Ibandla endala St Nicholas e Lipno. History of the ukwakhiwa

Church of St Nicholas e Lipno baphephela entabeni encane esiqhingini olunothile Lake Ilmen. Itholakala khona kanye esizalweni somfula ngokuthi MSTA. Indawo itholakala 8 km ukusuka edolobheni Novgorod Elikhulu. Ibandla Orthodox, ezakhiwe ekupheleni kwekhulu XIII, kuyinto lesikhumbuzo zamatshe izakhiwo. altare layo eliphezulu lanikezelwa behlonipha Nikolaya Mirlikiyskogo, futhi umkhawulo - egameni St Clement.

Church of St Nicholas e Lipno eNovgorod

Ngokusho zemihla basendulo babengazi, lokhu ithempeli elihle lakhiwa 1292 (ke wayalelwa ukuba benze kanjalo, u-Archbishop Novgorodskiy Kliment). Kusukela kulo mzuzwana kuhlobene indaba emangazayo kakhulu.

Ngo 1114 ongcwele Prince Mstislav ngaphambilini ukubeka isonto ukuze St Nicholas, ukwazisa ngokuphulukisa. Kanjani ukukhumbula indaba, kanye isikhulu wakunqoba izinhlungu zokugula okungathí sina, futhi kwakunzima ukubiza igama usizo Wonderworker. Futhi ngolunye lwalezizinsuku isikhulu waba nombono wabonakala kuye ngokwakhe , St Nicholas the Wonderworker, wayala izithunywa zakhe ukuya Kiev ngenxa isithonjana sayo, wakhuluma kubo injalo futhi ngesilinganiso.

isithonjana ngokuyisimangaliso

Uma ngesikebhe, izithunywa waqhubeka ilmenite, kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho sisondela esiqhingini Lipno, base ejele okwensuku ezine, kwaba nesivunguvungu. Bese phezu kwamanzi, bathola isithonjana round ibhodi, lapho Nikolay Chudotvorets wayechazwa. Wabona embonweni wakhe Prince Mstislav, futhi ukuthi bahamba ngomkhumbi baya labo kuwo kanye Kiev. Izithunywa ngokushesha wamthatha Veliky Novgorod ngqo isikhulu, ngubani nomthandazo wamanga, wamqabula futhi ithole isimangaliso sokuphulukiswa.

On the esikhundleni ukubukeka isithonjana kwakhiwa Isigodlo, kwaba shrine eyinhloko yebandla lokuqala sokhuni St Nicholas, bese itshe elimhlophe.

Architecture ethempelini

Architects ithole ukusebenza, njengoba ngokuyinhloko igxila elinye lamasonto zokugcina zangaphambi Mongol sikhathi, elibizwa ngokuthi "Church of the kukaJesu Peryn Chapel". Waba Novgorod ukucutshungulwa izimiso Smolensk izakhiwo. Lokhu kusho ukusebenzisa iZwi chetyrehstolpny square, krestokupolny, odnoabsidny, isonto oluyingungu, kodwa nakakhulu enwetshiwe (10x10), okuyinto izindwani zokuhlobisa samanje into esiyibonisa ngezikhathi ezithile olungaphambili lwesonto ezintathu-bladed.

Ngo ifomu yayo yasekuqaleni le mbumbulu kungukuthi izindonga lemva lalinabashumayeli limestone namathempeli ngokhonkolo namatshe anemibala ehlukene nosayizi. Iwindi lwaleli ukuthi ehlotshisiwe yisikwele izitini, mnyama kuphela. Kwakuyisikhathi emisha yesimanje ngaleso sikhathi (ngaphambi zazenziwe ezinye izinto: limestone kanye plinths).

Ngaphandle kwakho konke lokhu, ethempelini lihlotshiswe niches elincane impumuzo iziphambano elingaphezu kwesango esentshonalanga niche yokungena nge nemidwebo.

Ngaphansi kwesithombe senqaba Dome phezulu isigubhu, ngaphezu amashiya namawindi encane ngaphansi uhlaka ezintathu-blade ingathiwa arkaturnye ibhande, ngokuvumelana ecwaninga, nozakwabo zazo zitholakala izakhiwo Roman-Gothic Livonia.

Church of St Nicholas e Lipno eduze Novgorod (1292)

Lapho usuqedile zonke ethempelini umsebenzi wokwakha, yaqala ukupenda esemathuneni akudala, hhayi ngaphandle kuphela kodwa futhi ngaphakathi.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi endaweni ethile phakathi nekhulu XIX, umculi G. Filimonov sifakazelwa mathupha sketched zonke Imidwebo esodongeni empumalanga, nje phakathi izindwani ehlombe i Udonga lwangaphakathi lunesithombe sobumba, ongaphambili omise ingxenye projecting yesonto. Futhi kwaba ukudala ngesimo isithombe UnguNina KaNkulunkulu kanye uMsindisi, ivikelwe visors ekhethekile.

Isonto liye futhi sezakhiwe ngokushesha nomkhawulo uMbhishobhi Omkhulu Novgorod Clement.

Ngo 1528, kusho u-Archbishop kaMakarios charter cenobitic yethulwa Lipno sezindela.

iminonjana umlando

Church of St Nicholas e Lipno ukuthi ibhecwe nemidwebo esikhathini 1293-94 GG. Nakuba eqothula odongeni ngo-1930, i-eqoshiwe kahle walondoloza Kwatholakala, enye yazo - ukwakheka "I Annunciation", elisoGwini izinsika ngasohlangothini lwasempumalanga.

Okukhulu kakhulu neze kwathinta umsebenzi Swedish zeminyaka 1611-1617.

Ngu 1763, inani esigodlweni sezindela: isonto Refectory ka Sergiya Radonezhskogo, futhi Holy Trinity Church, isonto netshe lokukhubekisa St Nicholas, le wesigodlo amabili emabhilidini, embhedeni lokhuni isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi nge 5 izinsimbi kanye ocingweni lamapulangwe.

Kodwa kwabe sekufika u hhayi izikhathi ezingcono: e 1764 yesigodlo uyekwa futhi ngabelwa Isigodlo Skovorodsky. Cishe wonke izakhiwo yawa phezu kwezitini. Ezinye izindaba zika-izakhiwo yeSonto St Nicholas e Lipno kuya kweleshumi XIX ekugcineni sesibolile wafika ekuchithweni. amasevisi Waphezulu yayiqhutshelwa khona kakhulu kuyaqabukela.

Ngemva inguquko 1917 ngenxa yebanga lokusuka ethempelini muzi nawo wonke evaliwe, futhi isakhiwo yesonto lwabhidlika yilo. Embhedeni isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi ladilizwa.

Umhlaba impi II

Phakathi Okwesibili Umhlaba lapha esiqhingini, Isigodlo wawusegunjini uyibuka iphuzu ibutho laseSoviet, ngakho amaJalimane, amela 6 km kusuka lapha, yabekwa amabhomu njalo kule ndawo. Ibandla kancane wachithwa% 65 kuphela abasinda ezakhiweni zamatshe aqoshiwe.

Ngokumangalisayo, umsebenzi okubuyisela phezu nemidwebo Kwakuseshwa ngo-1945, futhi ngo-1954-56 ethempelini ngemva nje kokubuyisela ezinkulu ngayo kuqala kwabuyiselwa.

Namuhla, indawo lapho ibandla St Nicholas e Lipno - endaweni evikelwe, elinabantu umphathi abadala futhi zilandelwe ncamashi, kanye nomkhaya wakhe.

By endleleni, ukuze ufike lapha akulula kangako. Inkinga iwukuthi ethempelini St Nicholas kungekho migwaqo, akukho ezokuthutha izixhumanisi njalo. izivakashi Enelukuluku ngokuvamile ukufika kulo noma ngesikebhe noma ngesikebhe noma ngezinto zokushibilika eqhweni noma ngezinyawo phezu eqhweni ebusika, lapho simisiwe umfula nechibi.