Ngobani AmaRom? Umsuka "ongaqondakali waseGibhithe"

Ngo XIV-XV eminyaka. eYurophu kwakukhona abantu abayimizulane eyaziwa ngokuthi amaGypsy, imvelaphi, ulimi nendlela yempilo osekuyisikhathi eside ayikaziwa. Okhokho babo bashiye umlando obhaliwe, ukuze umsuka sizwe kwakunamadoda eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma ezahlukene kakhulu. Wayebonakala ukuba awusona nokuzula okuphakade, futhi impucuko ehlukile.

AmaGypsy chithi saka emhlabeni. Bona zingatholakala wonke amazwekazi, kodwa kukhona abazi uhlanganise nabanye abantu. Ngisho inani Roma awuzange njalo ukuthi usethe emazweni athile. Umsuka wegama Roma ngokuvamile baye bazama ukuchaza le mibono kungazwakali, bebabheka bavela nabaseGibhithe lasendulo, amaJuda isiJalimane, kokukhuluma ngisho abakhileyo Atlantis edume.

Ukuvela nezinye eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma eziyizimbangela kusuka ongakasetshenzwa ezilukhuni ka ethnography nomlando yobuhlanga iqembu elithile elincane Europe elikhulu kunawo wonke, okuyinto amaRom. Umsuka wegama kubantu iza izinguqulo phansi ezintathu zezinhlayiya eziyisisekelo. Theory izimpande Asian asekelwe Anri De Sponda ukuthi exhumene amaRom nge a ephakathi ihlelo attingan. Izazi eziningi ziye zathi wayenza lezi zimangaliso ebantwaneni isizwe-Asia Minor sigginov, okukhulunywe abalobi basendulo uStrabo, uHerodotus abanye. Imfundiso yokuziphendukela umsuka waseGibhithe kwaba okungelinye lamabandla okuqala kakhulu, ke umsuka ekhulwini xv. Futhi amaRom lokuqala ngokwabo ukusakaza lezi zinganekwane ziye afika eYurophu. Le nguqulo isekela izazi IsiZulu baphikisa ngokuthi Roma endleleni eya eYurophu baye bavakashela ezweni nje kwemibhoshongo yaseGibhithe, lapho ulwazi lwabo olungenamkhawulo namakhono emkhakheni dexterity manual, nababhula ngezinkanyezi.

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela umsuka Indian Kuvezwe ekhulwini XVIII. Isisekelo le nguqulo kwaba ukufana phakathi ulimi Indian kanye ulimi olukhulunywa kakhulu amaRom. Umsuka wegama abantu kule nguqulo kwamukelwa cishe emhlabeni wonke. Kunzima kuba umbuzo kwasendaweni eNdiya okhokho amaRom isikhathi esiqondile ophumayo zabo kuleli zwe.

Ubumbaxambili umthombo kwavela abantu njalo zithandelana kwencazelo elithi "Roma", umsuka gama ngokuvamile akubonakali njengenhlangano yobuhlanga kanye abaningi abanawo. emithonjeni ehlukene igama "Roma" isetshenziswa namaqembu omphakathi sabantu, siphila ukuphila Vagabond, izimpawu izici ezifanayo zokuphila ngokwenyama futhi izindlela ezithile ngiziphilisa, ezifana inhlanhla, yezandla encane, iculo nemidanso, becela usizo, kanye nabanye.

Ngempela, Roma, amibalabala baphinde emhlabeni wonke, okungezona umfaniswano ngezithako zawo, futhi akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuba baqonde indlela omkhulu umehluko phakathi kwabo. Basuke ihlukaniswe eziningi amaqembu ezizwe, okuyinto zihlukaniswa umsebenzi, izilimi zezigodi kanye nezinye izici namasiko endawo. ayimizulane zabo zendabuko asikwazi kuthathwe njengendlela uhlobo ukuthandana ukushintsha izindawo noma rambling Ukuzula zavela. Indlela yokuphila kwabantu yayisekelwe yezizathu zezomnotho. Kwakudingekile ukuba njalo ufune yokuthengisa izimakethe iThabori ababazi, ababukeli abasha ngokusebenza kwabo.

oxhumana Ethno-yamasiko neqembu elithile Roma labantu ezizungezile ziye zaholela eziningana sokubolekwayo. Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi amaRom akuzona ezisheshayo ushiye ezindaweni ezinabantu, ngisho ukushaya izimo sasivumela okungekuhle. Kuyaziwa ukuthi emazweni amaningi bashushiswa. Nokho ngisho phakathi udlame ehlelekile, kukhona wonke amaqembu ezizwe, wakwazi ukusinda. Lokhu indle eSpain, Sinti eJalimane, trevelers eNgilandi.

Ngenkathi West Catholic ukuvela Roma kuholele ukwamukelwa kwemithetho ku kokudingiselwa eByzantium ke ayizange yamukelwe ngu yimuphi umthetho onjalo. It is kakhulu baziswa ngesandla sezingcweti, amakhosi processing metal, abantu ophethe wesayensi okulumba, animal trainer.

ERussia, ukuvela amaqembu amasha ngokobuhlanga amaGypsy kwakuhambisana nezinga ukunwetshwa ensimini. Ngo 1783, ngokusho esinqumweni uCatherine II Russian Roma zazidluliselwa isigaba ongumlimi, eyaliwe ukukhokhisa i izintela imisebenzi efanele. On isicelo, basuke uvumelekile ukuba ezizinikeza nakwamanye izigodi kodwa esihle. Ngakho, ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX phakathi yomthengisi wobunxiwankulu amakilasi babe eziningi amaGypsy Russian.

Ekhulwini XIX kunendlela okusimeme ukuhlanganiswa ongumRom eRussia, sokulungisa yabo endaweni ehlala njalo, ngenxa ngcono ngokwezimali inhlalakahle yemikhaya yabo. nobuciko Zesayensi Ezingesilo iqiniso, okuyinto ugxile eziningi emasikweni ahlukene, amehlo bangempela kulesi sizwe. zothando isiRashiya, eyenziwa Roma, aluthola lowehlukile. Kube Gypsy romance uhlobo based bomculo Russian kanye izimbongi, abanothando lokhu isiko. It kwaqala ukuvela ungqimba abaculi professional.