Ithebula Sivtseva - umsizi best sitholakele umbono womuntu

umbono Human - omunye enkulu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo amakhono ethambile. Ngemuva kubalulekile ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuze ubuke. Hike kuya ophthalmologist kufanele kube umsebenzi ngezikhathi empilweni wonke umuntu.

Hlola umbono zamehlo yesimanje

Emuva e-USSR ososayensi Sivtsev yasungulwa ngo ithuluzi esisemqoka zamehlo yesimanje, okuyinto behlonipha kombhali ngokuthi "etafuleni Sivtseva". Sebenzisa le ndlela yokunquma acuity ezibukwayo. Ngenxa yalesi uchungechunge 12 izimpawu zihlonzwe: izinhlamvu amasongo nge-gap, okuyinto, kusukela irowu phezulu kuze kufike phansi kancane kancane wehlise. Kusukela ibanga 5 amamitha acuity ezibukwayo kunqunywa ngezinga elingelikhulu kusuka 0.1 kuya 2.0.

Uyini acuity ezibukwayo nokuthi kufakazelwa Sivtseva etafuleni?

Visual acuity - ikhono ehlweni lomuntu ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili ihlukaniswa ibanga elithile. iziqondiso yamanje bathi iso kokuba 100% umbono kungaba ukuhlukanisa amaphuzu amabili, esilinganayo ngaphandle ibanga emincane ngomzuzu owodwa. Ngakho, acuity ezibukwayo lingachazwa ngokuthi ikhono ukubona ngokucacile futhi uchaze enjalo siqaphile iso inkomba digital 100% noma 1.0. Sivtseva itafula nje yakhelwe ngendlela yokuthi inkomba digital futhi ukunquma.

Kunezimo lapho Iso lomuntu achazwayo kahle ukuze kungenzeka ukulinganisa nokucija 1.2 noma 1.5 noma 3.0. Nakuba iso yezifo ezihlukahlukene, njengoba ukubona eduze noma ezikude, astigmatism noma ukufiphala okungavamile kungaba 0.5 noma 0.05.

Ngokuvamile ukuchaza acuity ezibukwayo usebenzisa amaphesenti. Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi kuphela 100% isibalo oluhambisana 100% we emehlweni ezibukwayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ebonisa ezibukwayo ku 0.2 diopters alikwazi ukuhumusheka kumaphesenti 20% njengoba umbono. Lesi sibalo oluhambisana 49% of yansuku zonke. Akulula kanjalo ukuhumusha noma yimuphi izibalo amaphesenti futhi emuva. Futhi ikakhulukazi leli thebula Sivtseva - Ubukhulu e amakholomu kwesokunxele bese kwesokudla kakade ibalwa imiphumela yokuhlola.

Indlela hlola ezibukwayo acuity Sivtseva etafuleni?

Isethi esezingeni izinhlamvu ephrintiwe letingemasayizi lahlukene elakhiwa 12 chungechunge. Zonke izinhlamvu zamagama Russian - W, B, M, H, K, N. Ngamunye irowu ephansi - izincwadi ezincane kuno phezulu. Ihlola kumele kwenziwe igumbi nge izibani okuhle. Ilungiselelwe ephethe ilambu ekhethekile, okuhloswe ngazo itafula nokuba ukukhanya okusabalele. Ngezinye ibanga 5 amamitha kusukela ekubukweni kwethebula iyenziwa Sivtseva. Isiguli kufanele ahlale kahle futhi, yanjalo ukuvala amehlo kwesokunxele nakwesokudla, funda incwadi evela etafuleni. Uma kuhloliwe kalula ngokuthi izincwadi kuze kube imigqa 10, cabanga anakho 100% zamehlo. Uma eyeka ezinye chungechunge umfula, le acuity ezibukwayo kunqunywa nemingcele kukholamu ilungelo etafuleni.

Isiguli ungahlala eduze kuka 5 amamitha kusuka etafuleni, kodwa kulokhu ifomula ekhethekile luyasetshenziswa ukuthola kobukhulu:

V = d / D

V kule equation - ukubaluleka esinayo ukucacisa, okungukuthi, acuity ezibukwayo; d - ibanga lapho isiguli etafuleni; D - ibanga lapho isiguli ihlukanisa inombolo ethile izinhlamvu.

Manje, imininingwane yendlela etafuleni kufanele ibekwe Sivtseva. Ibekwe phakathi izibani ezimbili Fluorescent ukuze kungakhanyi ukukhanya ifinyelela lumens 700. Unqenqema engezansi kuthebula kufanele ibe ezingeni ukuphakama 120 cm kusukela phansi. Isiguli ihlala kahle, ubambe ikhanda lakhe uqonde, nezinkophe kokubili amehlo evulekile ngendlela evamile. Kokunye iso enamathiselwe ipuleti ekhethekile emhlophe. Phakathi 3 imizuzwana aqinisekiswe show uhlamvu ukuthi kufanele ngokuthi. Kulokhu, ukuqala aphansi futhi kancane kancane ifike izimpawu ezinkulu. Uma zonke izimpawu zibizwa ngokuthi - olihlolile 100% noma 1.0 umbono. Uma omunye noma ngaphezulu zinhlamvu ayibonwa - akuphelele acuity ezibukwayo. Ukuze sithole acuity ezibukwayo esingaphansi kuka 0.1 nesineke kancane kancane asondele etafuleni wonke 0.5 m, ngenkathi akakwazi ukunquma ngokuthe izimpawu etafuleni.

Legend ukuze Ithebula Sivtseva

Ngaphezu zamagama Russian kuyabonakala ukuthi kukhona amakholomu amabili, okuyinto ebekwe zesi-Latin D kanye V Izinombolo D-ikholomu ukhombise ibanga kokuba etafuleni kusukela lapho umuntu acuity kabani ezibukwayo ilingana 100%, kungase kufundwe kalula kusuka kwesokunxele emi uphawu. Izinombolo V-ikholomu - a zezinombolo isici acuity, uma kule nombolo ukufunda iyenziwa ku 5 amamitha ibanga.

Yimaphi amanye amatafula esetshenziswa zamehlo?

Njengoba umbono kuyinto ikhono kubaluleke kakhulu abantu ukuba zigcinwe zisesimweni esihle, kunezinto eziningana ukuhlolwa esetshenziswa zamehlo, okukuvumela ukuba sibonise isithombe wangempela isimo iso.

• Hlola acuity ezibukwayo - Sivtseva ithebula (njengoba ibizwa kwezinye imithombo) sidalwe le njongo. Isebenzisa W incwadi, D, F, H, K, N. Orlova futhi usebenzise itafula izingane, lapho izincwadi ezisetshenziswa esikhundleni izithombe (i-lwenkanyezi, isikhunta, ihhashi, ngeketela, indiza, duck, indlovu, umshini, herringbone).
• bheka umahluko phakathi Umbono test - salokhu ithebula Golovin yadalwa. Isebenzisa 4 izinhlobo optotypes - izindandatho nge break kwelinye izinhlangothi 4
• Hlola myopia futhi hyperopia - zisebenzisa duohromny test siqukethe ezimbili neengcezu besizinda anemibala ehlukene: abomvu green, nalemvelaphi, wahlela izinhlamvu (A, H, W, F, mina, B, S). Umphumela we-test, uzimisele ukuthi amehlo evamile (amehlo akubonayo izinhlamvu zombili lezi zizinda ezifanayo). Uma izinhlamvu on isizinda obomvu umugqa owodwa kusobala kakhulu phezu oluhlaza, kukhona myopia, kunalokho - okwesa-.
• Hlola astigmatism - isivivinyo ezivamile ubizwa ngokuthi Siemens Star. Ingqikithi yalo yokuhlola ukuthi umuntu obona kahle ubona emgqeni ongezansi ukuthi, engakafiki isikhungo, baqale ukufiphaza futhi kuyenzeka ihlangane nomunye. Maphakathi emgqeni usuphinde kuyabonakala.