INGEMUVA kwekuhlela kabusha kaPetru 1 futhi znaechnie

INGEMUVA kwekuhlela kabusha kaPetru 1 - umbuzo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Izazi ziye zakhomba kokubili izizathu inhloso kanye subjective ngoba isidingo ushintsho isimo. Ngezansi sizozama adalule lolu daba ngangokunokwenzeka.

Uma uzama ukuchaza isizinda yezinguquko kaPetru 1 kafushane, kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa abathandekayo ezimbili eziyinhloko: nje umuntu zenkosi, ngubani wakwazi bahole izwe elikhulu futhi backwardness Inhloso Empire isiRashiya ababevela uthi European.

Ukuqala wokubusa

I Ekuqaleni kokubusa sikaPeter Omkhulu waba nzima kakhulu - kwenkathi kwesimo phakathi kwe ezimbili imibango wenkantolo. Iqembu lokuqala sathunyelwa boiars MILOSLAVSKAYA, kanti eyesibili - Naryshkins. Eyokuqala, eyisihlobo salowo unkosikazi wokuqala u-Alexei Mikhailovich, kanti eyesibili - unina sikaPeter Omkhulu. Ngemva kokufa Tsar Alexis e 1682 ibamba isikhathi abasha uPetru no-Ivan kwaba uSophia, futhi udadewabo omdala. Lapho uPetru weza ubudala, uSophia wazama yini ukususa kuye kusukela amandla, usebenzisa yabacibishelayo. Kodwa ukuzama akuphumelelanga. Waphetha ku Novodevichy Sezindela, nabo bonke abaseduze kwakhe abo abulawa noma abulawa ababedingisiwe. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-Russia waqhamuka indlela ushintsho lwangempela nenguquko.

Leyo mikhumbi lokuqala kabusha

Izazi-mlando ziyavuma ukuthi ngaphambi kwekuhlela kabusha kaPetru 1, sekube eside ngaphambi ukunyukela sobukhosi. likayise noyisemkhulu Sakwazi ukunqoba le esibucayi ezinzima ukuhlangana kwezenhlalo nezomnotho kuleli zwe, okubangelwa izenzakalo Isikhathi Nezinkinga.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye kwaba ukuthambekela Europeanization yeRussia. Kulesi simo kwaba izinguquko ezinkulu ezidingekayo futhi kabusha. The main izinkomba - ukusebenza kwenqubomgomo Russia wezangaPhandle, ukuhweba ukuqiniswa, ukuguqula uhlelo intela, kwathatha yokukhiqiza ukukhiqizwa usebenzisa amandla okusebenza kwabantu esiqashiwe. Kunoma ikuphi kumelwe singakhohlwa ukuthi ophakeme igunya absolutisation ekugcineni kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka kugucuka owethulwa phakathi nokubusa kwayo uPetru 1. Ngaleso sikhathi, lapho kuzwakele kubo bonke, igama elithi "autocrat", ezaqedwa yi Zemsky Sobor, kukhona yinye kwamandla . Futhi, akulona ukubaluleka sokugcina kumiswa umthetho, ezivame kulo lonke isimo. Futhi-ke, phakathi izimfanelo ezisemqoka ngemizamo izinguquko okufanele ngabe inkosi itjheje kabusha amabutho ahlomile. He qamba emashalofini okuthiwa "ngohlelo olusha", ushintshe oda iqoqo emashalofini futhi imishini yabo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi kwenzeka babhekane nezinga elikhulu emphakathini Russian bedle engena phakathi isimo amagugu Western. Umthelela on the izimfanelo nenkambo izinguquko kaPetru 1 futhi Nikon ezintsha. Emphakathini lapho indoda ebonakala ukugeleza kazwelonke-olandelanayo nengxenye esentshonalanga.

Russia, uma kulinganiswa nokwenu Europe ngaphambi izinguquko

Ngaphambi izinguquko Russia ngokumelene isizinda amazwe aseYurophu wabheka emuva. Futhi lokhu backwardness kwaba ekugcineni eyingozi inkululeko yabantu Russian. UPetru wayekuqonda lokhu futhi kahle ukuthi uma uya ku-ke eRussia ngcebo, manje noma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uyoba eluhlaza izinto neseleko ezinye izimfanelo kwemibuso yaseYurophu. Ngokusho isakhiwo sale umkhakha ngokuyinhloko kwakungenxa amakhosi asendulo, ivolumu ukukhiqizwa kakhulu wawungaphansi Inkomba efanayo emazweni Western Europe.

Ibutho lalinabashumayeli ongaqeqeshiwe abezempi boyar futhi sama elingahlelekile ayikwazanga ukuhlangabezana nezidingo isimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le mikhumbi uMbuso Russian kwakungengenxa ukungabi khona indlela yokungena olwandle. Lena inkinga ingaxazululwa njengoba eyoku-1 Petru.

Yiqiniso Russian yentuthuko ekhulwini le-17

Inqubomgomo angaphandle Russia ngekhulu le-17 - ingenye kwesisekelo we Petrine kabusha. Kudingeke ukuba uxazulule izinkinga ezintathu: ukubuya umhlaba ulahleke Isikhathi Nezinkinga, nekuvula ematfuba etindlela tekutfola oLwandle iBaltic, futhi nokuvikela enkulu yomngcele oseningizimu. Yiqiniso, lezi zinkinga juqula kamuva ekhulwini le-18, kodwa intuthuko bekulokhu lubonakale. Ngokwesibonelo, emazweni angomakhelwane, ubonile ukuthi nge lempi Russian esinamandla. Russia kuphela ngokusebenzisa kwekuhlela kabusha kungathatha isikhundla yalo efanele enkundleni geopolitical phakathi kwamazwe esempumalanga nengxenye esentshonalanga. Ngakho, sixoxe kafushane izimfanelo kwekuhlela kabusha kaPetru 1. Ithebula ikuvumela ukukubona konke okuhilelekile.