West-Berlin. Imingcele West Berlin

Kakhulu kahle futhi yaba khona kuwo wonke, izwe eYurophu kubhekwa njengento eJalimane. Berlin nguye dolobha, kubhekwa idolobha elinomlando edidayo kakhulu futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Futhi omunye nezikhathi zayo kakhulu okuphawulekayo isikhathi, esikhathini lapho inhloko-dolobha wawuhlukaniswe waba yizingxenye ezimbili. Okungukuthi, abangabantwana eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga Berlin.

umlando

Ngemva kwempi yezwe yesibili iphelile, bangazihluphi engxenyeni esentshonalanga neziphathimandla zedolobha Baqala ukwenza ngokuqiniseka bebheke Berlin waqhekeka waba izingxenye ezimbili. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuningi osekwenziwe. Ngokwesibonelo, imikhakha isiFulentshi, waseBrithani nowaseMelika baye basondelana ohlelweni kwezomnotho kanye nezepolitiki engxenyeni esentshonalanga yezwe. Kwaphela isikhathi eside West Berlin wadlala indima ekhethekile ngokohlelo lokuhlelwa lokulwa, okuyinto wayesehlasela GDR, kanye nezinye eziningi emazweni sezenhlalo umbuso. Hhayi nje amalungu NATO sokucasuka West Berlin kule mpi, wanika off. Ukuze yini ukunemba kakhudlwana - konke lokhu kuye kwaholela ukungezwani phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili futhi isimo ngamazwe wonke. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-1961, unyaka, ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, uhulumeni GDR, kwanqunywa ukuba uqinise ukulawula nesivikelo kulesi sifunda. Ngenxa yalokho, emngceleni West Berlin some, futhi laqanjwa umbuso umngcele.

East Berlin

Lesi sihloko asikwazi indiva ukunakwa. Ngoba ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga Berlin. Yini okufanele ishiwo yokugcina? Ukudidiyelwa East eBerlin ngo-GDR, sihlehlela kusukela enkathini 1948-1952 GG. Wayekhona inyunyana kwezomnotho nalo lonke izwe umsebenzi wokuhambela amagatsha. Kodwa babe munye German Democratic Republic nase-East Berlin waba omunye nalo Union, kokuba ngaleyo ndlela, ilungelo ukhetha amasekela zeNdlu Amazwe, kanye Yabantu House. Imithetho ukuthi wathatha iPhalamende, Waqala ukusebenza kuphela emva LoMhlangano kaMasipala omamukele kubo. Eqinisweni, ibekwe uhulumeni e East Berlin, iphalamende, iHhovisi Lomshushisi futhi iNkantolo Ephakeme. Kuyini ezithakazelisayo wukuthi uMthethosisekelo we-East Berlin athathwe kuphela ngo-1990, ngo-April 23. Kuze kube kuleli qophelo ke eyadlalwa uMtsetfosisekelo wesikhashana we-Greater Berlin.

ngentuthuko

Ngo-1953, ngokwesilinganiso, kwakubikwa emelene nohulumeni mass action, kwenzekani e-East-Berlin. Kodwa kwathiwa ngokushesha ukuyiveza amasosha aseSoviet, njengoba lokhu kwakudinga ubuholi sase-GDR. Nakuba West Berlin baba ngokoqobo "esitolo ifasitela", maphakathi wesifunda. Ngempela yaba idolobha ezingeni ezinhle ngesikhathi ukuphila, inkululeko yeningi kanye nokuvikelwa komphakathi. Ngaleso sikhathi "inhlokodolobha zesikhashana" waseJalimane umise emzini Bonn. Uma sikhuluma GDR, ke ubeke enhloko-dolobha yalo, e-East County, ngokulandelana. Ukuchitheka lwashuba, kwathi ngo-1961, ukwakhiwa Berlin Wall waqala. Initiative okusalungiswa ukubeka Socialist sase-GDR. Izakhamizi ohlangothini omunye komunye ungeqa kuphela ngokusebenzisa esakhiwe ngokukhethekile lento. Abantu balapho control, okwathi ngemva kwalokho babuyela ayebhalwa uvunyelwe ukweqa umngcele noma cha.

Ubudlelwano nge Germany

Ngo-1972, Waqala ukusebenza kwesivumelwano quadripartite phakathi eU.SSR, France, izwe laseBrithani nelase-United States futhi izivumelwano eziningana eziningana nezindaba ezihlobene eJalimane, i-German Democratic Republic kanye isiGele ngokwayo, okuyinto yayingaphansi kokulawula West Berlin. Ngemva lesi simo esishubile, lapho kakade isibe sivamile omakhelwane komuzi zalala. Lesi sivumelwano evumela ukuba ugcine ubuhlobo obuhle phakathi West Berlin neNtshonalanga Jalimane, ngaphezu kwalokho, kule dokhumenti, ngabe ngisho athuthukile. Kodwa ngaphansi kombandela owodwa - uma imikhakha isazoqhubeka kumelwe libhekwe njengelingcwele esihlukene iFederal Republic. Kungashiwo ngokuthi uhlobo ebucayini.

inqubomgomo

Kuyadingeka ukuba ukusho amazwi ambalwa mayelana isakhiwo sepolitiki West Berlin. Igunya eliphakeme Chamber of amaphini, Umkhandlu Wezigele kanye yesigungu ukukhonzwa, okuyinto wayeyinhloko leMeya Ebusayo. Kufanele kuqashelwe futhi yokuthi bagijima iziphathimandla umsebenzi. Uma sikhuluma amaqembu ezombusazwe, into yokuqala Ngithanda ukubalula Christian zenhlalo-yeningi, khulula, futhi. Ayebhe- njengoba inhlangano ezweni amaqembu athile Federal Republic. Akunakwenzeka ingasaphathwa Socialist Unity Party, ngamanye amazwi esithi - kaMarx-Leninist. Endaweni West Berlin usebenze njengomahluleli inhlangano zabasebenzi German kanye nezinye izinhlangano eziningi.

Intuthuko nokuchuma

EMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga Berlin (ibalazwe Idolobha elidala kubonisa ngokucacile ukuthi inhlokodolobha zamanje lahlukaniswa) babe izifunda zombuso ezihlukahlukene ngempela, futhi ngayinye kuwo bephila impilo. It kwaqala ukuvela lenqwaba izinhlelo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwendawo yakwa-West Berlin, nemibono sendlela ngcono ingqalasizinda. Uye wakwenza ngokuzimisela athuthukile iplani yokwenza ngcono futhi Eastern izingxenye. Saqala ukuba avele umqondo lonke, eyenzelwe okwengeziwe amathemba ukuthuthukiswa. Futhi kabusha futhi kuyabiza. Ukuze lokhu kwaba kalula kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, Ring Road ixhunywe usebenzisa imigwaqo emikhulu eya Ingcenye ephakathi. Kube simiso ezitaladini ummeleli. A isifunda okuthiwa i Kurfürstendamm kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso samabhizinisi olulodwa. Futhi ukuthuthukisa ingxenye esempumalanga nengxenye esentshonalanga ye yamanje inhlokodolobha eJalimane kuze kokuwa uDonga LwaseBerlin. Kwathi kakhulu muva - nje ngo-1989, unyaka, futhi isinyathelo we-German Democratic Republic, ngenxa yokuthi eSoviet Union, yalile ukuba angenele ezindabeni zezombusazwe weRiphabhulikhi.

isikhathi sethu

UDonga LwaseBerlin wawa esanda kutholakala, njengoba kuye kwashiwo, lokubonakala kwaso kwaze kwaba cishe ngenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga ingxenye yomuzi zihluke ngokuphelele olimini nomunye. Konke ezahlukene: kusukela izibani umbala, ukuze izakhiwo. Engxenyeni esentshonalanga amumethe izinto umxhwele kakhulu kwedolobha Berlin. Ama ifotho, ebonisa ezinye zazo nakanjani ugqozi ekutadisheni umlando waleli dolobha. Ngokwesibonelo, kufanele kuphawulwe ukunakwa Tiergarten Park kanye Victory ikholomu. Noma Bellevue Palace, etholakala epaki ndawo. Okwamanje ke ubhekwa yokuhlala kamengameli.

Architecture kanye nakumasiko

Architecture West Berlin akakwazi ukuba ukubamba iso. UPearl lwefa dolobha ubhekwa le Charlottenburg Palace. ukwakhiwa kwalo kuhlehlela emuva ekhulwini le-17 ngoba ngomfazi Frederick III, uSophia-Charlotte. Futhi-ke, ubukhazikhazi elikhazimulayo we Reichstag. Inkosi yakhe emyala ukuba akhe Korol Vilgelm, ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 (noma yini ukunemba kakhudlwana, ngo-1884, unyaka). Paul Valotta wahlanganyela ukudalwa umklamo wokwakha, futhi ngenxa yalokho isakhiwo lamiswao. Nokho, ngo-1933-ke wokhelwa ngomlilo. Kodwa ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II yaphela, Reichstag waba kabusha. East Berlin zanamuhla ngokuya lathumela, kodwa yilokho yilona gqamisa yenhloko-dolobha. Inhlanganisela avumelanayo zezakhiwo ezindala futhi ezikhangayo yesimanje - yilokho uheha abantu abasuka emhlabeni wonke kulo muzi. Bobabili izivakashi abavamile nezazi-mlando, abavubukuli abanye abantu abakholelwa kulo muzi ifa Berlin. Nokho, ifotho ezikhona namuhla awakwazi ukuveza ngokugcwele amandla enhloko-dolobha, ukunikeza umbono ngakho - ngokuphelele.