Life kanye Works of Dostoevsky

Kulesi sihloko, sizofunda lezo zichaza ukuphila futhi umsebenzi Dostoevsky kafushane akutshele mayelana izenzakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu. Fyodor Mikhailovich wazalwa ngo-October 30 (indlela endala yokubhala - 11) e 1821. Dostoevsky indzaba uyokwethula inkulumo nawe imisebenzi eyisisekelo, ipumelelo lokhu umuntu osensimini etemibhalo. Kodwa ake ngiqale kusukela ekuqaleni - kusukela umsuka umbhali esizayo, ne yomlando wakhe.

izinkinga Dostoevsky kungaba ngokujulile baqonde kuphela wajwayelana nokuphila eyayisenhliziyweni yale ndoda. Phela, eqanjiwe uhlale ngandlela-thile ubonisa izici Biography of the umdali imisebenzi. Endabeni Dostoevsky Into ephawuleka kakhulu.

Umsuka Dostoyevsky

Ubaba Fyodor wazalwa amagatsha Rtishchevo, inzalo Rtishchev Daniil Ivanovich, wasemuva ku South-West of neRussia yama-Orthodox Ukholo. Wasekubeka ngoba ezifezwayo Dostoevo edolobhaneni elise sifundazwe Podolsk. Dostoevsky nesibongo uvela khona.

Nokho, ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, uhlanga ampofu Dostoevsky. Andrei Mikhailovich, Umkhulu lalobhalako, esifundeni sase Podolsk, edolobheni Bratslav, archpriest. Mikhail, sinesithakazelo ekutheni uyise lombhali, iziqu ngesikhathi esifanele Medico-Steel Academy. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, ngo-1812, walwa ne-French kunomunye, bese, ngo-1819, washada Nechaeva Maria Feodorovna, indodakazi umthengisi kusuka eMoscow. Mikhail, umhlalaphansi, wathola kwadokotela e esibhedlela Mariinsky, evulekile abampofu, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i e Bozhedomka abantu.

Lapho Dostoevsky wazalwa?

umbhali Aphathimenti umndeni esizayo ubekade iphiko kwesokudla esibhedlela. Kuyo, ngaphansi udokotela uhulumeni efulethini ekhethiwe, wazalwa 1821, Fyodor Mikhailovich. Unina, njengoba sekushiwo, wayevela uhlobo bathengisi. Izithombe zika bafe ngaphambi kwesikhathi, nobubha, izifo, disorder - ngamawala lomfana, okwakuthatha ukuma bedle umbono wezwe yomlobi esizayo, engavamile kakhulu. umsebenzi Dostoevsky sika libonise lokhu.

Isimo emndenini umbhali esizayo

Igcwele isikhathi abangafika kwabangu-9 umndeni waphoqeleka ukuba badlali abahlanganayo ukuze amakamelo amabili kuphela. Mikhail kwaba hypochondriac futhi indoda uhluthuke.

Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu ohluke kwaba Maria Fedorovna: yezitolo, bejabule, uhlobo. Ubuhlobo phakathi kwabazali lomfana zazisekelwe kwakuwukuthi kwaneliswa nezifiso kanye intando kayise. Nurse futhi umama womlobi esizayo ahlonishwe amasiko enkolo engcwele yezwe, kwadaleka lenhlonipho ukholo zoyise izizukulwane ezizayo. Maria Feodorovna wafa esemncane - eneminyaka engu-36 weminyaka. Yena wembelwa Lazarev emathuneni.

Ukwazana lokuqala izincwadi

Ezemfundo kanye nesayensi enikelwe isikhathi esiningi emkhayeni Dostoevsky. Lapho esemncane Dostoevsky ngathola injabulo ngokuxhumana ncwadi. Imisebenzi bokuqala, nabo wahlangana, - Folk yezinganekwane Arina Arkhipovna, Nanny. Lokhu kwalandelwa Pushkin futhi Zhukovsky - abalobi ozithandayo Maria Feodorovna.

Fyodor Mikhailovich zisencane bajwayelana zabuna ezinkulu izincwadi emhlabeni: uHugo, Cervantes kanye ne-Homer. Uyise wahlela ukuba umkhaya kusihlwa ukufunda imisebenzi N. M. Karamzina "Umlando isimo Russian." Konke lokhu wagxilisa esizayo umbhali isithakazelo ekuqaleni izincwadi. Life kanye Works of Fyodor Dostoevsky ngeemveke imvelo, lapho kwakukhona khona lokhu umbhali.

Mikhail efuna izikhulu lezinceku

Mikhail e 1827 ngoba inkonzo enzima futhi omuhle waklonyeliswa Order of the degree 3rd of eSt Anne, futhi ngemva konyaka wahlonishwa elisezingeni zekhotho Collegiate, okwakunginika kuyilapho Yamalungelo izikhulu sitholwa njengefa. Uyise umbhali esizayo kwaba kahle ukubaluleka imfundo ephakeme futhi ke wafuna sina ulungiselela ukungena ezikhungweni zemfundo izingane zabo.

Usizi lokukhulelwa ebuntwaneni, Dostoevsky

Umlobi esizayo ebusheni bakhe basinda nhlekelele oshiye i uphawu ongenakucimeka wokulingwa on umphefumulo wakhe for a lifetime. Wayethanda umqondo enjengoyomntwana indodakazi yakhe abapheki, oneminyaka engu-intombazane. Ngesinye isikhathi, usuku ehlobo kwaba khona ukukhala engadini. Fedor wagijimela phandle wambona elele zidabukile ingubo emhlophe phansi. Ntombazane belunguza abesifazane. Kusukela kungxoxo yabo Fedor waqaphela ukuthi ibangelwa nhlekelele waba umalalepayipini udakiwe. Ngemva kwalokho, thina waya kuyise, kodwa usizo lwakhe aluzange akudingayo, ngoba le ngane ishonele.

umbhali Ezemfundo

Fyodor Mikhailovich wathola imfundo esemncane esikoleni esingesona esikahulumeni eMoscow. Kanti yena 1838 afakiwe le etholakala Petersburg Main Engineering School. Wathweswa iziqu ngo-1843 futhi waba unjiniyela lempi.

Ngaleyo minyaka, lesi sikole elalibhekwa njengelinye lamazwe nezinhlangano ezweni. Akukho ngozi weza eziningi abantu abadumile. Dostoevsky phakathi namaqabane emazweni ekolishi kwaba eningi ithalente, kamuva savela zibe ubuntu owaziwa. It Dmitry Grigorovich (umbhali), Constantin Trutovsky (umculi), u-Ilya Sechenov (physiologist) U-Eduard Totleben (umhleli ekumeleleni Sevastopol), Fyodor Radetzky (Shipka iqhawe). Akufundisa lapha njengoba eyala wokusiza ekhethekile. Ngokwesibonelo, ezweni kanye nomlando kazwelonke, izincwadi Russian, imidwebo kanye izakhiwo civil.

Inhlekelele ye "ndoda omncane"

Dostoevsky umphakathi ophithizelayo abafundi ayethanda ubumfihlo. Ukufunda kwaba yokuchitha isizungu esithandayo. Erudition yomlobi esizayo kwaba bomshado emangalisayo. Kodwa isifiso sokuba yedwa futhi kude e ubuntu bakhe Kwakungesona imfanelo isegazini. I Fyodor esikoleni kwadingeka akhuthazelele usizi umphefumulo okuthiwa "ndoda omncane". Ngempela, kulesi sikole abafundi babe ikakhulukazi izingane ubushiqela futhi ubushiqela wezempi. Abazali izipho othisha bazo, wakwenza izindlela. Esimweni esinjalo, Dostoevsky wabheka eziyinqaba, ngokuvamile ngaphansi ukuthukwa nokuhlekwa usulu. Engqondweni yakhe phakathi naleyo minyaka lwavutha umqondo wazazisa, lokubonakala nomsebenzi wesikhathi esizayo Dostoevsky.

Kodwa ngalezi zingqinamba, Fyodor Mikhailovich wakwazi ukufeza ukuqashelwa futhi bomshado nothisha. Zonke sesibonile phezu isikhathi ukuthi lokhu umuntu ohlakaniphile ezehlukile kanye nekhono oluvelele.

ukushona kukayise

Ngo-1839, July 8, esuka apoplexy ngokuzumayo uyise Fyodor wafa. Kwakunamahemuhemu okuthi bekungelona ukufa yemvelo - wabulawa ngoba ebukhali bomoya amadoda. Izindaba washaqeka Dostoevsky, futhi naye okokuqala yaba nesithuthwane, kuzalwa njengebika ikusasa yisithuthwane ngokulandelana kwawo, kusuka lapho Dostoevsky wahlupheka kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe.

Izikhungo wobunjiniyela, imisebenzi yokuqala

Dostoevsky ngo-1843, ngemva kokuphothula laliphathelene ngasebenza kwabosizo lokuqala Corps of Engineers eqenjini ngemisebenzi yobunjiniyela at St Petersburg, kodwa kafushane yakhonza khona. Ngemva konyaka wanquma ukuzibandakanya emsebenzini tetemibhalo, abanothando eyayintula isikhathi eside. Okokuqala, waqala ukuhumushela zabuna, ezifana Balzac. Ngemva kwesikhashana, kwakukhona umbono inoveli izinhlamvu ngokuthi "abantu abampofu." Kwaba umsebenzi wokuqala ezimele oqala umsebenzi Dostoevsky sika. Lokhu kwalandelwa izindaba nasezincwadini ziye: "Mnu Prokharchin", "kabili", "Netochka Nezvanova", "White Nights".

Rapprochement nombuthano Petrashevists nemiphumela ebuhlungu

1847 imakwe rapprochement nge Butashevich-Petrashevsky, owayengifundela adumile "Friday". Kwakuwusuku umgqugquzeli kanye fan of-Fourier. On lezi kusihlwa umbhali wahlangana izimbongi Apollonom Maykovym, Alekseem Plescheevym, Aleksandrom Palmom, Sergeem Durovym, kanye nesazi Saltykov kanye nososayensi uVladimir Milyutin futhi Nikolaem Mordvinovym. Emihlanganweni kwaxoxwa Petrashevists izimfundiso sezenhlalo, amacebo izinxushunxushu wamavukelambuso. Dostoevsky kwaba umsekeli ukuqedwa osheshayo serfdom eRussia.

Nokho, uhulumeni efundile umbuthano, futhi 1849, 37 ababambiqhaza, kuhlanganise Dostoevsky, ababeboshwe uPetru noPawulu Fortress. Bagwetshwe ukufa, kodwa uMbusi yasithambisa isigwebo, futhi umbhali wadingiselwa kanzima eSiberia.

Ngo Tobolsk, ejele

Waya Tobolsk ku frost esabekayo emazweni isihlibhi evulekile. Lapha kubafazi Decembrists, Annenkov futhi Fonvizin wavakashela Petrashevists. Feat laba besifazane bayahlonishwa lonke lelo zwe. Ngamunye bamnikeza wagwetshwa ngokuvumelana Gospel, lapho imali yayisenziwa etshaliwe. Iqiniso ukuthi iziboshwa zazingavunyelwe ukuba imali yabo, ngakho ubizwa sashintsha isikhashana kwezimo zokuphila ezinzima.

Ejele umbhali eqaphela indlela lajulile, umqondo zokucabangela we "UbuKristu entsha" kusukela nomuzwa Kristu, ogama ukwesekwa - abantu. Fyodor lapha wakhipha entsha "lokholo." Kusekelwe uhlobo Abantu lobuKristu. Ngemva kwalokho, lokhu kubonakale umsebenzi obengeziwe Dostoevsky, okuyinto thina Uzokutshela kamuva.

ezempi ngo Omsk

Ukuze uthole umbhali, iminyaka emine kanzima salandelwa ngemva ezithile isikhathi empini. Wayelethwa ephelezelwa eqashelwe kusukela Omsk ukuze Semipalatinsk. Lapha impilo kanye nomsebenzi we Dostoevsky baqhubeka. Umlobi wakhonza esikhundleni ongavamile ke wathola isikhundla isikhulu. Wabuyela Petersburg kuze kube sekupheleni 1859.

Publishing womagazini

Ngalesi sikhathi, ngaqala imfuno ongokomoya Dostoevsky, ngubani, esikhathini esiyiminyaka engu-60 yaphela kumiswa izinkolelo umbhali pochvennicheskih. Biography nangemisebenzi yokuphulukisa Dostoevsky ngalesi sikhathi kuphawulwa imicimbi elandelayo. Umlobi kusukela 1861, kanye uMichael, umfowabo, waqala ukusakaza umagazini obizwa ngokuthi "Isikhathi", bese ukuvimbela ke - "Epoch". Ukusebenza kuma amabhuku amasha nomagazini, Fyodor Mikhailovich athuthukile umbono wakhe inkinga isibalo somphakathi futhi umbhali ezweni lethu - a Russian, i okufana yasekuqaleni zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni yobuKristu.

Imisebenzi yokuqala ye umbhali ngemva kanzima

Life kanye Works of Dostoevsky ngemva Tobolsk zishintshile eziningi. Ngo 1861 kwakukhona noveli yokuqala omlobi ukuthi wadala emva ekubeletheni. Kulesi umsebenzi ( "I edelelwa kwalimala") ububele Dostoevsky 'nabantu kancane "ngubani babhekana ngu adingekayo ukuhlazeka ephakade. Ngazuza okukhulu nomphakathi ngokuthi "iNdlu Dead" (iminyaka sokudalwa - 1861-1863), eyayihunyushwe iqaliswe kwelinye ijele umbhali. Esikhathini magazini "Isikhathi" yavela "Winter Amanothi Summer Okuvelayo" e-1863. Bona Fyodor wagxeka uhlelo Sasentshonalanga izinkolelo zombusazwe. Ngo-1864 kwavela ukushicilelwa "Amanothi kusukela Underground". Lolu hlobo wesivumo Dostoevsky. Encwadini yakhe ethi, yena ahoxa yakhe ngaphambili kwezifiso zawo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho umsebenzi Dostoevsky sika

Chaza kafushane eminye imisebenzi omlobi. Ngo 1866 wabonakala inoveli ngokuthi "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso", okuyinto ubhekwa izinto eziphawuleka kakhulu emsebenzini wakhe. Ngo-1868 kwafika "I Idiot" inoveli, lapho benza umzamo ukwakha iqhawe omuhle, okuyinto umelana okuzingela, izwe unonya. Eminyakeni 70 lokusungula FM Dostoevsky uyaqhubeka. Esaba amanoveli ezifana laziwe kabanzi ngokuthi "The Possessed" (ngonyaka ka ncwadi - 1871), futhi "Ingane" ezavela 1879. "Abafowethu Karamazov" - inoveli, owawungumnyaka umsebenzi wokugcina. Wafingqa Dostoevsky. Iminyaka inoveli - 1879-1880. Kulesi umsebenzi, umlingiswa oyinhloko, Alyosha Karamazov, ngokusiza abanye ezikhathini zokuhlupheka nokuhlupheka, qiniseka ukuthi into ebaluleke kunazo zonke ekuphileni kwethu - usuzwa ukuthethelela nothando. Ngo-1881, 9 Februwari, Dostoevskiy Fedor Mihaylovich wafa Petersburg.

Life kanye Works of Dostoevsky kafushane ezichazwe kulesi sihloko. Asinakusho ukuthi umlobi uhlale nesithakazelo ngokwengeziwe lonke inkinga yomuntu. Bhala mayelana nalesi sici kubalulekile ukuthi kwaba umsebenzi Dostoevsky sika, kafushane.

Lapha sibona indoda igama umbhali

Fyodor Mikhailovich ngesikhathi wonke umsebenzi wakhe ecabanga inkinga eyinhloko lwesintu - indlela ukuqhosha, okuyinto esemqoka umthombo ukwehlukana kubantu. Yiqiniso, zikhona nezinye izindikimba umsebenzi Dostoevsky, kodwa ngokuyinhloko esekelwe kuwo lokhu. Umlobi babekholelwa engatholwa yinoma ubani kithi unekhono ukudala. Futhi kumelwe wenze kanjalo, besahlala, udinga ukuzisho. Ezihlobene umbhali Umuntu wanikezela ukuphila kwakhe lonke. Biography kanye lokusungula ka Dostoevsky kuqinisekisiwe.