Ukufana okuyinhloko komhlaba. I-Northern Tropic nezwe layo

Uma sibheke umhlaba noma imephu yezwe, sizobona igridi emigqa emincane eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Phakathi kwazo kuzoba ukufana okuyinhloko komhlaba: i-equator, imibuthano emibili ye-polar, kanye namaTropics aseNyakatho naseNingizimu. Okuningi mayelana nabo, sizoxoxa ngendaba yethu.

Ukufana okuyinhloko komhlaba

Wonke ama- meridians kanye nokufana nomfanekiso weplanethi yethu, yebo, kunemibandela futhi icabanga. Zonke zazo zafakwa emabalazweni ngezinhloso zesayensi nokusebenza. Noma kunjalo, phakathi kwazo kunezilinganiso eziyisihlanu ezibaluleke kakhulu: i-equator, imibuthano ye-polar, ezishisayo zaseNingizimu naseNyakatho. Ukukhona kwazo zonke lezi zindlela ezikhohlisayo kuhlobene ngokuqondile nemithetho yangempela yemvelo (ngokomzimba kanye nejometri). Futhi ulwazi mayelana nabo lubaluleke kakhulu ekuhloleni okuphelele kwesayensi yezwe.

I-equator ihlukanisa iplanethi yethu ibe ngamatshumi amabili alinganayo - amaHemispheres aseNyakatho naseNingizimu. Indawo yalolu mgca iqondiswe ngokuqondile kwi-axis yokujikeleza komhlaba. Lesi yisikhathi eside kunayo yonke iplanethi yethu: ubude bayo buyizinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-40. Ukwengeza, i-Sun e-equator iphindwe kabili ngonyaka kwi-zenith, futhi sonke isifunda esiseduze se-Earth sithola inani elikhulu lemisebe yelanga ngalunye.

Imibuthano ye-polar ifana nokukhawulela phezu kwenhlabathi njengento efana nosuku lwe-polar nobusuku be-polar. Le migqa ihambisana ne-66.5 degrees. Ehlobo, izakhamuzi ezihlala ngaphesheya kwe-Arctic Circle zinethuba lokucabangela izinsuku ze-polar (lapho ilanga lingabeli khona ngaphesheya komkhathi). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi lomhlaba, inkanyezi yasezulwini ayibonakali nhlobo (ubusuku be-pola). Ubude bezinsuku ze-polar nobusuku buxhomeke ekutheni indawo ethile iseduze kangakanani namapulangwe eplanethi.

I-North Tropic

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezishisayo emhlabeni wethu, futhi azizange zenziwe ngengozi. Kanye ngonyaka, iLanga liyi-zenith ngaphezu komunye wabo (ngoJuni 22), nezinyanga eziyisithupha kamuva ngolunye uhlangothi (uDisemba 22). Ngokuvamile, igama elithi "tropic" livela ku-tropikos yesiGreki, ehunyushwa ngokuthi "ukujika". Ngokusobala, sikhuluma ngokunyakaza kwelanga emkhakheni wezulu.

I-tropic esenyakatho itholakala enyakatho yomugqa we-equator. Kubizwa nangokuthi iTropic of Cancer. Leli gama lavelaphi? Iqiniso liwukuthi eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili ezedlule, i-Sun ngenkathi i-solstice ehlobo ikhona emgumbini weCancer (manje umzimba wasezulwini esikhathini esinikeziwe sonyaka ku-constellation of Gemini).

I-latitude eqondile yeNyakatho Tropic ingama-23 ° 26 '16 ". Noma kunjalo, isikhundla saso sishintsha nesikhathi ngenxa yezinguquko emthambekeni we-axis, nutation nezinye izinqubo ze-geophysical.

I-Geography yamaTropics aseNyakatho

Umzila ongasenyakatho weTropiki uwela ocean ezintathu (Pacific, Atlantic, Indian) namazwekazi amathathu (Eurasia, Afrika naseNyakatho Melika). I-parallel idlula ezindaweni ezingamashumi amabili, kuhlanganise neMexico, i-Algeria, i-India ne-China.

Endaweni ye-tropical yeCancer yimizi eminingi. Okukhulu kunabo bonke:

• I-Dhaka (i-Bangladesh);
• I-Karachi (Pakistan);
• I-Bhopal (India);
• I-Guangzhou (China);
• I-Medina (Saudi Arabia).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, iTropic of Cancer iwela imifula emikhulu eminingi: iNayile, iGanges, iMeong, njll. Iningizimu encane yalokhu kufanelana yiMecca - indawo engcwele kakhulu yamaSulumane emhlabeni wonke.

I-Southern Tropic ne-geography yayo

23 ° 26 '21 "- leli yi-latitude yeSouth Tropic njengasekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka. Isikhundla salesi sigaba asihlali njalo ngesikhathi. I-tropical ihamba kancane kancane ku-equator yomhlaba.

I-parallel nayo inegama layo lesibili - i-tropic ye-Capricorn. Iwela emazweni angu-10 kuphela asezifundeni ezintathu zezwe (iNingizimu Melika, i-Afrika ne-Australia). Idolobha elikhulu kunazo zonke ezisezindaweni ezishisayo yiSão Paulo yaseBrazil. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-Australia, lezi cross crosses cishe phakathi, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele ukuma okuphawulekayo sezulu kuleli zwekazi.

I-tropical Capricorn ivame ukugujwa phansi ngezindlela ezehlukene. Isibonakaliso esihlaba umxhwele kakhulu, esimemezela ukuhamba kwamaTropics aseNingizimu, siseChile. Eduze edolobheni lase-Antofagasta ngo-2000 lakhiwa isikhumbuzo esikhulu samamitha angu-13.

Ekuphethweni

Manje uyazi lapho i-North Tropic ikhona khona, yiziphi amazwe namazwekazi abawela kuwo. Kubizwa nangokuthi iTropic of Cancer. Iphawula izinga elingenhla elingasenyakatho lapho i-Sun ingakhuphukela khona kwi-zenith. I-Mirror kuyo eNingizimu Yezwe YaseNingizimu YaseNingizimu Afrika i-tropical Capricorn.