Impi yase-US-Japanese: umlando, incazelo amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo kanye nemiphumela

impi US-Japanese ka 1941-1945. Kwaba nzima kakhulu futhi kwaba nemiphumela emibi. Ziyini izimbangela zalesi impi wegazi na? Njengoba ehla, nokuthi uyoba yini umphumela waba? Ubani ophumelele neMpi US-Japanese? Lokhu kuzoxoxwa ngakho esihlokweni.

ukungqubuzana US-Japanese kanye izimbangela zempi

Kuwukuphikisana Melika naseJapane banomlando omude kusukela ngekhulu le-19, lapho baseMelika onikezwe Japanese hhayi izivumelwano zohwebo alinganayo. Kodwa ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, isimo saba sibi nakakhulu njengoba phakathi kwala mazwe kwakuwumqansa ayezozibusa esifundeni Asia-Pacific. Ngakho, kusukela ngo-1931, Japan uyaqhubeka ukuze anqobe China futhi udale ku insimu yalo esimweni Manchukuo - Guo, okuyinto cishe ngokuphelele kulawulwa Japanese. Ngokushesha bonke corporations US yaxoshwa emakethe Chinese, okuyinto ngokucacile buthaka isikhundla US. Ngo-1940 kwathiwa ukhansele isivumelwano uhwebo phakathi kwe-United States naseJapane. Ngo-June 1941, amabutho Japanese wasithatha Indochina French. Ngokushesha, ekuphenduleni ubudlova Julayi 26 US uye eziphoqelelwe uwoyela ukuvimbela eJapane esikhathini esizayo ukuze ujoyine ukuvimbela England. Ngenxa yalokho, eJapane ubhekene nesinqumo: noma ukuqhubeka ukuhanjiswa ezindaweni esifundeni bese uqale empini nge-United States, noma ukuhlehlela emuva futhi aqaphele indima eyinhloko US esifundeni. теперь очевидны. Izizathu impi US-Japanese manje sobala. Japan, yebo, wakhetha ukhetho lokuqala.

United States

Hulumende waseMelika libona okuhlukile we ilwa neJapane, ngokuqondene amalungiselelo asebenzayo balelo butho nezinye lasolwandle. Ngakho, uchungechunge yezinguquko samasosha kwezomnotho: umthetho kwadluliselwa ukubuthelwa empini, kukhuphuke isabelomali lempi. Ngobusuku obandulela le ilwa neJapane, inani izisebenzi Wezempi zazilingana abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi ayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu ayisishiyagalombili, zazo lasolwandle kwadingeka amadoda amathathu namashumi amahlanu. Isibalo imikhumbi -US Navy zazilingana 227 imikhumbi amakilasi ezahlukene kanye 113 ngwenya.

Japan

EJapane, ngo-1941, okuholela ezempi eChina, isivele ukulungiselela ukuqala impi nge Melika. isabelomali Japan lempi ngaleso sikhathi kwaba angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-12 yen. Isibalo ibutho Japanese ngaphambi kwempi zaba kwezigidi ezingu 1.35 ebuthweni umhlaba futhi 350,000 lemikhumbi yempi. Isibalo lasolwandle anda futhi zaba 202 mkhathi futhi ngwenya 50. Ngo zezindiza, kwakukhona abayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi eyodwa izindiza amakilasi ahlukahlukene.

ukuhlaselwa Japan ku Pearl Harbor, United States ukungena emlandweni neMpi Yezwe II

Ukuhlaselwa Pearl Harbor - kusenjalo, ngaphandle bememezela impi, ukuhlaselwa izindiza kanye Japanese Imperial Army Fleet ku US yempi futhi base emoyeni, esemgwaqweni ku Hawaii, 7 Disemba 1941.

Isinqumo mayelana impi e-United States kwenziwe emhlanganweni lezikhonzi kusukela Japanese uMbusi December 1, 1941. Ukuze ukugqugquzela Army Japanese esifundeni Asia-Pacific, ukuze ichithe Pacific yayo imikhumbi kuyadingeka, okuyinto sisebenza okugcwele kumi ku-Oahu. Ngenxa yale njongo wakhethwa isiteleka se preemptive ngokumelene kumila US Navy. Ingqikithi kuhlasela ukuthi usebenzisa umphumela ukumangala, besebenzisa izindiza okuyinto wakhumula kusukela othwala izindiza, ukwenza ukuhlaselwa enamandla phezu isizinda. Ekugcineni, ngo-December 7, 1941, izindiza ezimbili flying labantu ingqikithi 440 izindiza Japanese zase uzibophezele.

US ukulahlekelwa babe inhlekelele eqinisweni acekelwe phansi noma ehlatshwa uvele 90% Melika Pacific Fleet. Ubude baseMelika elahlekile 18 Imikhumbi: 8 yempi, 4 abachithi, 3 Cruisers, ukulahlekelwa izindiza babelingana 188 izindiza. Ukulahlekelwa izisebenzi futhi safika izibalo oyinhlekelele, kwashona abantu abangu-2.400 kwalimala 1200. Japan zaba ekulahlekelweni umyalelo ezidlula kancane, badutshulwa phansi 29 izindiza, wabulala abantu abangu-60.

Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-December 8 1941, e-United States, eliholwa uMengameli Franklin D. Roosevelt iqale impi ngo-Japan futhi ngokusemthethweni afakwe WWII.

Isinyathelo sokuqala: Japan ukunqoba

Ngokushesha emuva kwalokhu kuhlaselwa base at Pearl Harbor, ku negagasi impumelelo futhi inzuzo ukuthatha ukudideka kanye nokudideka US, bona zashaqwa Guam futhi Wake Island, elalingelamaFilisti Melika. Ngu-March 1942-Japanese wayesevele ngasogwini e-Australia, kodwa akakwazi uthwebule. Ngokuvamile, ezinyangeni zokuqala ezine empini, Japan uzuze imiphumela oluvelele. enhlonhlweni lathunjwa Malaysia, enamathiselwe Insimu Dutch East - India, Hong Kong, i-Philippines, eningizimu eBurma. Ukunqoba Japan e esigabeni sokuqala zingachazwa hhayi kuphela izici ezempi, enye impumelelo kungenxa yokungabikho kahle ayicabangile inqubomgomo nokumela. Ngakho, inani labantu ezifundeni ezinabantu wathi Japan ifikile ukukhulula nabo kusuka imperialism wezimpi ezalandela. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-December 1941 - Mashi 1942 Japan uthunjiwe endaweni usayizi ezingaphezu kuka-4 million amakhilomitha square elinabantu abantu abayizigidi ezingu-200. Ilahlekile ngesikhathi esifanayo abanye abantu abayizigidi 15 kuphela, izindiza 400 no-4 imikhumbi. US ukulahlekelwa ethumba kuphela baba izinkulungwane 130. Amasosha.

Isinyathelo sesibili: iphuzu turning empini

Ngemva kwempi kolwandle ngo-May 1942 oLwandle Coral, nakuba waphelela ukunqoba Tactical iJapane, okuyinto ekhishwe kabuhlungu kwaba singekho sobala njengasekuqaleni, kwaba noshintsho olukhulu empini. It ubhekwa usuku impi yaseMidway Juni 4, 1942. Ngalolu suku, US Navy iwine ukunqoba yokuqala enkulu. ElaseJapane lehlulwa abathwali ezine izindiza ngokumelene 1 US. Ngemva kwalokhu ukunqotshwa, Japan ayisaxhunyanisiwe ongalungisa imisebenzi ocasulayo, igxile ukuvikelwa izindawo ngaphambili yanqotshwa.

Ngemva kokunqoba empini izinyanga eziyisithupha yi abaseMelika ukuthi esebuyele ukulawula esiqhingini Guadalcanal. Esikhathini esizayo, ngaphansi kokulawula USA nabasizi balo ewela i-Aleutian esijwayelekile NoSolomoni Islands, New Guinea, kanye Gilbert Islands.

Isigaba lokugcina impi: ukunqotshwa Japan

Ngo-1944, umphumela impi US-Japanese ezase zibhaliwe kakade isinqumo. I-Japanese kancane ukulahlekelwa ezindaweni zabo. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-uhulumeni waseJapane bekulokhu eChina eBurma Ukuvikelwa. Kodwa kusukela ekupheleni kuka Februwari kuya ku-September 1944, Japan uhlulekile ukulawula Marshall, uMariana, Caroline Islands neNew Guinea.

Umvuthwandaba US-Japanese War Kwakuwukunqoba ekusebenzeni Philippine, elaqala ngo-October 17, 1944. ukulahlekelwa Japan ngesikhathi zihlasela US kanye kubangane bawo baye eyinhlekelele, abangu Ngishoné ngu yempi amathathu, abathwali ezine izindiza, Cruisers eziyishumi, kubabulali nanye. Abasebenzi ukulahlekelwa babelingana 300 ayizinkulungwane. Man. US kanye ukulahlekelwa azihlanganisa zaba imikhumbi amawaka, anamakhulu mathandathu 16 kuphela futhi amakilasi ahlukahlukene.

Ngasekuqaleni kuka-1945, enkundleni yemidlalo yase-imisebenzi wathuthela ensimini yaseJapane. Februwari 19 kwaba cababa esiqhingini Iwo Jima, okuyinto ngokuhamba ukumelana abanolaka ngokushesha lithunjwa. Juni 21, 1945 elathunjwa esiqhingini Okinawa.

Zonke izimpi ngokukhethekile ensimini yaseJapane babe nodlame kakhulu, njengoba iningi amasosha Japanese ingeyamakhosi lombhalo we Samurai walwa kuze kube sekupheleni, zikhetha ekuthunjweni sokufa. Isibonelo okuphawuleka kakhulu ukusetshenziswa Japanese umyalo kamikadze amayunithi.

Ngo-July 1945, uhulumeni Japanese wacelwa ukuba bayeke, kodwa Japan ayenqaba ukugoba uphondo, futhi ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho US zempi ukuhlaselwa enuzi imizi Japanese Hiroshima futhi Nagasaki Kwasetshenziswa. Owesibili ngo-September 1945 emkhunjini "Missouri" kwaba ukusayinwa wensimbi Japanese of Ukubuyisela. Kule mpi phakathi US naseJapane kwaba phezu, njengoba yena WWII, nakuba ngokusemthethweni eJapan WWII yaphela ngo-1951 lapho kusayinwa umthetho-San Francisco Treaty.

Nokubhonywa athomu eHiroshima naseNagasaki

Ukuze ukuphela ngokushesha ilwa neJapane, uhulumeni wase-US wenza isinqumo ukusebenzisa izikhali zenuzi. Kunezinhlobo eziningana Okuqondiwe kungenzeka ukuqhuma kwamabhomu, umqondo ngamabhomu okuhloswe wezempi kuphela sinqatshiwe ngokushesha ngenxa yethuba lokuba miss endaweni encane. Kukhethwa wawela phezu kwemizi Japanese of Hiroshima futhi Nagasaki, njengoba lezi zindawo bengenayo indawo enhle futhi izici landscape yabo sihlinzekela okwandisa ububanzi ukunqotshwa.

Umuzi wokuqala, okuyinto uyekiswe ibhomu umthamo enuzi nesishiyagalombili kilotons, okwakuseduze layo umuzi Hiroshima. Leli bhomu uyekiswe ekuseni August 6, 1945 ne-B-29 webhomu. labantu ukulahlekelwa zaba abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu 100-160. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezintathu, ngo-August 9 yabekwa esigamekweni sokuqhunyiswa athomu Nagasaki, manje emandleni ukuqhuma ukuthi kilotons amabili, izisulu zazenziwe izilinganiso ezahlukene abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu 60-80. Umthelela ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali-athomu ophoqelelwe uhulumeni Japanese ukuvumelana sokunikela.

UmPhumela nemiphumela

Ngemva siqaphela kokunqotshwa 2 Septhemba 1945 waqala umsebenzi eJapane amabutho aseMelika afika. I umsebenzi waqhubeka kwaze 1952, lapho-ke sasayinwa wangena force on-San Francisco ukuthula sivumelwano. Ngemva kokunqotshwa Japan okwakwenqatshelwe ukuba lempi zamasosha. Lonke Inqubomgomo zaseJapane emnothweni US e umyalo. Japan yokutholwa sisekelo omusha, iPhalamende elisha, ezaqedwa kwamiswa isigaba Samurai, kodwa kungani umbuso waseRoma wawunamandla ngokusemthethweni uhlala, njengoba kwakunengozi yokuthi zezinxushunxushu ethandwa. insimu yalo uhlala amabutho aseMelika afika lezisekelo lempi sekwakhiwe ukuthi akhona manje.

ukulahlekelwa amaqembu

Impi Japan nase-United States kuye kwaletha ukulahlekelwa omkhulu abantu kula mazwe. US elahlekile abantu nje phezu 106.000. Kuhlanganise ne-American amasosha neziboshwa ayizinkulungwane 27 empi ayizinkulungwane 11 Wafa besekuthunjweni. ukulahlekelwa Japan babe mayelana 1 million amasosha futhi ngokusho kombiko ahlukahlukene 600,000 nezakhamuzi.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Kukhona izimo eziningi lapho yamasosha yebutho Japanese aqhubeka enza imisebenzi yalwa amaMelika ngemva kwaphela impi. Ngakho, ngo-February 1946. Lubanga siqhingi phakathi kokudubula amasosha US eziyisishiyagalombili kwabulawa amasosha US. Ngo-March 1947, amasosha Japanese-30 ehlaselwa amabutho aseMelika afika esiqhingini Peleliu, kodwa ngemva nje zitshelwe ukuthi empini lide phezu, amasosha umaluju.

Kodwa idume kunazo zonke lolu hlobo kuyinto impi yabashokobezi yokufuna ePhilippines yesibili uLieutenant intelligence Japanese Hiro Onoda. Kuyinto cishe iminyaka engamashumi amathathu, ukwenze mayelana nokuhlasela engamakhulu ku-United States, okwaphumela wabulala walimaza abantu amathathu nekhulu. Kwakungenxa 1974 kuphela, icela umaluju Philippine Army - edlubhe okugcwele kahle ehlome.