Heisenberg sika ukungaqiniseki isimiso kanye nekubaluleka kwalo ekuthuthukiseni isayensi

Ukuvula Werner Heisenberg ukungaqiniseki isimiso, akwenza ngo-1927, kwaba omunye impumelelo ebaluleke kakhulu isayensi, wadlala indima ayisisekelo ukuthuthukiswa quantum Mechanics, futhi kamuva kwaba nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni wonke besayensi yanamuhla.

Traditional ucwaningo yonke kuphuma isitshalo ukuthi, uma zonke izinto ezibonakalayo ukuthi singakwazi ukugcina ukuziphatha ezithile ngendlela ethile, bese bonke abanye ukuthi asikwazi ukufunda ngosizo emizweni, futhi, kufanele baziphathe kahle. Uma kukhona ezinye uhlobo kuliphazamise ukuziphatha, khona-ke efanelekela indida kanye odidayo. Okunjalo lasabela ososayensi, lapho bengena microcosm, futhi sibhekene izenzakalo musa angena uyisibonelo yendabuko ekuqondeni izwe. Ikakhulukazi ngokukhazimulayo lesi simanga ukuvela emkhakheni quantum Mechanics, okuyinto kubhekwane izihloko disparate ngobukhulu kulabo ngawo ososayensi ukusebenzelana ngaphambili. Umgomo we ukungaqiniseki Heisenberg, eqinisweni, wanikeza impendulo yombuzo othi, lokho kuhlukile microcosm zomhlaba esiyikho.

physics Newton is cishe indiva lo mkhuba umthelela yomculo ulwazi phezu into cognition ngu ezithinta yayo izakhiwo ngokomzimba. Esikhathini 1920 ekuseni, uWerner Heisenberg futhi uvusa inkinga kuziwa ifomula, echaza degree of ithonya izakhiwo indlela nesilinganiso into, into uqobo. Ngenxa yalokho, i-Heisenberg ukungaqiniseki isimiso kwatholakala. kuveza Mathematical wathola imfundiso yokuziphendukela ubuhlobo ukungaqiniseki. Isigaba "ukungaqiniseki" kule umqondo kusho ukuthi umcwaningi akazi kahle indawo izinhlayiya uphenyo. Ngo incazelo yalo ngokoqobo Heisenberg ukungaqiniseki isimiso uthi ngokunembile izici, usebenzisa idivayisi sokulinganisa Izakhiwo into, kancane kuyofezwa ukungaqiniseki imibono yethu mayelana nalezi izakhiwo. Ngokwesibonelo, Heisenberg ukungaqiniseki isimiso, lapho lusetshenziswa sekuba yinto izifundo sincome "zero" ukungaqiniseki, lapho umthelela ithuluzi ku into ngaphansi cwaningo lalilincane kakhulu.

Ngo nezifundo, kwatholakala ukuthi Heisenberg ukungaqiniseki isimiso sibopha nokuqukethwe kwalo hhayi kuphela isikhundla lubandlululo kanye velocity. Lapha unobulungisa sobala ngokwengeziwe. Eqinisweni, ithonya lawo kuyisici esihlupha bonke esikhula ezingxenyeni ezithile zesimiso, okuyinto sifundela. Lokhu okwatholakala kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba wenze amazwana ambalwa isimiso ekusebenzeni Heisenberg. Okokuqala, lesi simiso kusho ukuthi isethi ncamashi nemingcele efanayo kwezendawo izinto akunakwenzeka. Okwesibili, lokhu impahla - elibanzi futhi akuxhomekile umuntu ayisebenzisa ngayo nesilinganiso.

Le miphumela babé yisisusa esinamandla ekuthuthukiseni ukuphathwa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene abantu umsebenzi theory, lapho main isihloko cwaningo, njengoba umthetho, kumi esasinedumela elibi, "Izinto ezenziwa abantu." Kulesi wabonakaliswa ukubaluleka komphakathi kwatholakala Heisenberg.

Modern ingxoxo yezesayensi nasezinzuzweni mbumbulu yisayensi ngezingozi izimiso yokungaqiniseki basikisela ukuthi uma bethi, indima yomuntu kunomkhawulo ulwazi microcosm, futhi akakwazi ngenkuthalo nomthelela ke, akusiyo bekutsi Komuntu ixhunywe ngandlela-thile ne "ingqondo ophakeme "(Umbono wokuthi" inkathi Entsha "). Lezi ziphetho akunakwenzeka ukuba aqaphele sina, ngoba ekuqaleni kahle isimiso. Ngokusho Heisenberg, ikakhulukazi wokuvula yayo, akusiyo yokuthi ukuba khona indoda, okungukuthi, Iqiniso ithuluzi kwethonya isihloko cwaningo.

izimiso Heisenberg namuhla omunye adliwe kakhulu amathuluzi methodological elisetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene.