Okokuqala the Moon

Eyokuqala ukubalekela inyanga esenziwa mkhathi Soviet. It wethulwa ngo-1958, January 2nd. Ngokusho kohlelo indiza, iyunithi "Luna 1" wathatha indawo ebusweni satellite woMhlaba 6000 amakhilomitha. Ngawo lowo nyaka, ngemva kwesikhashana, omunye mkhathi salolu chungechunge safinyelela ebusweni kwenyanga.

Ukuze baye lawela amadoda aqale the Moon, omningi osekwenziwe. It kwaqala ngawo-1960 ngasekupheleni e-United States. Feza indiza phezu satellite Zomhlaba kanye nokubuya ngempumelelo umuntu sekunqunyiwe kule minyaka eyishumi ezayo.

Ngaphezu ukuxazulula umsebenzi kuqala yokudala isiqalisi efanela ukuthekelisa hhayi amathani esingaphansi ezingamakhulu amathathu ku-Earth, hhayi ngaphansi kwekhulu amathani orbit ezinqunywa ngokuthwasa kwenyanga, umsebenzi wenziwa kokudalwa 'Apollo "(mkhathi).

Qala "Apollo 11" kwenziwa ngo-1969, ku-16 Julayi. Julayi 20 izinyathelo kuqala ku nenyanga kwaqala. Njengengxenye namatilosi omkhumbi babe Edwin Aldrin (umshayeli) futhi uNeil Armstrong (umlawuli). On kwenyanga orbit umyalo elinde umyalo module Maykl Kollinz (umshayeli).

Isilinganiselo umkhumbi ebusweni kwenyanga ephakanyiswe uthuli. Osomkhathi ziye zaqaphela ukuthi luyaphumelela uthuli landizela cishe parallel ebusweni.

Izinyathelo zokuqala on enyangeni babe baqaphe. isivinini ukunyakaza kwaba asisikhulu kunenkosi 0.5 m / s. Okokuqala the Moon iminonjana sihleli e ebusweni enothuli, sijule ke ngo-ingaba isentimitha. Ukuhambisana ibhalansi akuzange kumenze nobunzima ethile.

Njengoba kamuva wathi Armstrong, ukudonsa kwi isiphuphutheki nicer okuningi kuka ku-Earth, ngisho kancane nicer kuka weightlessness. Uma ngephutha iwe ngesisu wakhe bengazizwa khona ukukhuphuka ngaphandle nobunzima, odalwe kuyanda ngemuva kokungaboni ngaso emhlane wakhe.

Inqobo nje uma kuqala enyangeni le osomkhathi wafunda ebusweni ngokusagolide lapho ilanga liphuma. Amancane ukuphakama kwelanga ngokuphelele emkhathizwe akusho ngokucacile ukwenza imibala. Uma uphume cab, baseMelika wathola ukuthi kwenyanga inhlabathi futhi idwala izingcezwana e mpofu omnyama. Ngesikhathi kwenyanga kokwehla Kwamanzi kahle simboziwe. Angikwazanga ukubona izinkanyezi. Umhlaba Good kwaba ebonakalayo.

Umhlaba ngesikhathi indiza ye osomkhathi lalisenyakatho degree angaba ngu-30 ukusuka zenith. Lapho ubuka it ngokuyinhloko ovelele imibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomhlophe. Nokho, ungabona bha futhi taupe.

Nakuba phezu satellite eMhlabeni, i-osomkhathi ungazizwa akukho iphunga. Nokho, ukubuyela module kwenyanga nokususa yisigqoko ngokucijile wazizwa iphunga emhlabathini. Moon uthuli balethwa izicathulo kanye nezingubo. Iphunga kwaba okunoshukela.

Ukufika kwabantu surface eMhlabeni we isiphuphutheki impumelelo enkulu emlandweni ekunqotshweni isikhala emkhathini. Umuntu wokuqala lawela phezu inyanga, kwakungekho amahora angaphezu kwamabili.

Emva "Apollo 11" emkhathini mikhankaso bathunyelwa kasithupha eminyakeni embalwa eduze satellite eMhlabeni. Ososayensi balinganisela ukuthi abahlanu babo baye baphumelela kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, izinkinga umkhumbi "Apollo 13" wayengakwazi ukufinyelela kobuso inyanga. Overflights komzila wokuzungeza ezinqunywa ngokuthwasa kwenyanga, wabuyela Earth.

Ngokuvamile, osomkhathi ayishumi nambili ayengamaparele ku surface eMhlabeni we-satellite. Ubude kokuhlala kwabantu ku nenyanga, ngokuvamile, izinsuku ezimbalwa. kumakhabheni Ngaphandle yayiqhutshelwa phezu amahora amabili nambili, le osomkhathi ngisho sekudlule emshinini self ezinezinjini nedlanzana amakhilomitha ambalwa zenyanga.

Kuyoze kube phakade ngokuvakashela surface inyanga lenziwa isamba esikhulu ucwaningo. Ngokuhamba yesayensi baye baqoqa ngu-380 kilograms inhlabathi enqunywa ngokuthwasa kwenyanga. Ucwaningo masampuli babehilelekile hhayi kuphela laboratories American, kodwa nakwezinye izifundazwe.

Ngemuva kokuqala "Apollo 17" enyangeni yalengiswa. Baphindela ngemva engamashumi amabili. Ngo-1994 kwamiswa satellite encane wethulwa ku-orbit enqunywa ngokuthwasa kwenyanga.