Herman Melville: Biography yomlobi futhi umsebenzi wakhe

Herman Melville - eyaziwa umbhali American nesimo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Waqala ekuqaleni kakhulu emsebenzini, okuningi ukubona futhi ufunde. Lapho esemusha - isihambi, phakathi nokuphila - umlobi odumile kuyahlonishwa ukuvuthwa - ukhohlwe tonkhe tisebenti tahulumende. Bayalithakasela Isasasa Esinalo yomlobi uvele kuphela ekhulwini XIX, nokuduma aso eqala likhula. Melville waqala ukuba waqonda ngu umfundi njengoba owayephila, futhi inoveli yakhe "i-Moby Dick" kwaba noveli ebaluleke kakhulu isikhathi.

Herman Melville: Biography of umlobi odumile

Melville Wazalwa ngo-August 1, 1819, eNew York. imfundo yesibili waqala ukuthola esikoleni sendawo abafana. Lapho Hermann engu-12 ubudala, uyise, ukwenza ibhizinisi, waya ukuphelelwa yimali. Umndeni kwadingeka sithuthe emzini Albany, lapho lo mfana wakwazi ukuqhubeka nemfundo yabo. Ngo 1832, i-inhloko yomkhaya wafa.

Sebenza futhi yaqala uhambo

Ngaphandle kokuqeda imfundo yesibili, uHerman Melville waphoqeleka ukuba iqale ukusebenza ukuze ngisize umkhaya wakithi. Le nsizwa ishintshile imisebenzi eminingana. Wawuthi: isisebenzi sasebhange, umlimi, uthisha esikoleni sendawo.

Lapho eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-20, Melville ekushintsheni indlela yayo elinganisiwe wokuphila ku ngomkhumbi olwandle - efika umsebenzi ekuqaleni ngomkhumbi othwala izimpahla, bese kwi whaler. Ukukhiqizwa nokudayiswa uwoyela whale ngesikhathi endabeni ka zithandwa kakhulu futhi inzuzo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abaningi bakwazi ukwenza imali eshisiwe. Nokho, le nsizwa ngokushesha ukhathele umsebenzi futhi ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ebalekela umkhumbi ngesikhathi stop at kwesinye seziqhingi ezincane.

Lapha watholana futhi wahlala izinyanga okungenani eziyisithupha ngendlela isizwe wendawo Taipei, ngubani amazimu. Xoxa bendawo, umbala ekuphileni liphefumulelwe umbhali abasha ukubhala umsebenzi ofanayo, esanyatheliswa ngo-1846 futhi ngokushesha waqala ukuthandwa.

Ekubuyeleni kwakhe ekhaya, le nsizwa iqala bacabangisise ngekusasa labo. Uzama uhambisane kwezemfundo. Ufunda okuningi. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi ukuthi waqala ukubhala.

Imisebenzi yokuqala kumbhali

Ngo umkhiqizo "Typee" isivele wazizwa isitayela kombhali. Elandisayo ungaphakathi umuntu wokuqala futhi protagonist uchaza nakho kwakhe, uhambo kanye uhambo. abalobi Talented wakwazi ukugcina umfundi ingaqiniseki futhi elinde sincumo eside elindelwe, ngoba izindaba ezifana nale e izincwadi isikhathi. Herman Melville wathatha okuningi isipiliyoni sami siqu, kodwa kukhona nje eqanjiwe.

Omunye umphumela yezokuvakasha njalo isibe nensizwa indaba "Om." Umsebenzi wobuciko ikhombisa impilo amakilasi ezahlukene, kusukela umbono wombhali. Umlobi chwaneka izici eziningi ekuphileni kwabantu. Indaba ukuthi ambiguously ziqondakala umbhali, ngisho waziwa ngokuthi ungumnyundeli.

Nokho, leli cala bekunganasisekelo. Herman Melville kwaba ingqapheli kakhulu futhi ayikwazanga ukujwayelana uhlamvu nendlela obaphatha ngayo abanye abantu. Esikhathini amanoveli wachaza abalingisi egqamile futhi ezimibalabala, ubugovu babo nesihluku.

ukuphila Siqu

Ngo-1847, umlobi abasha nabadumile kakade ashade Elizabeth Shaw. Wayengumngane bomdabu edumile emkhayeni - ubaba wakhe umahluleli omkhulu. Umkhaya wahlala e-New York.

Lo mbhangqwana osemncane ababehlala endlini efanayo nomfowabo Herman umndeni, nonina nodade abaningana. Ngalesi sikhathi, uHerman Melvill wazama ngokuphindaphindiwe ukungethusa ukuze uthole umsebenzi ezikhungweni zomphakathi, kodwa impumelelo akuyona izuzwe. Ngo parallel, uyaqhubeka ukubhala.

Le noveli "Mardy" futhi "White-Jacket"

Ngo 1849 ishicilelwe kule noveli "Mardi futhi ukuhamba khona." Umkhiqizo esisha esasinalo izici zayo siqu. Kwaba yokudlala ngokuphelele, umlobi wanikeza ukubuswa emcabangweni wakhe. Kukhona ngisho isici ngendalo yakhe - ukungaqiniseki umlobi. Ngaso sonke isikhathi ushiya isikhala nezinye zimo noma ezinye umbono.

inoveli Melville olandelayo - "White-Jacket" kwaphinde echaza izenzakalo olutholwa kubo. Ngemva abasha German ushiye whaler, wathatha umsebenzi ku wempi American. Lapha uthola ngokwabo endaweni ehlukile, wahlangana amasiko empi nemikhuba, bheka ukuhlazeka yansuku zonke amasosha.

Ukuze kuzuzwe ukushicilelwa noveli umbhali wathumela eNgilandi. Ekubuyeleni kwakhe e-wanquma ukuthuthela bahlala eMassachusetts, lapho ethatha izindlu kanye umalokazana. Lapha Melville enquma bahlanganyele ukulima futhi uphile impilo nomndeni kuthule umbhali.

Herman Melville. "I-Moby Dick"

Kakade bathutha edolobheni, Melville bajwayelane N.Gotornom. Kuyinto lolu lwazi waphefumulela umlobi ukuze ubhale inoveli entsha, okuyinto eyaba umsebenzi yakhe edume kunazo zonke.

Le noveli "i-Moby Dick" Germana Melvilla - umqhele ukudalwa umlobi. Yonke imisebenzi ebhaliwe ngaphambi kwakumane belungiselela ukudalwa eziyisisekelo. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, impumelelo kule noveli abakutholanga umphakathi waseMelika.

umsebenzi akukuniki omunye umbono olubonakalayo. Lokhu kwaba indaba isihambi emkhunjini Whaling. Nokho, lapha umbhali wakwazi ukusonta lenqwaba izinhlobo. Incwadi Germana Melvilla "i-Moby Dick" - lokhu adventure, futhi kwefilosofi, kanye fantasy, cwaningo uhlamvu inoveli. Umbhali likuchaza ngokuningiliziwe enkulu butholakala enqubweni eyinkimbinkimbi of Whaling, ubunjalo izinhlamvu, kanye izici, zilwane kanye anatomy of imikhomo.

Inoveli Germana Melvilla "i-Moby Dick" elicwile izimpawu. Phakathi whale isithombe ukuvezwa livela-Moby Dick. Ekugcineni, lo mkhomo emhlophe - injongo eyinhloko uhambo umkhumbi uba samuntu nezinkinga nezinselele besetting esintwini sisonke.

Enye uphawu ingumkhiqizo izisebenzi. Umelela abantu bonke, okuyinto iyazula ngokusebenzisa ukuphila njengomuntu umkhumbi olwandle.

umsebenzi Ngaphezu kwalokho Melville

Ngemva noveli "i-Moby Dick", okuyinto umphakathi waseMelika uthethe ngempela ezomile, uHerman Melville wabhala amanoveli eziningana futhi tindzaba letimfisha ( "Pierre", "Israyeli Potter," "Rogue" kanye nabanye). Nokho, akekho noyedwa imisebenzi akuzange kulethe umbhali noma udumo noma ukuqashelwa, noma imali. Cishe bonke kubo neyaziwayo noma ukwehluleka okuphelele noma okuyingxenye. Income umndeni yawohloka ngokushesha. Ngisho ubungani nabantu abadumile, phakathi kwabo waqhubeka N.Gotorn, enganikanga yi. Abangane wazama ukuthola isikhundla ezinhle Melville.

Ngo-1856, Melville uphoqelekile ukuba adayise nengxenye yakhe yendlu e Massachusetts kumfowabo. On ukuqhutshwa umbhali enquma ukuya ekuhambeni, enesifiso sokubuyisela impilo yayo engokomzimba nokuzola engqondweni.

Ekubuyeleni kwakhe umbhali ahlelwe ukufundisa eNyuvesi, lapho ozongitshela isimo eRoma futhi Yezilwandle ZaseNingizimu. Kuphela ngemva kokufa Ubabezala ngo-1866, umndeni uphatha ukusungula esimweni sayo sezimali. Uyise Ngashiya indodakazi yakhe njengefa nengxenye yakhe ifa. Ukuthengiswa House Melville wasiza ukushicilela "Tinkondlo neMpi" ebhaliwe ngaphambili. Kodwa lo msebenzi akazange alethe izithelo zabo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umbhali ekugcineni okwenzayo ukuze uthole umsebenzi ehhovisi yomphakathi - amasiko umhloli.

eminyakeni engu-60 Melville ayichitha ngenkondlo "Klareylem". Naphezu ubude umsebenzi nokukhuthala umbhali, umbhali abazange baqonde futhi.

Ngalesi sikhathi empilweni umndeni Germana Melvilla kwenzeke izinto ezibuhlungu ezivelela eziningana: wafa amadodana akhe amabili, enye indodakazi yakhe nezibi, futhi ngakolunye besephula ubudlelwane.

"Billy Budd, Fort itilosi Mars"

Eminyakeni yokugcina empilweni yombhali umsebenzi lanikezelwa ngo indaba "Billy Budd, Fort itilosi Mars." Thumela umbhali uJobe akazange, wahlala e wesandla.

Indaba alishicilelwanga kuze 1924 futhi kwaba yimpumelelo enkulu. Umbhali ngiwufinyelela ukuqashelwa.

Izibuyekezo izincwadi umbhali

Herman Melville impendulo wathola ikakhulukazi omuhle. Inzalo enkulu ngaso sonke isikhathi inoveli yakhe "i-Moby Dick." Umfundi uzophawula ukuthi umbhali wabhala indaba ethakazelisa kakhulu futhi umlutha, kodwa incwadi esenza eziningi nezigcawu imigqa elenza qaphela. Kuyinto yinkimbinkimbi kokufunda inoveli ngokuvamile odlulela kuye lula abathandi ukufunda. Umfanekiso umkhiqizo kwenza kube ongaqondakali nakakhulu futhi ezithakazelisayo ngesikhathi esifanayo.