Battle of the Alta River iminyaka 1068: izimbangela nemiphumela

The Battle of eMfuleni Alta phakathi izikhulu isiRashiya, amadodana Yaroslava Mudrogo, lebutho Polovtsian senzeka ngo 1068. Izindaba sale mpi ababaningi encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla, kodwa Okwamanje sesiye omunye izibhelu ngobukhulu phakathi ngxabano Russian-Polovtsian. Le mpi kufanele kubonakale njengengxenye ukulwa isikhathi eside phakathi abasha kanye lasendulo Russian isimo asemaqeleni emhlabeni Polovtsian.

prehistory

The Battle of eMfuleni Alta kwaba umphumela izibhelu odlule phakathi izikhulu Russian futhi Polovtsy. Izazi-mlando evamile yahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu emzabalazweni:

• Ngekhulu le-11;
• phakathi nokubusa Vladimira Monomaha ;
• Engxenyeni yesibili 12 - ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-13.

Ekhulwini le-11, esikhundleni sabangu-Insimu Northern Black Sea Pechenegs esezinzile izizwe ezintsha asemaqeleni ngubani ngezikhathi afeze kuphangwa zesikhathi umhlaba Russian. Nokho, abazange bazame ukuba anqobe isimo, bazisiza yayiba yokuthi labantu principalities inkunzi abantu ayeholwa ekuthunjweni. Inombolo yabo safinyelela abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu, kuyilapho i-Old isimo isiRashiya, ngokososayensi, kwakunabamemezeli abangaba ngu amahlanu futhi abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi nengxenye. Nokho, naphezu kwalokhu umehluko isibalo sabantu Cumans babe ibe usongo olukhulu eRussia. Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala kulezi zizwe abangophakimpi ayimizulane atholakala Chronicle ngaphansi ngonyaka 1061, uma nje beke bahlasela izwe Pereiaslav lapho wabusa omunye wamadodana abasebasha Yaroslava Mudrogo.

izimfanelo

Battle of the River Alta yaphela nge ukunqotshwa Yaroslav. Isizathu salokhu ukwehluleka kumele khonga ngaphakathi the izimo zomlando wempilo we-Old isimo Russian ngekhulu le-11. Uma ngesikhathi somzabalazo ne Pechenegs izikhulu ukusebenza ndawonye, bese ngesikhathi impahla amabutho azo zazihlukaniswe, kulandela okwenziwe kwehlukana.

amabutho Isikhulu ayengavunyelwe emelelwa, njengasekuqaleni, ibutho olulodwa amasosha, boyars nanikhululekile ukuhambisa kusuka umbusi eyodwa kuya kwenye, futhi ngayinye kuwo uzizwa master esigcwele ku ezweni lakubo. Noma kunjalo, impi phezu komfula Alta uye wabonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ubunye khandlu ubuso usongo ezivamile. Three Prince - Izyaslav Kievsky, Svyatoslav Chernigovsky futhi Vsevolod Pereyaslavl - baye bahlanganyela ndawonye ukulwa isitha esifanayo. Nokho, akuzona zonke izikhulu isinyathelo ngazwi linye. Ngakho, athumba umfowabo Vseslav Polotsk, futhi sambheka njengongento a kalowo enhloko-dolobha.

Battle nemiphumela

Battle of the River Alta senzeka ngo-September 1068. amabutho Kwaholela Polovtsian Khan Sharukan wethiwa Old. I iziqubu yaphela nge ukunqotshwa kwezinhloko zamaviyo isiRashiya, izikhulu babalekile empini, kanye Cumans waqala bezophanga ezingomakhelwane Kiev, okwabangela Ukunganeliseki abahlali. Izikhulu wenqaba uKuhlela imashi entsha isitha, bese nokuvukela waqala. Izyaslav Yaroslavich yena wabalekela Poland eNkosini Boleslaw II, owabe yathuma amabutho ayo wangisiza.

Okwesibili Prince Svyatoslav, nge retinue encane zaphuma ziyohlangabeza isitha futhi waphula amandla kwakhe okuphakeme. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-November 1068, eduze nedolobha Snovsk. Okokuqala Novgorod Chronicle ezamukela enguqulweni abasebasha ngisho ibika ukuthi Khan yena Sharukan lathunjwa squad Russian. Nokho, lokhu kuncipha njengenkulumo olunembile kuze kube sekupheleni, njengoba Tale of esidlule Iminyaka, ukulanda ngalezi zenzakalo, lapho awukhulumi igama Khan lithunjwa. Ngandlela-thile, kodwa usongo Polovtsian sekuqediwe unomphela, nakuba kweminyaka engu-70 ngekhulu le-11 aphethwe skirmish encane phakathi kwabo amabutho Russian. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumelwe singakhohlwa ukuthi ababusi Polovtsian ngezikhathi angenele ezimpini zangaphakathi phakathi izikhulu isiRashiya, ngezinye izikhathi baze babe nabangane babo.

Imiphumela

The Battle of eMfuleni Alta Yaroslaviches eziba khona phakathi kwabafowethu futhi Polovtsy nje kuphela baya empini, kodwa futhi nemiphumela ezinkulu zezombangazwe ukuthi elalinayo ezazini umlando Old isimo Russian.

Ngemva ukwehluleka wezikhulu ukuhlela umkhankaso omusha ngokumelene Polovtsy Kiev izakhamuzi bahlubuka, eyakhululwa Vseslava Polotskogo futhi okudingekayo ukuze ivikele lo muzi. Izibhelu basakazekela kwezinye izindawo, embozwe eziningi emizaneni, futhi abanye babo unganelisekile waqondisa izazi. Inani labantu base-Kiev ophethe amandla izinyanga eziyisikhombisa. Izyaslav wakwazi ukuphinde ngosizo amabutho Polish e Vseslav Polotsky balifulathela leli dolobha.

izinyathelo izikhulu

Battle of the Alta River Polovtsy kwaholela ekutheni izikhulu zibonise sina inhlekelele yezombangazwe yangaphakathi. Ngemva kwavukelwa olwembiza, futhi Izyaslav futhi wahlala phansi ukubusa e Kiev, yena nabafowabo eshicilelwe iqoqo lemithetho, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i "Iqiniso Yaroslav".

Ukulungiswa abazalwane ngokuyinhloko ukuvikelwa kwesikhulu, impahla amakhosi asendulo futhi seigniorial, okuyindawo eyodwa singaphetha ngokuthi ayehlasela Polovtsian kwaholela izibhelu sina phakathi ephakeme kanye kwezakhi aphansi emphakathini. Ngakho, impi phezu komfula Alta Polovtsy okwenzeka ngesikhathi lapho ukuphikisana komphakathi baba kwayibhebhethekisa Elidala isimo Russian.