Ukuphakama kwelanga ngenhla: ukushintsha nokulinganisa. Ukuphuma kwelanga ngoDisemba

Ukuphila emhlabeni wethu kuxhomeke ekutheni ilanga nokushisa. Kuyingozi ukucabanga ngisho nangomzuzwana okwakungenzeka uma ngabe kwakungakaze kube inkanyezi enjalo esibhakabhakeni njengeSanga. Wonke amaqabunga otshani, amaqabunga onke, yonke imbali idinga ukufudumala nokukhanya, njengabantu abasemazulwini.

I-angle of incidence yemisebe yelanga ilingana nokuphakama kwelanga ngaphezulu komkhathi

Inani lokukhanya kwelanga nokushisa okungena emhlabathini lihambisana ngokuqondile nendawo yokukhanya kwemisebe. Imisebe yelanga ingase iwele eMhlabeni ekhoneni lika-0 kuya ku-90 degrees. I-angle yemisebe emhlabathini ihlukile, ngoba iplanethi yethu inesimo somkhakha. Okukhulu kunalokho, ukukhanya nokufudumala kuyinto.

Ngakho-ke, uma i-boriti ihamba nge-angle ye-0 degrees, i-slides kuphela emhlabathini ngaphandle kokuyishisa. Lesi sigaba sesehlakalo sisezimpondweni zaseNyakatho naseNingizimu, ngaphesheya kwe-Arctic Circle. Ezingxenyeni ezifanele, imisebe yelanga iwela phezu kwe-equator kanye nasemkhatsini we-Southern and Northern Tropics.

Uma i-angle yokukhanya kwelanga ihlaba phansi impela, kusho ukuthi ilanga lisendaweni yalo.

Ngakho-ke, i-angle of the rays on the surface of the earth kanye nokuphakama kwelanga ngaphezu kwezwe lilingana nomunye nomunye. Zixhomeke ekuhambeni kwezwe. Ngokusondela ku-zero latitude, i-angle of incidence yemisebe eduze kwama-degrees angu-90, ukuphakama kwelanga kuphezu kwezulu, ukufudumala nokukhanya.

Lokho ilanga lishintsha ukuphakama kwalo ngenhla

Ukuphakama kwelanga ngaphezu kwezwe akusiyo njalo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, njalo kuguquka. Isizathu salokhu sisekuhambeni okuqhubekayo kwePlanethi yoMhlaba nxazonke zenkanyezi yeS Sun, kanye nokujikeleza kwePlanethi yoMhlaba ezungeze i-axis yayo. Ngenxa yalokho, usuku lubuyiselwa ubusuku, kanti izinkathi zonyaka zithandana.

Insimu phakathi kwama-tropical ithola ukushisa nokukhanya okukhulu, lapha imini nobusuku cishe lilingana esikhathini eside, kanti ilanga liyizikhathi ezimbili ngonyaka.

Ubuso obungaphesheya kwendilinga ye-polar thola ukushisa okuncane nokukhanya, kunezinto ezinjengobusuku nobusuku, okuhlala cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha.

Izinsuku zekwindla kanye nezentwasahlobo ze-equinox

Izinsuku ezine ezinezinkanyezi ezinkulu zikhonjisiwe, ezithinta ukuphakama kwelanga ngaphezulu. NgoSeptemba 23 no-Mashi 21 yizinsuku zekwindla kanye ne-spring equinox. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuphakama kwelanga ngaphezu kwezulu ngoSepthemba noKhisimusi lezi zinsuku kungama-degrees angu-90.

Ama- hemispheres aseningizimu nasenyakatho akhanyiswa ilanga ngendlela efanayo, kanti ubude bobusuku bulingana nobude bosuku. Lapho ikwindla yezinkanyezi iza eNyakatho Hemisphere, eningizimu, kunalokho, entwasahlobo. Kungashiwo okufanayo ebusika nasehlobo. Uma iNingizimu Yezwe Yasebusika ubusika, khona-ke eNyakatho kukhona ihlobo.

Izinsuku ze-solstice zasehlobo nasebusika

Juni 22 noDisemba 22 - izinsuku ze- solstice zasehlobo nasebusika. NgoDisemba 22 yilusuku olufushane kunawo wonke kanye nobusuku obude kakhulu eNyakatho Yezwe, futhi ilanga lasebusika liphansi kakhulu ekupheleni komnyaka wonke.

Ngaphezulu kwama-degree angu-66.5, ilanga lingaphansi kwezwe futhi alivuki. Lesi simo, lapho ilanga lasebusika lingasenyakatho, libizwa ngokuthi ubusuku be-polar. Ubusuku obufushane kunesilinganiso sama-degrees angu-67 futhi luphela izinsuku ezingu-2 nje kuphela, futhi isikhathi eside kunazo zonke izigxobo futhi sinezinyanga ezingu-6!

UDisemba uvela kulo nyaka wonke ngenyanga, lapho kuNyakatho Hemisphere ubusuku obude kakhulu. Abantu baseCentral Russia bavuke ukuze basebenze ebumnyameni babuyele futhi ebumnyameni. Lena yinkimbinkimbi yabaningi, njengoba ukungabi khona kwelanga kusithinta isimo somzimba nokuziphatha kwabantu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukucindezeleka kungase kuthuthuke.

EMoscow ngo-2016 ukuphuma kwelanga ngoDisemba 1 kuzoba ngo-08.33. Ubude bosuku buzoba amahora angu-7 nemizuzu engu-29. Ukushona kwelanga kusenyakatho kuyobe kusheshe kakhulu, ngo-16.03. Ubusuku buzoba ngamahora angu-16 ama-31. Ngakho-ke, kuvela ukuthi ubude bobusuku bukhulu obuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2 kunebude bosuku!

Kulo nyaka i-solstice yasebusika ingomhlaka 21 kuDisemba. Usuku olufushane kakhulu luzohlala amahora angu-7. Khona-ke isimo esifanayo sizohlala izinsuku ezimbili. Futhi kusukela ngoDisemba 24, usuku luzoya ekuzuzeni kancane kancane, kodwa ngokuqinisekile.

Ngokwesilinganiso, usuku lokukhanya luzofakwa ngosuku. Ekupheleni kwenyanga, ukuphuma kwelanga ngoDisemba kuzoba ngehora lesi-9, okuyimaminithi angu-27 emuva kukaDisemba 1

NgoJuni 22 yilusuku lwe-solstice yehlobo. Konke okuphambene nalokho. Kuwo wonke unyaka kulolu suku usuku olude kunayo yonke isikhathi futhi ubusuku obufushane kakhulu. Lokhu kuyiqiniso eNyakatho Yezwe Elisha.

Eningizimu konke kuyaphambene. Izenzakalo zemvelo ezithakazelisayo zihlotshaniswa nalolu suku. I-Polar Circle ilandelwa usuku lwe-polar, ilanga alingaphumi ngaphezu komkhathi eNyakatho Pole izinyanga ezingu-6. E-St. Petersburg ngoJuni ubusuku obumhlophe obungaqondakali buqala. Bahlala cishe phakathi noJuni ngamasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu.

Zonke lezi zinsuku ezine zezinkanyezi zingashintsha izinsuku ezingu-1-2, njengoba unyaka welanga awuhambisani ngaso sonke isikhathi nonyaka wekhalenda. Futhi, ukuxhaphazeka kwenzeka eminyakeni yokuqeda.

Ukuphakama kwelanga ngaphezu kwezimo zezulu nezimo zezulu

Ilanga lingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kunazo zonke ezithinta isimo sezulu. Kuncike ekutheni ukuphakama kwelanga kuphezu kwendawo ethile yomhlaba kuyashintsha, izimo zezulu nezonyaka zishintsha.

Isibonelo, eMpumalanga Ekude, imisebe yelanga iwela engxenyeni encane kakhulu futhi igxile kuphela emhlabathini, ngaphandle kokushisa. Ngaphansi kwesimo salesi simo, isimo sezulu lapha sinzima kakhulu, kukhona i-permafrost, ubusika obubandayo nemimoya ekhukhulayo nezinyosi.

Ukuphakama kwelanga kusenhla, ukufudumala kwesimo sezulu. Isibonelo, e-equator, kuyashisa ngokungavamile, ezishisayo. Ukuguquguquka kwenkathi futhi okuzungeze i-equator cishe akuzwa, kulezi zindawo, ihlobo eliphakade.

Ukulinganisa ukuphakama kwelanga ngaphezulu komkhathi

Njengoba bethi, konke okuhlakaniphile kulula. Ngakho kulapha. Ithuluzi lokulinganisa ukuphakama kwelanga ngaphezu kwembulunga isisekelo. Kuyindawo engezansi enepula phakathi nobude bamamitha ayi-1. Ngosuku olususwe ilanga emini, isibonda sithatha isithunzi esifushane. Ngesiza salesi sithunzi esifushane, izibalo nezilinganiso zenziwa. Kubalulekile ukukala i-angle phakathi kokuphela kwesithunzi futhi ingxenye ixhuma ekupheleni kwesigxobo ekupheleni kwesithunzi. Leli gugu le-angle futhi lizoba ngecala lelanga ngaphezulu. Le divayisi ibizwa ngokuthi i-gnomon.

I-Gnomon iyinsimbi yasendulo yezinkanyezi. Kunezinye izinsimbi zokulinganisa ukuphakama kwelanga ngaphezulu komkhathi, njengokuthi i-sextant, quadrant, astrolabe.