Labo ngenhla - Bala noma Duke? Yini ehlukanisa isikhulu kusukela Ukubala?

Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe phezu isikhathi esifushane kakhulu washintsha umhlaba wethu. Abaningi imiqondo ezazisemizini vogue eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, namuhla kukhona into yesikhathi esidlule. Ngokwesibonelo, ku-umbuzo: "Ubani mkhulu - Bala noma Duke," okhokho bethu ngabe wawuphendula ngaphandle kokungabaza.

Noma kunjalo, abaningi kithi wafaka alley abayizimpumputhe. Ngempela, abakhileyo ngekhulu xxi akumangazi ulahleke isihloko kwamadoda asebukhosini, futhi nakakhulu ukuba kungachazwa lo mahluko ophakathi isikhulu kusukela Ukubala.

Ukubukeka izigodi izikhulu

Ngokuhlelwa komphakathi eyenziwa ngenkathi ephakathi emphakathini ukuthi wawubekela imithetho eqinile. Wonke umuntu kusukela ekuzalweni walithatha ngezinga elithile, futhi kwathatha ekilasini eyodwa kuya kwenye kwakungenakwenzeka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, Ephakathi, kwakukhona nezicukuthwane, okuyinto ezilungisiwe indlela yokuphila kanye nobudlelwane phakathi amakilasi.

Izikhulu uvele eYurophu inqubo kumiswa feudalism, uma kukhona isidingo lula ubudlelwane phakathi sovereigns futhi akhonze ngaphansi kwabo. Ngo duty lokugcina ukuvikela izithakazelo kanye ukuphila kaJehova izinduna okwakuphume bangena ifa ngefilakisi. Ngakho, umnumzana medieval - iqhawe, ngomumo call of the suzerain ukuze ujoyine ibutho lakhe.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ekushintsheni ubudlelwane kwezomnotho nasemphakathini, futhi nalo indima yezikhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, igrafu - isihloko okwakusho e ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ephakathi umbusi omkhulu amakhosi asendulo, etholakala amandla ngokugcwele esifundazweni sakubo. Nokho, ngemva kokwakhiwa uthi eyodwa unala kwawo kwakubonisa accessory nje izikhulu ephakeme - yezikhulu.

Izicukuthwane Titled ka ephakathi eYurophu

Njengoba sekushiwo, isigaba ngasinye waba isakhiwo phezulu esiqinile. Ngakho, izikhulu lahlukaniswa laba yokhokho futhi bayakhononda, kanye abaneziqu nabafuna izihloko ayengawazi. Iqembu lokugcina kuwo wonke amazwe kwakungamadodana eziningi kakhulu.

ukubandakanya Social izikhulu tribal wayezimisele iqiniso lokuzalwa emndenini ezihloniphekayo, kuyilapho patent yokuba ingxenye yesigaba nelungelo ngenxa sokunconywa siqu noma inkonzo yomphakathi elingenasici.

Izicukuthwane Titled babe phezulu mbhoshongo ephethwe yisigungu sesonto, yesibili ngemva mithi gentility namalungu asebukhosini. Izikhulu, ezo, ibala, marquises, izikhulu, viscounts babe ukhomba ngophakathi izinduna ephakathi eNtshonalanga Yurophu.

Kodwa isikhulu - isiqu ikakhulukazi elisetshenziswa izindlu yizicukuthwane kwamazwe Slavic. umdlalo Okubaluleke nakakhulu isikhulu Western Europe noma isikhulu.

Umsuka iziqu namabizo wobukhosi

Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi kangako manje akwenzeki ngokuqiniseka lapho futhi bathinteka kanjani isihloko zokuhlonipha ka yezikhulu. Ake sithi igrafu - isiqu abacwaningi baye exhumene izwi Latin iza. Ngakho ngasekupheleni uMbuso WaseRoma lalibizwa aphakeme isimo izikhulu. Namuhla, ngezilimi Romance, lesi sihloko kulotshiwe njengoba conte (Italy), conde (Spanish) kanye Comté (French).

Izizwe zamaJalimane e ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ephakathi the Ibala wabiza abaholi omphakathi emzaneni. emakhulwini eminyaka kamuva eziningana, phakathi nokubusa uCharles the Bald ubunikazi yabo futhi isihloko, kanye ilungelo lokuphatha waqala ngofuzo.

izikhulu Slavic babedabuka izinhloko zezizwe, kuphela nangemva kwamakhulu eminyaka okungazi lesi sihloko zokuhlonipha phathelana ezazihlobene nokuzala uphethe indawo ethile, lapho kwadingeka ilungelo lokubusa, ngofuzo.

Ngakho, ungase uphawule okuthile ezivamile isihloko "iNkosana" futhi "Ukubala". Umehluko waqale ezindawo ezingaphezu. ENtshonalanga Yurophu, ukusebenzisa samagama, kanti eMpumalanga Ephakathi - Prince. Kuphela isikhathi zalezi ziqu atholwe nenye incazelo.

Petrine Uhlu Amazinga

izikhulu Russian kwamiswa ekhulwini XII ngesisekelo serfs e inkonzo boyars nezikhulu. Benza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene zokwahlulela nezokuphatha, kanye isibopho ukwenza inkonzo yezempi ebuthweni kwesikhulu.

Peter mina ekulweni ejwayelekile Boyar Izicukuthwane waqamba izihloko entsha kwamadoda asebukhosini, lathathwa eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Ngakho, ekhulwini XVIII eRussia, kanye nezikhulu uvele ukubalwa kwezicebi. Lezi nezinye izinto ezisunguliwe eziphathelene ziye ezilotshwe Uhlu Amazinga - uhlu civil, inkantolo nezikhulu zamasosha.

Kwamthatha isikhathi eside, kuze izikhonzi autocrat Russian ukuqonda isakhiwo esisha phezulu futhi ukwazi ukuthi ubani ephakeme - Bala noma Duke. isihloko Kugcine babukhona nakwa-Russia isikhathi eside, futhi ngesikhathi wokubusa uPetru ngineminyaka engu-47 imikhaya kwesikhulu eRussia.

isibonelelo zetayitela udumo

kwekuhlela kabusha kaPetru asiqeda sabaphathi ahlukile, eyayisekelwe gentility. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, izikhulu wayesengaba hhayi kuphela kodwa uhlangulisa inzalo ka Rurik futhi Gediminas. Elevation isikhulu isithunzi noma ukubala manje kwakuxhomeke intando imithetho yombusi.

Eyokuqala eRussia, ngaphambi ukwamukelwa Uhlu Amazinga, wathola isihloko Ukubala Boris Sheremetyev - Field Marshal bese uhlanganisa Petra Velikogo. Nokho, akuzona zonke abazolandela yenkosi wezinguquko generously pha iziqu ezintsha. UCatherine II waphakanyiselwa isithunzi Ukubala sika ikakhulukazi izintandokazi zabo.

Ukuze iphrojekthi entsha lasetshenziswa futhi oluthile lokwelapha: Mhlonishwa, Omkhulu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ababusi ngekhulu XVIII. Asizange ukujabulele lungelo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, lo mbuzo: "Ngubani omkhulu - Bala noma Duke" wohlanga olukhulu Russian ngesikhathi, cishe, Ngabe ngithé: "Lo Ukubala". Ekhulwini elilandelayo lesi sihloko lalungiselela ikakhulu izikhonzi noma labo ababeke yaklonyeliswa Order Andreya Pervozvannogo.

Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneGreyidini iSikhulu Ukubala

Ekhulwini XIX, ababusi babewabheka ayizange ukuhlala phezu umklomelo entsha. Ngakho-ke, ekupheleni kwekhulu eRussia kwakukhona 310 lokuzalwa kwesikhulu nezikhulu 250. Emacaleni angakajayeleki eyodwa umnumzana wavunyelwa ukuba izihloko eziningi. Ngokwesibonelo, Suvorov V olukhulu Izikhungo kuya wobaba elimiswe Count, nesithunzi kwesikhulu.

Ngakho, ubani up - Bala noma Duke? Kafushane, umnikazi lokugcina isihloko wema sabaphathi esinyathelweni ngenhla. Prince kungaba nguye kuphela yena owayesevele waphakanyiselwa isithunzi Ukubala sika.

Lokhu eziyimbangela babevamile hhayi nje ngobe kutawutfutfukisa izikhulu Russian. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, eNtshonalanga Yurophu erenki kwesikhulu kwakuhambelana nokuka isihloko Duke noma isikhulu, ngubani matasa rừng eliphakeme phezu ahlukile isitebhisi.