Ukutheleleka kwe-parvovirus ezinganeni: izimpawu, ukwelashwa, izinkinga, ukudla

Ngeshwa, izifo ezithathelwanayo Ngeke neze siyindlala. izinkinga ezifanayo ziye ngokuvamile onokuhlangabezanwe nakho practice ezingane. Ngokocwaningo olwenziwa kwezibalo, kuze kube manje, bavame eqoshiwe parvovirus ukutheleleka kwezingane.

Ngokuvamile lesi sifo omnene. Nokho, isimo esinjalo, kungaba yingozi. Yingakho abazali abaningi banesithakazelo ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngalesi sifo. Kuyini imbangela yayo? Yiziphi izimpawu zokuqala parvovirus ukutheleleka? Yiziphi izinkinga zingase nazo ngesikhathi ukwelashwa? Zikhona izindlela eziphumelelayo ukuze uvikeleke? Izimpendulo zale mibuzo kuyoba usizo abafundi abaningi.

Parvovirus ukutheleleka: kuyini?

eside enjalo e imithi yesimanje isetshenziselwa ukuchaza i isifo oyingozi ezithathelwanayo okuyinto kuhambisana izilonda erythroid umnkantsha futhi, ngokulandelana, iziyaluyalu yesikhashana hematopoiesis izinqubo.

Iningi ngokuvamile kutholakala ukuthi uphethwe yini parvovirus ukutheleleka kwezingane. Izimpawu zayo ingase ihluke kuyanda lokushisa futhi umkhuhlane jikelele kanye erythema ophela, arthralgias ngisho zinhlekelele aplastic. Kodwa abadala ezinjengesifo kwenzeka kakhulu kancane njalo.

Ziyini izimbangela eziyinhloko zalokhu yesifo

Lwegciwane parvovirus ukutheleleka - a parvovirus B19, elingelakwaJuda ozala parvoviruses. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi okuwukuphela igciwane uhlobo kuyingozi ukuba abantu. By the way, i-ejenti causative kwatholakala eNgilandi ngo-1975, ngesikhathi ucwaningo igazi. Igama elithi "B19" aluthola isampula serum, okuyindawo labonakala okokuqala.

Lokhu igciwane incane, ububanzi okuyinto ingeqi 20-25 NM. Akanalo udonga lwangaphandle, futhi libhekene i capsid ifomu icosahedral. amaprotheni Bezakhiwe eyodwa ozungezayo "+" futhi omunye "-" umucu DNA. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le uhlobo igciwane ngempela amelana imvelo yangaphandle - ke ongakwazi ukumelana namazinga okubanda lamadigri 60 amahora 16.

B19 igciwane ayisebenzi maqondana nezilwane. Ngaphansi kwezimo zelabhorathri ke singahlakulelwa kuphela ngokusebenzisa i-erythrocyte eyandulela emangqamuzaneni okuthiwa zihlobene womuntu umnkantsha, umzanyana, noma isibindi fetus.

Lezi zifo zenzeka ngasiphi isikhathi sonyaka, kodwa nokuqubuka eminingi iyefana ebusika kanye entwasahlobo. Phakathi nalolu bhubhane ezikoleni kanye nezinye izikhungo zomphakathi iyagula mayelana 20-60% izingane. Nokho, abaningi sifo kwenzeka ngaphandle izimpawu lubonakale.

ukudluliswa endleleni akukaqondwa ngokugcwele. Kukholakala ukuthi ungakwazi ungenwe ngesikhathi ukuxhumana yenethiwekhi kwamagciwane nezifo, kodwa kuphela uma isifo sakhe esiteji viremia (igciwane ngenkuthalo esandisa emzimbeni). izinhlayiya okunobuthi adedelwa imvelo kanye imfihlo ne isikhwehlela kusukela engenhla ipheshana zokuphefumula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo angadluliselwa kanye igazi kusuka kumama kuya enganeni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Ngenxa ukusabalala wonke igciwane, abazali abaningi namuhla abanesifiso sokwazi lokho izimpawu parvovirus ukutheleleka kuhambisana. Ukwelashwa, ukuxakeka, zokuvimbela - konke lokhu Imininingwane kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kufanele nakanjani ukufunda.

pathogenesis ukutheleleka

Parvovirus ukutheleleka izingane ithuthukiswe ngezigaba ezimbili. Esigabeni sokuqala kukhona asebenzayo igciwane ukufanisana, ukudakwa, kanye ukukhethwa izinhlayiya viral ku imvelo (iziguli ezinhle ngalesi sikhathi kukhona esithathelanayo kakhulu).

emva kokutheleleka somzimba cishe izinsuku ezintathu avele izimpawu ezivamile zokudakwa, efana ukugula noma abandayo abavamile. Ikakhulukazi, iziguli esekhala Ukugodola, imfiva okuncane, ukukhathala kwemisipha ubuhlungu, bezwe izinhlungu, ukulunywa okuncane, ikhanda. Emhlabeni nenkathi efanayo, zehle ngo okuncane-hemoglobin ezingeni, okuyinto luthatha izinsuku 7-10. Lolu cwaningo wegazi kungabonwa neutropenia omnene, thrombocytopenia kanye lymph.

Ngemva emva kokutheleleka mayelana 17-18 izinsuku iqala esigabeni lesi sifo yesibili. Ukuveza kanye igciwane ngabodwa inqanyulwe. 20-22 ngosuku ingane ingathola isici ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, ngisho emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa - ubuhlungu emalungeni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lezi zimpawu akuzona njengoba unjalo esimweni ngasinye - ezinye izingane begula njengoba ukucinana ezivamile.

Parvovirus ukutheleleka ezinganeni nakubantu abadala esigabeni sesibili kuhambisana ukukhiqizwa kwamasosha omzimba ethize - immunoglobulin M G, izihloko ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuxilongwa okufanele. Phela, lo immunoglobulin, ayisiza G zigcinwa igazi u-Adalberto isikhathi eside, ngezinye izikhathi ukuphila. izifundo Laboratory ukuphakamisa ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kwengxenye yabantu abasemhlabeni wonke has la masosha omzimba, nakuba amaningi kuwo lesi sifo isidlulile waphawuleka ngokuphelele.

Iziguli igazi kakhulu, noma immunodeficiency (kubandakanya i-HIV ukutheleleka), ukudlulisa lesi sifo ithi ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kakhudlwana. Ngokuvamile ngokumelene ingemuva womsebenzi parvovirus waphawula ekubhujisweni olubanzi umnkantsha futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukuhlukumeza izinqubo evamile hematopoiesis kuze kube izimo ezisongela ukuphila. Ngaphezu kwalokho, in iziguli nokuntuleka amasosha omzimba izinqubo kungukuthi sinqanyuliwe viremia, ukufanisana viral eqhubeka, ephelezelwa izilonda ezimbi kakhulu umzimba.

erythema ezithathelwanayo

Parvovirus ukutheleleka kwezingane (isithombe) uvame ukuhambisana ukubukeka erythema. isimo esinjalo kubhekwa ukubonakaliswa ezivame kakhulu ukutheleleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ivamise ukubizwa ngokuthi "isifo lesihlanu". Leli gama Kwathi ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, njengoba ukugula efanayo kwaba esinye sezifo eziyisithupha ezivamile ezithathelwanayo, okuyinto ahambisana ukubonakaliswa isikhumba.

Ngokuvamile, kubonakala sengathi parvovirus ukutheleleka kwezingane - mlilo kwenziwa ngendlela imibala egqamile kanye izindawo ezinkulu avele ikakhulukazi izihlathi (lokhu uphawu is ngokuthi "ngempama esihlathini 'eyaziwa). Ngokuvamile, awahlabi maculopapular, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungaba vesicular noma oluhambisana. Ezinye izingane kalula ukubekezelela ukutheleleka, kuyilapho abanye esekhala ukulunywa ezinzima. Ukuqubuka zisakazeka ngokushesha egatsheni, kodwa ezimweni eziningi iphele ngokwalo ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.

Noma kunjalo, emasontweni ambalwa ezayo, nizitholele iqhuma okuphindaphindiwe. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka ngokumelene isizinda olunyakazisa umzimba, okweqile, hypothermia, ukubhukuda, ushintsho abukhali izimo zezulu noma ngaphansi kwezimo ezicindezelayo.

sokuqaqamba kwamalunga olunamandla futhi arthralgia nge ukutheleleka

Ngokushesha kuwufanele ngokuthi umntwana has parvovirus Lesifo akuvamile ephelezelwa isifo ngokuhlanganyela. Noma kunjalo, le inkinga Kusengenzeka, futhi ngokuvamile kwenzeka entsheni (amantombazane bethambekele ekubeni lesi simanga).

umonakalo Joint singenzeka kokubili ngemuva jikelele isifo yegciwane, ngakho ukubonakaliswa yayo kuphela. Iningi njalo waphawula umonakalo emalungeni isihlakala, isandla, iqakala uSangweni yena ngamadolo, nakuba ngemcondvo sifo kungabangela ukuvuvukala iyiphi ngokuhlanganyela. Ngezinye izikhathi iziguli arthralgias, ephelezelwa ekuseni ukuqina. Noma kunjalo, kungenzeka futhi ekuthuthukiseni zesifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga.

Yilokho kwezinye izimo Kunjengoba parvovirus ukutheleleka kwezingane. Lezi zinkinga, nokho, awukhulumi kuhilelani ukubhujiswa uqwanga articular futhi ngokuvamile udlulisa ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa bebodwa. Ngezikhathi ezithile ubuhlungu nokuqina amalunga omzimba uhlala izinyanga, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho iminyaka - Kulezimo letengetiwe zokuxilonga nokwelapha.

Inkinga aplastic

Parvovirus ukutheleleka ngokuvamile ngempela imbangela okuthiwa crisis aplastic. Kuyinto isimo kuhle eziyingozi, okuyinto kuhambisana ukuphazamiseka hematopoiesis evamile. Kukhona amaqembu athile ingozi, kuhlanganise ematfuba nesimo esibucayi iphezulu kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi, isimo esinjalo ngokuvamile baphawula in iziguli esingelapheki anaemia hemolytic, anaemia sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba, thalassemia, fermentopathy. Izinto ezibangela futhi zihlanganisa isikela cell anemia ne paroxysmal hemoglobinuria ebusuku futhi microspherocytosis sitholwa njengefa.

Ukwephula hematopoiesis - yilokhu kungaholela izingane parvovirus ukutheleleka. Izimpawu esibucayi aplastic - a igazi kakhulu, okuyinto kuhambisana ubuthakathaka ezinzima, ukozela, futhi pallor wawubona kwesikhumba. Ocwaningweni, ungase uthole ukuthi amaseli erythroid umnkantsha bengekho. Ngokuvamile kukhona ukwehla elibukhali-hemoglobin ezingeni eliphansi, esongela izinkomba ukuphila. Ezimweni ezinjalo, akunakwenzeka ukwenza ngaphandle kokumpontshelwa igazi.

Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi esimweni senxushunxushu aplastic kukhona viremia asebenzayo - amagciwane ande ngokushesha, lingene egazini futhi zingena kwezinye izicubu. Iziguli nale Ihlahlubo kukhona abathwali ukutheleleka.

ukutheleleka Intrauterine nasemiphumeleni yaso

Ngo umkhuba izifo zabesifazane kanye azoya ngezinye izikhathi eqoshiwe fetus parvovirus ukutheleleka, izimpawu zazo isaziso kunzima kakhulu kangakanani. Ngokushesha kuyafaneleka ukuthi ezimweni eziningi, ukutheleleka kukamama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa aliholeli ukutheleleka umbungu futhi akukho imiphumela eyingozi ku-fetus iyakwazi yini.

Noma kunjalo, ingozi isasekhona. Ngokusho idatha izibalo kanye nokubuyekeza odokotela, avame igciwane kuholela yezinkinga yokuqala noma senyanga yesibili yokukhulelwa. Ukutheleleka kwezicubu fetus (e normoblasts ethile futhi erythroblasts) cishe ngo-13% amacala kuholele isisu nokuguqulwa.

Zikhona ezinye izinkinga. Against ngemuva okhulayo ukutheleleka hydrops non-mzimba ingane eba. Ungase wamukele igazi kakhulu futhi senhliziyo, okwaholela ekufeni umbungu.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ukuba khona isifo umuntu angakwazi ukuhlonza ngendlela efanele usaqala (usebenzisa ultrasound) futhi ube imishanguzo efanele, ingane ibelethwe okunempilo ngaphandle nanoma yiziphi izinkinga (kwesinye isikhathi emuva ekuthuthukisweni ngokomzimba, isisindo somzimba ukubambezeleka). Kwezinye izimo, ingane ngokushesha emva kokuzalwa kwatholakala ukuthi banesifo sokuntuleka kwegazi azalwa naso futhi hypogammaglobulinemia Nokho, okuyinto, kukhona iyahambisana impilo futhi esilaphekayo.

Kuleso simo, uma owesifazane okhulelwe abaxhumana nayo nabantu elinegciwane, kutuswa ukuba afeze ultrasound njalo izivivinyo, kanye ukuba unikele ngegazi ukuze kutholakale izinga alpha-fetoprotein kanye titer omzimba - kuyasiza ukuthola inkinga ngendlela efanele usaqala, futhi kwandisa amathuba okuthi ukululama yimpumelelo futhi ephelele.

izindlela zesimanje uphethwe

Parvovirus ukutheleleka ezinganeni nakubantu abadala kudinga uphethwe obuphelele. Okokuqala, udokotela iqoqa umlando nakuhlolayo. Isithombe ngeziguli Kulokhu iyafana namanye izifo, ngakho qiniseka ukuthi ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa laboratory ezengeziwe.

Ikakhulukazi, amasampula ukuziphatha igazi wengane nezicubu ukulinganisa titers ka immunoglobulin, ayisiza ethize M G. Njengomthetho, inani Igm avuke ngosuku lwesithathu ngemva kusebenze ukutheleleka. Kodwa esengeziwe immunoglobulin G siyenzeka ngisho unyaka emva kokutheleleka. Lapho Stroke aplastic ku amasampula uzimisele kuphela inani eliphezulu lika amaprotheni kodwa igciwane futhi DNA yayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umnkantsha izifundo kungathola erythroid hypoplasia futhi khona isici giant erythroblasts.

Ngo izifo ezigulini immunocompromised the omzimba ayikwazi ukutholwa, kodwa kungenzeka ukwaba inqwaba izinhlayiya ezibangelwa amagciwane.

Uma kuziwa uphethwe ukutheleleka intrauterine, kunesidingo obuphelele ultrasound ukuhlolwa (zisize ekuhlonzeni hydrops fetus). Futhi olwenziwa laboratory ukuhlola egazini likamama futhi amniotic fluid ngoba khona-DNA viral kanye omzimba athile.

Parvovirus ukutheleleka izingane: ukwelashwa

Uma ubona ngisho izinsolo kancane khona leso sifo kufanele kudokotela. uchwepheshe kuphela uyazi indlela yokuphatha igciwane parvovirus.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ezimweni omnene, ingane ingavumi ngisho zidinga esibhedlela. Noma kunjalo, kufanele kube nomkhawulo walo nabantu enempilo, njengoba isigaba sokuqala lesi sifo ngempela esithathelwanayo. is it iphathwa kanjani ekhaya parvovirus ukutheleleka izingane? Komorowski, isazi sezifo zezingane owaziwa, uncoma embhedeni ukuphumula. Ingane idinga ukuba baphumule, siphuza neziphuzo kakhudlwana (ukuqeda izimpawu zokudakwa). Kodwa play asebenzayo futhi umsebenzi ngokomzimba contraindicated. Abazali kumele zithobele imithetho kwenhlanzeko, geza izandla zakho ngemva kokuthintana ingane, wenze njalo yokuhlanza ezimanzi, ekushintsheni amashidi futhi t. D.

Ayikho ingxenye engaphansi ebalulekile kwelashwa Ukudla. Lapho parvovirus ukutheleleka Ingane idinga ukudla okunempilo ocebile okunama-kilojoule amaningi kanye ukudla kalula digestible. Kuyadingeka ukuba banakekele ukuthi izitsha ekhona isamba elanele amavithamini namaminerali adingekayo ukuze ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba (qiniseka ukuthi ufaka izithelo nemifino kwimenyu). Futhi, ukudla kufanele kube okunothe futhi isilwane amaprotheni, njengoba lesi sifo kuhambisana anaemia kanye namazinga e-hemoglobin ukwehla.

Njengomthetho, izimpawu isifo zinyamalale bebodwa emva amasonto 1-2. Noma kunjalo, kwezinye izimo, zidinga ukwelashwa olucacile. Isibonelo, uma ngabe uhlelo lokusebenza ludinga imfiva izidakamizwa antipyretic ( "aspirin", "paracetamol" "Analgin" et al.). Uma isiguli athuthukile sokuqaqamba kwamalunga kabani ziphikelela isikhathi amasonto ambalwa, kuba ukusetshenziswa uyelulekwa izidakamizwa nonsteroidal eqeda ukuvuvukala ( "ibuprofen", "diclofenac", "Nurofen" nokunye. N.).

Uma kuziwa ekwelapheni iziguli immunocompromised, kungenzeka emthanjeni immunoglobulin, equkethe omzimba athile igciwane B19. Le ndlela alinikezi ikhambi eliphelele, kodwa kuyasiza ukuba ukucindezela umsebenzi ukutheleleka. Sinzima crisis aplastic kuyinkomba for abomvu cell igazi.

Ifomu njalo parvovirus ukutheleleka

Kwezinye izimo, uma ukwelashwa ingelashwa noma ngokungafanele kuba ifomu ezingamahlalakhona acute lesi sifo. isimo okunjalo kuyingozi kakhulu, njengoba izimpawu zaso kancane evelele. Kunzima nokwelapha. Okungalapheki parvovirus Lesifo ephelezelwa kwegazi, okuyinto eyenzeka ngo-amagagasi. Ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo sifo iba imbangela idiopathic umnkantsha aplasia erythroid ithambo. Lahla lesi sifo kunzima kakhulu. Ukumpontshelwa igazi kanye nokuphathwa immunoglobulin ukusiza ukugcina kwendikimba evamile.

Izindlela eziyinhloko lokuvikela

Kungaphawulwa ukuthi ukutheleleka parvovirus e ingane kungaba yingozi ngempela. Ngakho-ke, abazali abaningi banesithakazelo imibuzo ephathelene nokuthi amakhambi okuphumelelayo.

Ngeshwa, umgomo ngokumelene igciwane kuze kube manje akekho. Noma kunjalo ngenkuthalo uphenyo ukuthi kungenzeka umuthi ngeke kubangele ukuthuthukiswa lesi sifo, kodwa babe izakhiwo immunogenic. Kungenzeka ukuthi ikhambi enjalo asavela esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.

Kwezinye izimo, abantu abalandelayo contact nge itheleleke ukuncoma therapy ne immunoglobulin emthanjeni. Ikakhulukazi, lezo zinqubo ziboniswa abesifazane abakhulelwe, iziguli esingelapheki anaemia hemolytic noma ukuntula mzimba. Nokho namuhla akunqunywa ngokunembile, kungakhathaliseki prophylaxis enjalo siyasebenza ngempela.

Okuwukuphela izindlela zokuvikeleka ngokumelene igciwane ukungabi ukuxhumana abathwali emagciwaneni,, ngeshwa, musa kungabi lula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kutuswa ukuba bagcine sinemikhuba emihle yenhlanzeko, efana ukuwasha izandla ngemva kokuthintana iziguli, ngaphambi kokudla, nokunye. D.

Iziguli abanezifo, kanye labo ngilugcinile crisis aplastic kukhona abasabalalisi asebenzayo ukutheleleka. Yingakho badinga esibhedlela ngokushesha emnyangweni ezithathelwanayo kanye nokuntuleka ngokuxhumana ngqo nabantu enempilo saze saphela yokwelapha.