Isikolo kulethe: izimpawu, izimpawu, sezizathu ezinkulu kanye nezincomo

izinhlelo Catalytic zisetshenziselwa inciphise ezingcolisayo asakazeka emkhathini kusukela ipayipi qeda yemoto. Nokho, converters usebenza nje element okhanda amanye amathuba isesimweni esihle. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kokuba uyeke ukusebenza ngamandla. Ake sihlolisise, kuba kulethe ukungasebenzi, nendlela yekusombulula. Futhi ukuze kuhlonzwe kubalulekile ukwazi izimpawu lapho kulethe, izimpawu igcwele yenkinga.

Converter okhanda amanye amathuba - kuyini futhi kungani?

On izimoto zanamuhla, ke ingenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni qeda. I-apharathasi uyazihlanza qeda amagesi izidakamizwa eziyingozi. Lokhu nitrogen oxide, carbon, iqembu hydrocarbon ahlukahlukene. Ngaphakathi kulethe kukhona izihlungi ekhethekile ngesimo lezinyosi. Zenziwa of amatshe ayigugu. Lokhu kungaba Iridium noma ye-platinum. Kuyinto ngokusebenzisa lezi lezinyosi metal iwukudambisa izinto eziyingozi. Ukwakhiwa kwehlelo izakhi kudivayisi ezintathu main - bezinhlamvu metal, esiphathiswa iyunithi nge amaseli bese ungqimba ukwahlukanisa. The main element - block yenethiwekhi. ukwakhiwa salo ngesisekelo material refractory sobumba. Siqukethe lenqwaba amaseli, efana lezinyosi. Ziklanyelwe yokuthuthukisa indawo ukuxhumana amagesi. Zifakwe ku lezinyosi ingxubevange platinum kanye Iridium. I zamakhemikhali ezenzeka ngesikhathi yokusabela imfucuza amagesi platinum-Iridium ingxubevange ungqimba kuholela kulethe ukufudumala eqinile. Ngenxa yalokho, bonke eziyingozi izidakamizwa unburned at surface contact we lezinyosi metal kweso zishiswe. Ngo inqubo amandla omlilo usebenzisa umoya-mpilo eye wahlala igesi qeda ngemva kokushiya egumbini amandla omlilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo ekhishwa ophumayo kulethe nhlobo izinto okungenangozi - N ₂ CO _2.

Izinto asetshenziswe kulethe, kanye nemisebenzi yabo

Ngo converters okhanda amanye amathuba izinto ezisetshenziselwa. Lokhu steel, platinum, palladium, Iridium. I element sokuqala kulethe ukunciphisa. umsebenzi wakhe - ukubuyisela CHA bese siguqulwa nitrogen abavamile kakhulu. Platinum palladium kukhona oxidants. Kufanele ukhuthaze ukusheshisa unburned hydrocarbon izinqubo namachibi, bese ukuguqula them bhangqa. CO is kuguquka-carbon dioxide.

Izimpawu nezinkomba isici avimbekile

Uma amaphuzu kulethe, izimpawu kuzosiza ekuboneni lokhu. Ngokwemvelo, izimpawu ezinjalo ungakhuluma mayelana nezinye amaphutha. Kodwa uphethwe ngaphezulu zonke wathi kwaba kulethe. Uma isici ivimbekile ngokuphelele, injini uzobe ithole, kodwa ngokushesha ngemva kwalokhu kwesibaya. Imoto ngesivinini sibi kakhulu. Lapho umshayeli ngazo isinyathelo namafutha bangase babe nomuzwa wokuthi imoto ubambe into ngemuva bumper at the ezingemuva. Lokhu kubonisa khona isimiso ngaphakathi Converter. Ungakwenza kanjani ngisho ukwazi lokho kulethe ivimbekile? Izimpawu zihlanganisa anda petrol. Kodwa kungaba kucatshangelwe kuphela uma imoto balahlekelwa amandla ukubhekana isinyathelo namafutha. Okungukuthi, imoto wayeka ukuya, futhi izinga ukugeleza ikhuphuke kakhulu. Futhi, ngesikhathi ukuqalisa ikhompiyutha kungenzeka nephunga okunoshukela futhi singathandeki.

"Hlola Engin"

Kuyinto lwezandla olukhulunywa emhlabeni wonke, ngakho-ke okokuqala kudingeka wazi ukuthi ikhodi yephutha, okuyinto ekhishwe uhlelo. Sokuqonda lamakhodi onayo imiyalelo imoto. Kodwa khumbula ukuthi lesi izibani isibani kuphela uma ohlelweni qeda wemoto, ezimbili lambda Uphenyo ezifakiwe. Eyokuqala ngokuvamile kuze Converter. Kuhloswe ukuba ulungise inani le-fuel yanikezwa injini. Inzwa yesibili liyadingeka ukulawula ukusebenza kwe-neutralizer. Kuyinto lokhu inzwa-mpilo ezokwenzela nephutha. Ngokwesibonelo, uma unayo yonke izimpawu ngenhla wahlaba kulethe "Ford Focus 2", nekhompyutha yakha i P0420 ngephutha, ekhuluma mayelana nezinkinga Converter. Iphutha kusho ukusebenza kahle eliphansi okukhipha amagesi.

Izici okhandwe ngesando izakhi izimoto ezahlukene

Cabanga izimoto ezahlukene ukuthi zifakwa nge converters okhanda amanye amathuba, ukuze ukuxilonga umonakalo ngokunembe kakhudlwana. Kufanele uqale nenkambiso ezifuywayo "AvtoVAZ". It Vaz-2110, -2114, "Kalina". Ngaphezu kwalokho imoto ngeke kancane ukusheshisa, zikhona ezinye izimpawu yokwehluleka futhi kulethe ivimbekile. Ngakho, kukhona umsindo ephuma umshini. Kukhona umuzwa wokuthi Converter izindlu yithela imfucumfucu. Lokhu umsindo kuyinto alamu uma ukwehluleka mechanical substrate sobumba. Uma sikhuluma yokungenisa izimoto, bese "Ford Focus" kuphawula izimpawu ezifanayo wahlaba kulethe. Vaz-21124 nayo ifakwe isici zokuhlambuluka ezinjalo. Uma sikhuluma yasekhaya "dvenashke", ilapha nse amandla nokuncishiswa kanye umsindo ngaphakathi engqamuzaneni. Sekukonke bona abuye odla noma ukuncibilika yelikhono kungaba nzima kakhulu. Zonke zalezi zimpawu nazo ukukhuluma ngezinkinga nge izinzwa, kukagesi ohlelweni, ukwehluleka ukuthungela. Qaphela ukuthi iphutha in the sakamuva izinhlelo ezimbili futhi isizathu ukuthi kulethe phama. Izimpawu uqinisekise lesi. Uma imoto agcwalisiwe izinga abampofu fuel, ingxube fuel ibhalwe kahle. Uma kunamacala misfiring, ingxube uyaphakama Emakamelweni angaphakathi amakhosi omlilo ugcwele. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngo-gas qeda iqukethe semali yentshede. Kuyinto isizathu ngokuvamile lokhu ISIZINDA. Amaseli kulethe kokuvalelwa ngokushesha futhi ngakhala.

inkinga Imbangela

Node 200 ukhonza njengelungu ayizinkulungwane. Km. Kodwa umongo isiRashiya, le nkathi sinciphile. Catalysts behluleka ngenxa ukhwaliti ongaphakeme fuel, ukugeleza ezinkulu samafutha ngokungalungile ubukele uhlelo ukuthungela, umonakalo lokukhanda.

Indlela ukuxilonga?

Ake sibone ukuthi ukunquma ukuthi kulethe ivimbekile. Izindlela ziyatholakala kuwo wonke umuntu futhi ayidingi amakhono akhethekile ulwazi. Kudingeka ukuthi uqale imoto ukuqoqa ijubane injini esiphezulu yayo. Futhi ukusonta injini at ongaphakeme, maphakathi kanye okusezingeni eliphezulu amaza. Kwimodi ngamunye, ngqo wasixosha isinyathelo phansi. Motor akumelwe iyavuthuluka, kepha kunalokho kufanele asabele ngqo. Uma kukhona impendulo engeyinhle noma engafuni spin injini kuka 5000 ngomzuzu, kufanele ucabangele esikhundleni Converter. Nansi enye indlela, indlela ukuhlola kulethe.

Izimpawu nezinkomba Kwakuyiqiniso loko, futhi sekuyisikhathi sokuba ukubuzisisa ngokunembile umonakalo isici. Ukuxilonga isandla isetshenziswa i ipayipi qeda. amagesi qeda ukuhambisa pulses. Ungazizwa isandla ncamashi njengoba ayaduduleka ngamunye ngamunye kusukela isilinda ngamunye. Uma idling nohide futhi okuqhubekayo, likhuluma ngokuqondile Converter ivimbekile. Uma ucindezela inhlamvu, bese ungawuzwa injini ke iyophuma kancane. Lezi amagesi zazo zanqwabelana ngenxa kulethe ivimbekile.

isiphetho

Ngakho esiphethweni kulokho izimpawu ukucacisa iphutha. Lokho ekwandeni wasebenza emihle, ochwepheshe batusa ukugcwalisa imoto kuphela uphethiloli eliphezulu futhi ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi lokufeza ukuhlola kuzo zonke izinhlelo kule moto.