okuyinto kuncike umsebenzi izinqamuleli eziningi kangaka, ngezinye izikhathi akakwazanga ukuchaza ukuthi leyo mikhaya ikuyiphi kunoma ukugeleza ethile. Umlobi othile incwadi ukuze Maxim Gorky wabuza ukuthi ungubani Eqinisweni, ngokuqondene ohlehlela iyindoda umuntu okholelwa entweni ekhona okwangempela, futhi namaqiniso - symbolist. Encwadini yakhe ethi, umlobi abanamakhono futhi yasekuqaleni wafuna sifinyelele zamagama, noma okungenani ukuvumelanisa ezimbili tinkhombandlela ekuqondeni izwe, ophilayo futhi njalo ezilwayo engqondweni yakhe - ohlehlela emuva futhi ubhekane namaqiniso.

Amabili kweyodwa

Nge okwangempela ecacile. Futhi iyini baziphatha? translation umuntu ngokuqondile kusho ukwehla noma ekuhlehleni kwamasiko. Ubuciko kanye izincwadi - isiqondiso modernist, esibonakala by amafomu okwedlulele aestheticism, wokuziqambela futhi amorality noma ukuziphatha okubi. Futhi kwalezi zinhlangothi ezimbili ezeqisayo alizimele wafuna synthesize emsebenzini wakhe, leonid Andreev. Konke lokhu kwaba isici ithalente yakhe yasekuqaleni abakhaliphile futhi temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba yakhe kwaba ngokushesha liyabonakala, yize ayengaphethe isipho lokubhala ngobuciko ngaphansi othile - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngaphansi Garshina, kungakhathaliseki ngaphansi laseChekhov futhi Dostoevsky, umsebenzi okuyinto bahlonishwe. Kumele wanezela ukuthi enkathini yokuthomba futhi ke kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe ayeyifunda Schopenhauer futhi Nietzsche, futhi wabonisa ukuthi wayebabheka njengoba abeluleki sabo esingokomoya.

abazali

Leonid Andreev wazalelwa emndenini sasivumela ocebile. umkhulu ozala wayengumholi wempi yezikhulu, kanye ugogo - enqabeni. Lesi sihloko waya Umkhulu handsome. Umuzwa ojulile ubulungisa futhi bayakulangazelela lokhu ukuphuza - kuyise, a Umdabuli, taxotere (Evaluator), oshone zokusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-42. A uthando umbhali konke kwaba kuhle ubophekile ukuba umama - omele abampofu umndeni Polish ezihloniphekayo, abamthandayo ngenhliziyo yonke. Ngakho, emzini orel isikhulu umndeni Agasti 21, 1871 wazalwa esizayo, "nezazi Russian Sphinx", njengoba ebizwa abantu bangesikhathi sakhe.

amateur Umculi

ABC wafunda eneminyaka engu-6 futhi yagcinwa kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe umkhuba ukulifunda voraciously. Esikoleni esiphakeme sendawo orel langena engu-11, wafunda ngale ndaba, kodwa isebenza - esenana nokuxazulula izinkinga - wabhala cishe lonke ikilasi, ayengamakhulu zonke azifani ngesimo. Kodwa mayelana nanoma yisiphi ngokubhala leonid Andreev akazange acabange, ngoba kwaba umdwebo matasa ngokuphelele. Waba umdwebi onguchwepheshe kusukela orel kungafundwa art, kodwa ikhono lokudonsa esifanayo ezinhle ukondla umkhaya wayo - wabe esekhokhelwa ruble 11 okwesikhathi portrait. Eminyaka ngemva kokufa komlobi umsebenzi wakhe waqala ukubonisa emibukisweni ngamazwe, kanye yobuciko yokudweba amakhosi abantu besikhathi sakhe.

Kusukela Petersburg eMoscow

Khona-ke leonid Andreev biography okuzoba isikhathi esithile ixhunywe nge umuzi uMfula iNeva ungena khona Metropolitan University emnyangweni wokuqulwa kwamacala ezinkantolo. Kodwa ngokushesha uyise eshona, futhi umndeni uthola ezimweni ezinjalo straitened, okuvame kwadingeka ukuba azibulale bonke. Ngokwemvelo, ezimweni lapho emahlombe akhe walala enovalo ngalezi zinto, umbhali esizayo kwaba apolitical ngokuphelele. Ngemva kokushiya inhlokodolobha, umkhaya wathuthela uhlamvu eMoscow, lapho Andreev nge sikhathi, mangisho, kakhulu ngempumelelo iziqu umnyango ukuxhumana we-University of eMoscow, ne ilungelo ukusebenza kule mkhakha zomthetho. Njengoba ayeqhubeka etadisha iminyaka emihlanu.

Yokubonisana uthando nangokomzwelo

Kuyadingeka ukuba liyasho ukuthi lo muntu umxhwele handsome izici ezintekenteke kwadingeka abesifazane sithandwa futhi wayemthanda inkanuko kubo - akakwazanga ukucabanga ukuphila ngaphandle kothando. Futhi ngenhlanhla ngineminyaka engu azibulale: imfuna azenzile abathathu bazama ukubaleka ukuphila - ukuthi ebusheni bakhe nobuwula kule minyaka 16 luhlala phakathi komzila (fatalist), wabe esemdubula yena inhliziyo intombi ukwenqaba ukuba ngishade naye. Empeleni, lo mzamo yesibili futhi kwaholela ukukhubazeka inhliziyo nokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Waqaphela indaba yokuqala

Ukuqala umsebenzi wakhe etemibhalo umbhali leonid Andreyev iphathelene 1898. Kulapho "Courier", lapho wathola ukubhala izikhangiso ezinde, sici izihloko, kanye nezinye amanothi, eshicilelwe indaba yakhe yokuqala, "Bargamot futhi Garas'ko". On esikhanyayo, ithalente yasekuqaleni Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngokushesha ngemva indaba yokuqala kwakukhona nomlobi obonwa abafundi, ukugxeka nokuphikisa Maxim Gorky, lawo ngokushesha wammema angena umphakathi "Ulwazi" futhi simazi kangcono zonke emhlabeni lwembhali. On the L. N. Andreeve Wakhuluma, lapho ngo-1901 wanyathelisa indaba yakhe "Kwasukasukela," waba abadumile, wayemthanda, zamukelwe.

Ukuthandwa Amazing

Leonid Andreev, ogama biography manje bangahlukani ezihambisana kuphela lokubhala imisebenzi, kwaba umbhali adume. Kwake kwaba nesikhathi lapho eshiya in ukuthandwa hhayi kuphela Veresaeva futhi Bunin, kodwa Gorky, kanye nezimali wayengumuntu bebangalasa. Ngokusho umzukulu wakhe, wabe esekhokhelwa ruble 5 igolide emugqeni (umugca ngemugca eRussia, isizathu kuphela ukukhokha kuye). Kubakaki kubikwa ukuthi inkukhu ke abiza 14 amasenti. Leonid Andreyev ulimi omangalisayo tetemibhalo, izindaba engavamile, temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba yakhe ithumba. imisebenzi emangalisa ka "UJuda Iskariyothe", "umqondo", "Life Vasiliya Fiveyskogo", indaba "Yena" ukuthi abantu ababephila ngokuthi ngobuciko Russian Gothic - ngamunye umsebenzi wakhe babheke phambili, ngayifunda ngiphindelela, kuxoxwa yonke indawo.

Oshisekayo futhi limelene namaSoviet

Leonida Andreeva lokusungula cishe elingaziwa ukuze isizukulwane samanje. Umfundi Soviet angazanga kuze 60s, futhi okufanele asolwe «SOS» - isikhalo abaholi Western ukulondoloza eRussia kusukela amaBolshevik. Lokhu ngeke athethelelwe. Mhlawumbe esikhathini esizayo esiseduze ukuthi zizoshintsha, ngoba ezinye izindaba omlobi kufakwe yezifundo zezikole. Bright ezingalindelekile ngesakhiwo esonta, kubhalwe kahle ngolimi ecacile okukhiphayo umkhiqizo omlobi brilliant kuya phezulu Isiliva Ubudala kwezincwadi Russian. Ngamunye ingane yakhe ngakho ngokuphelele ukuthi kunzima ukuqamba ezinye zazo isiqongo zokudala. Mhlawumbe labo kungaba inoveli "Diary sikaSathane", noma ngabe sekuphelile. Bengathokozile uSathane Andreev, azungeza emunweni wakhe abantu abaye baba ngobuchule futhi meaner ewufanele uzwela abafundi nozwela ngobuqotho. Nokho, "The Mirror we Russian Revolution" benanela mayelana leonid Andreev kabi, kodwa abayithandayo of umbhali wale awuzange eyehlisiwe.

uhlobo ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe

Ngokungafani ubani omunye emsebenzini wakhe, LN Andreev empilweni kwakungenele onjengendodana. Yena wayevelele kuyo yonke imiphakathi. Umkakhe wokuqala kwaba Umshana Taras Shevchenko vnuchatnaya - Veligorodskaya Alexander, owafa ngenxa kwangemva kokubeletha imfiva. Unkosikazi wesibili u-Ana Ilinichna Denisevich, owawungumnyaka nonobhala wakhe wokuqala kanye kuphela etemibhalo. Lapho eseshadile umkhaya omkhulu lonke lithuthele emzini yabo, wathenga edolobhaneni Finnish Vammelsu. iminyaka 1916-1917 Andreev seSt Petersburg, kodwa Okthoba Revolution engathathi isinyathelo esiqine imigomo kungenzeka. Wabuyela Finland, okuyinto ngokushesha alishiye Russia. Umbhali izindaba ezimangalisayo ezifana "I eziyisikhombisa babebethelelwe eminqamlezweni" futhi "uhleko Red", njengoba IIya Repin e Penates wakhe, waba bamazwe angaphandle.

alibangise ekhaya Bound

Leonid Andreyev, Biography iDemo okuyinto ngempela esifushane kakhulu, efana, eqinisweni, ukuphila ... Umlobi ushone eneminyaka engu-48 yisifo senhliziyo. Akazange afele ekhaya, futhi ngezinye yomngani F. N. Falkovskogo. Ukufa iphutha 12 Septhemba, 1919. Wembelwa Marioka. Nokho, ngo-1956-ke kwaveza bazingcwabe kabusha zemizimba kwi "Literatorskie semikhumbi siyaphithizela" - indawo le volkov emathuneni eLeningrad. Inzala umbhali abahlala Paris, America, abanye - e Moscow, ukubuyela ozimisele ukusiza Kliment Voroshilov.