Lo mbhikisho ku Warsaw Ghetto: umlando, izici, imiphumela, futhi amaqiniso athakazelisayo

UkuQothulwa Kwesizwe - Kwelinye lamakhasi Ngcolile umlando wekhulu XX. Kuqothulwe amaJuda ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili - isihloko ongashi. izikhathi wakhe eziningi yayithinta abalobi bezindaba nabenzi bamabhayisikobho. siyazi Kusukela ngamabhayisikobho nangezincwadi ukwenza mayelana unya lwamaNazi, izisulu zawo eziningi kakhulu zasemakamu okuhlushwa, igesi emakamelweni kanye nezinye izimfanelo womshini undlovukayiphikiswa. Nokho, kufanele wazi ukuthi Kwakungewona amaJuda izisulu kuphela SS, kodwa futhi babambe iqhaza elibonakalayo ekulweni kwabo. Lo mbhikisho ku Warsaw ghetto - ubufakazi.

Umsebenzi Poland

Lo mbhikisho ku Warsaw ghetto - isethulo elikhulu abantu bamaJuda ngokumelene amaNazi. AmaNazi ukucindezela kwakunzima ngaphezu anqobe Poland. AmaJalimane ehlasela kuleli zwe elincane, ngo-1939, bakwazi ukuba axoshe iRed Army, ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu kuphela emuva kwesikhathi. Phakathi neminyaka engu-bomsebenzi, izwe ilahlekelwe mayelana amabili amaphesenti sebebonke. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ingxenye enkulu ye abafileyo lalinabashumayeli nezihlakaniphi, Ochwepheshe ziqu okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Ukuphila komuntu abunakuqhathaniswa, akunandaba ukuthi ubani kungokwalabo - kuya umnikazi, umculi noma makhi. Kodwa-ke iphuzu neyobuntu umbono. Kwezomnotho - ekushoneni kwabafundi Ochwepheshe ayizinkulungwane eziningana futhi iningi lawo lalingabantu yamaJuda, yayakhiwe ukushaywa kakhulu ukuba ezweni kusuka kulo wakwazi ukuthola i-kuphela kweyishumi kamuva.

Inqubomgomo kohlanga

Ngaphambi kugqashuka impi, umphakathi wamaJuda ePoland zaba ababalelwa ezigidini ezintathu. Enhloko-dolobha - acishe abe yizinkulungwane ezine. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona osomabhizinisi kanye abaculi, abafundi kanye nothisha, nabakhandi, onjiniyela. Bonke kusukela ngezinsuku zokuqala zomhlangano kweJalimane babe namalungelo afanayo, noma kunalokho itlhogeko.

AmaNazi esethula uchungechunge lwezinkulumo "imithetho" anti-Jewish. Long livers ukuvinjelwa wamemezela obala. Ngokusho kwakhe, amaJuda yayingenalo ilungelo lokuthola ukusebenzisa izithuthi zomphakathi, ukuya ezindaweni zomphakathi, ukuze basebenze okukhethekile, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ushiye ikhaya lakho ngaphandle uphawu oluyinkomba - ophuzi, inkanyezi enamaphoyinti ayisithupha.

Ekhona kwamaJuda amakhulu eminyaka eye yasakazwa phakathi nabasePoland, ngakho enozwelo lamaJuda lase okungaka. AmaNazi njalo okugqugquzelwa inhliziyo inzondo.

Ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ayehlasela ePoland saqala ukwakheka okubizwa ngokuthi ngokuhlukaniswa zone, esekelwe izitatimende kungazwakali mayelana ukubhebhetheka kwezifo ezithathelwanayo. Abathwala lesi sifo, ngokuvumelana amaNazi kusolakala babengamaJuda. Bathuthela ku kwekota ngaphambili eyayihlala nabasePoland. Isibalo izakhamuzi zangaphambili le ngxenye Warsaw kade lingaphansi izikhathi eziningana kunenani labantu abasha.

ghetto

It yadalwa Ekwindla ka-1940. Indawo ekhethekile kwakuvikela imitha emithathu ngezitini odongeni. Escape kusukela ghetto and kwaba yisigwebo ukuboshwa kuqala, bese esingu. Impilo ka-amaJuda Warsaw laliya nsuku nzima. Kodwa indoda Ufika esetshenziswa konke, ngisho ekuphileni ghetto. Abantu baye bazama, ngangokunokwenzeka, ukuphila okuvamile. umoya ebhizinisi esivela abamele abantu bamaJuda, nomthelela kokutholakala Insimu ghetto and amabhizinisi amancane, izikole, izibhedlela. Abantu abaningi abahlala zone avaliwe abakholelwa in the best, futhi cishe akekho kubo wayazi esiphathelene nokushabalala okuseduze. Nokho, lapho izimo ziba nzima nakakhulu futhi babulawa ngaphezulu.

Namuhla, ngibukele ibhayisikobho noma ufunda incwadi ku ghetto yamaJuda, ngokwazi inkambo izenzakalo, umuntu angabona uzibuze yokulalela womuntu. abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-500, iziboshwa kwezindonga zamatshe wancishwa izidingo eziyisisekelo zokuphila, wayeqhubeka ephila, kubonakala, futhi hhayi ucabanga wokulwela inkululeko yabo. Kodwa -ke kwakungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Isibalo amaJuda kwehle nsuku zonke. Abantu wabulawa indlala nezifo. Izigwebo zokufa, okwamanje omkhulu, okwenzeka ezinsukwini lokuqala umsebenzi. Kuphela ngesikhathi 1941, lubulala cishe ingxenye amaJuda ayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu. Kodwa ngamunye abasindile zazisalokhu zikholelwa ukuthi ukufa akusho amfice noma umndeni wakhe. Futhi ukuqhubeka ukuthula, hhayi khona empini. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, kuze kube ubuholi amaNazi akazange aqale umshini ukuba kuqothulwe mass yamaJuda. Khona-ke umcimbi iphutha ehlela emlandweni njengoba Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.

Treblinka

Eighty amakhilomitha-mpumalanga inhlokodolobha Polish itholakala endaweni ogama lakhe kwaze kwaba sekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe II ngo emhlabeni akekho owayazi. Treblinka - ekamu ukufa, lapho, ngokusho kombiko anolaka, sabulala abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalombili. Ukube bekungekhona ukuthi lokhu kubhikisha ku Warsaw ghetto, inani kungaba kwakuyoba okuningi. Baphikisi ukufa ngeke zidlulile. Kodwa, ngeshwa, iningi labo afela empini emigwaqweni inhlokodolobha Polish. I ukuvukela kwamaJuda ku Warsaw ghetto - isibonelo okumangalisayo ubuqhawe.

Yileso isizinda we Warsaw ghetto kokubhikisha kwango-1943. Kodwa nawu umbuzo. Indlela iziboshwa neligwadulekile kangcono impi namaNazi? Lapho babenesifiso isibhamu? Futhi kanjani ghetto leaked nokwaziswa mayelana nokuba khona kwamakamu ukuzibulala?

inhlangano imfihlo

Kusukela ngo-1940, izinhlangano eziningana zezombusazwe esebenza ensimini ka the ghetto. Izingxoxo mayelana kudingeka silwe amaNazi olwenziwa kusukela ngonyaka ka-1940, kodwa akazange linengqondo ukungabi oluphelele izikhali. I isibhamu okokuqala at ensimini avaliwe yanikwa ekwindla ka-1942. Cishe ngaso leso sikhathi esifanayo wamisa Jewish Ukulwa Inhlangano, ukuze uhlale uthintana amaphathi kubahlanganyeli okwakukhona ngaphandle ghetto.

Lo mbhikisho ku Warsaw ghetto

Usuku lomcimbi - April 19, 1943. Lezo zihlubuki zazishaye phansi mayelana 1500. I amaJalimane ethuthuka ngesango main, kodwa izakhamuzi zawo ghetto wababingelela ngomlilo. yabambana ngezihluthu raged cishe inyanga. Usuku Uprising ku Warsaw ghetto wake kwaba usuku inkumbulo Abashokobezi nesibindi, izikhali okwakukhona azinakwa. amalungu Ukumelana akazange abe nethuba ukuwina. Kodwa noma kunjalo, lapho ghetto yakhe yacekeleka phansi ngokuphelele, amaqembu athile laliqhubeka nokulwa. Phakathi lokulwa wabulala amavukela-mbuso ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa. Cishe abaningi bephila.

Zabhikisha ku ghetto baba amaqhawe esizwe sakwa-Israyeli. Enhloko-dolobha Polish ngo-1948, kwamiswa itshe lesikhumbuzo amasosha efile.