Rzeczpospolita

Rzeczpospolita - isimo, okuyinto wabunjwa ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha eMpumalanga Yurophu. Ukwakheka amandla esisha sahlanganisa Grand Duchy of Lithuania ne emazweni awo (Lithuanian kweqiniso futhi unamathisele) nePoland kanye emazweni efanayo. State khona cishe emakhulwini amabili eminyaka, kwaze kwaba enolaka Austro-Hungary neRussia wangaba phansi e-Commonwealth. Eyokuqala kwesigaba Commonwealth okuqaliswe ekupheleni ezweni elikhulu, eyayintula ikhasi elikhanyayo esikhathini yomlando wabo.

Ngakho, nokuhlanganiswa kwala mazwe womabili elalihluke kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu weshumi nane. Khona-ke, ukuze baqaphele zamaJalimane Order, Poland naseLithuania udale umbimbi yesikhashana ezempi nezombusazwe ukuba akwazi ukuxosha isitha. Lokhu kusiza lalimisa kokuvalelwa mezhdinastiynym ukushadana kwezihlobo Jagiello futhi Lithuanian Polka Jadwiga. Lo mbuso onomoya elibusayo baganiselana, ngaleyo ndlela united, futhi amandla. Kodwa njengoba sazi, akukho ngaphezulu unomphela than esikhashana, ngakho kwalolu mbimbi ezempi nezombusazwe wayeqhubeka ephila ngokuthula beqondiswa omele lokuqala lwamakhosi Lithuanian, bese - Polish. Ngemva kwalokho, oshayelayo ezingaphezu kuka wema nabasePoland, kuyilapho empeleni wagabadela amandla isimo.

a rapprochement kwasiza ukuvala indlela yokuphila nabasePoland naseLithuania. Izizwe ezimbili kuningi ababefana kungakhathaliseki ukuthi azifani kanjani ayisisekelo, isibonelo ngokholo. Nokho, ngaphambi nje ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kweyikhulu, ukuHlangana bekulokhu sasivumela esitebeleni.

Imfundo esemthethweni e-Commonwealth Yenzeka eminyakeni ethi ayibe namashumi amahlanu kuphela, ngo-1569. Ngenxa yalesi inhlangano wakhuthaza zombili, ikakhulukazi naseLithuania ababefuna amalungelo alinganayo kanye le gentry Polish. Futhi, nabasePoland Sekuyisikhathi eside kwadingeka iso zabo phezu kwezwe Ukrainian evundile, ingxenye enkulu elalisendlini Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

Rzeczpospolita wamiswa Lublin Sejm, okuyinto wabutha izihambeli ezivela emazweni amabili. NabasePoland ukudla ka ngokucacile khulumela umqondo wokuthobela omunye umuntu ukuhlanganiswa ngokugcwele emazweni Rzeczpospolita Lithuanian. On the ingxenye naseLithuania yezwakala iziphakamiso isiphelo sesimiso i Union equilateral. Lublin Sejm sonakala ngu insinuations amaningi yi nabasePoland. NaseLithuania babeze ephoqeleka ukuba ashiye izindlela izingxoxo ukudambisa isimo futhi sithole isikhathi. Kwenye yalezi usuke ungekho Poland ezinqumela kufakwe ubulungu bayo cishe kuwo wonke amazwe Ukraine. Ngokwemvelo, leyo ingxenye Lithuanian akakwazanga ukubekezelela Antics lokho yisiKhulu nabasePoland, naseLithuania ngakho ezingaphezu kwesisodwa waphikelela ngokuthi imigomo ezosiza, kunokuba sohlangothi olulodwa, wasibonisa indlela esingayenza ngayo Poland. Nakuba kwaphinde kwaba nokungezwani kwezigodi enjalo baqhubeka, futhi baqhubeka iMpi Livonian, okuyinto abe nomthelela omubi Lithuania. Isimo ngamazwe akazange avumele naseLithuania abonise izimo zabo, ngakho ngemva esithile iyehla iyenyuka ohlangothini Lithuanian wabuyela Lublin futhi bavuma ukuthatha engathandwa izinto zakhe kule dokhumenti. Kusukela manje ibalazwe Europe, isimo esisha - Rzeczpospolita. Kuzo zonke izici, kwaba sobala ukuthi umsebenzi omkhulu yokubuyisana kwakwenziwa Yiqiniso zazo kwakunokwenzeka ukuthola ukusilela. Gentry wawo womabili la mazwe nakakhulu ngokusondelana each nye.

Rzeczpospolita phakathi ukhona, wachitha isikhathi esiningi empini. Elinganqobeki Cossacks Ukraine kakhulu wasilethela inkathazo ezingaphezu kuka bayazuza izinkonzo zabo. Cishe zonke ukhona Rzeczpospolita zalwa njalo nabo. Futhi emva Union of Ukraine neRussia wanezela nesinye abaphikisi entsha. amandla isiRashiya, nakuba belwa nabasePoland umusa Ukraine, Nokho, ukuthola izinto esivumelana ngazo ohambweni ngokuhlanganyela. Ngakho, insimu Ukraine yahlukaniswa Andrusovo inkontileka. Poland yazuza ukulawula ibhange kwesokudla, kodwa ukudalelwa le Rzeczpospolita efanayo Russian futhi izohlukaniswa futhi kuzophela le ndawo yayikhona.