KweMilambo; nesimo sesakhiwo esikhulu ngempucuko yasendulo

Uhulumeni kanye nesiko eMesophothamiya, kwakheka imicengezi emifula iTigrisi ne-Ewufrathe, kwakheka impucuko wokuqala omkhulu emlandweni wesintu. Izimbali sokuthuthuka ewela IV-III ayizinkulungwane. BC. e. Ukuze emikhakheni eminingi yomsebenzi womuntu, njengoba komculo futhi waziwa e impucuko kamuva, kwaba ikhaya eMesophothamiya: izakhiwo, ngokubhala, izibalo, ama-apharathasi isimo, senhlalo nokunye.

Ngeshwa, i-Millennium esidlulile kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, futhi owaqothula ingxenye enkulu impumelelo yale iwumthombo isintu. Cishe konke esikwaziyo ke, ngokusebenzisa lokusinda emhlabathini zobuciko impahla yaziwa: Tablets ngoba umbhalo we-cuneiform, okunikeza umqondo wokuthi emibhalweni wathola eliqoshiwe, wagcina umthetho Khamurappi (endala umthetho esisemthethweni, okuyinto ibilokhu iyikhaya nje eMesophothamiya). Architecture, esibonisa imibono izinto ngokwenkolo, ngokwenhlalo futhi isakhiwo sepolitiki yalezi zizwe, nokunye, nakho kufeza indima ebalulekile kulokhu. Empeleni, kwaba izinsalela ezakhiwe lasendulo ukunikeza ulwazi oluphelele kakhulu mayelana uthi eside yokuqothulwa.

KweMilambo; izakhiwo njengoba ukubukeka impucuko

Ukungabikho sekuyaphela lamatshe ihlathi kule ndawo eziyisisekelo emabhuloki ekwakha Sumer, i-Asiriya neBhabhiloni kwaba lobumba lapho isitini okuthiwa lepilsya engahluziwe kamuva ashisiwe isitini. Empeleni, umsuka kanye kwemvelo izakhiwo ngodaka - neqhaza ukuba izakhiwo emhlabeni elenziwe yaseMesophothamiya yasendulo.

izakhiwo yaseMesophothamiya ekupheleni VI yeminyaka BC. e. libhekene okuvela kuyo izindlu udaka, ehlanganisa amakamelo amaningana. Kwaba ngalesi sikhathi lapho iningi labantu emhlabeni namanje akazange ngisho bacabange ukuhambisa kuqala ukuzibandakanya kwezolimo, lokuphila okungahleliwe zokupaka nezezimboni ukuzingela Driven nokubuthanela. With ukuvela isimo e Sumer zivele lapha nezindawo omkhulukazi yokukhulekela. Abantu abahlala endaweni futhi lakha temples ejwayelekile ngesimo kwemibhoshongo onezitebhisi ziggurats. Ziggurats babevame ukuma pyramidal. Ngokuthakazelisayo, lobo ukubukeka kwazo waseBhayibhelini uMbhoshongo WaseBhabhele, zibalwa eBhayibhelini izinganekwane izizwe phakathi kweMilambo ngaphezulu lasendulo.

Izigodlo kanye esigodlweni wababusi Asiriya futhi eBhabhiloni kwadingeka isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, esigodlweni uSarigoni II e Khorsabad kuyinto lenqaba enamandla, kokuba ukuphakama kwamamitha amabili. egcekeni lakwakhe ngesikhathi ngobuningi eyayifakwe yeNayile nazo Uphahla lwangaphakathi esiyingelezini sezulu. Lesi sigodlo kwaba indaba nanye, Nokho, waba nezimpikiswano eziningi igceke nxazonke. Kwenye amafulethi yasebukhosini yayigcinwa elise, kanye nezinye - amakota kwabesifazane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esigodlweni nazo ibekwe inkonzo zomphakathi namathempeli.

Emadolobheni kudivayisi izakhiwo lasendulo eMesophothamiya ejwayelekile okuqhubekayo irowu amabhlogo nokuba khona izindonga ngazo izindlu ezimbili ezihlukene, kanye ebhekene emgwaqweni mbumbulu izimpumputhe namawindi encane, ibekwe ngaphansi kophahla. Ngaphakathi kulendlu, njengoba umthetho, yiba kuvulandi.