Isifo senhliziyo ezinsana. Izimpawu.

Ukukhubazeka kokuthuthukiswa kwesimiso senhliziyo ezinsana kubangelwa ukukhathazeka okunzima kakhulu ekubekeni kwezitho ngesikhathi sokukhula kwe-intrauterine ye-fetus futhi kuhambisane nezinkinga ezinkulu ze-hemodynamic ukuthi, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo nobunzima besimo, zingabonakala ngokushesha ngemva kwamahora ambalwa emva kokuzalwa noma emva kweminyaka eminingana yokuphila. Ezinye izifo zenhliziyo ezibangelwa ukubeletha azihambisani nokuphila, futhi zidinga ukungenela okusheshayo ngokushesha. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ingane ingase ife.

Njengomthetho, kuze kube yimanje, isifo senhliziyo ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa sinqunywa utero ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nge-ultrasound. Abazali bayatshelwa masinyane lokho okusongelayo, futhi yiziphi izinyathelo ezizodingeka zithathwe ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane enjalo.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezihlukene zokuhlukumezeka kwenqubo yezinhliziyo ezinganeni. Nangu omunye wabo.

Zonke izinto ezimbi zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu:

- ezimhlophe (nge-shunt kwesokunxele kwesokudla), ngalezi zibizo akukho ukuxuba igazi legazi eliyingozi;

- oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (nge-shunt kwesokunxele kwesokunxele), lapho igazi elibhekene negazi lixubene ne-venous.

Futhi, la maqembu ahlukaniswe ngamanye amaqembu amaningana. Ngakho emakhaleni amhlophe kufaka izinto ezimbi, ezihambisana nokuchichima kwegazi lomjikelezo omncane wegazi, i.e. Amapulazi (i-artifial duct evulekile (OAP), i-septal defect ye-atrial and interventricular (ASD, DMF), uxhumano oluvulekile lwe-atrio-ventricular, njll).

Zihlanganisa nesifo senhliziyo ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa ngokusweleka kwegazi elikhulu lokuhambisa igazi, i.e. Kuwo wonke umzimba, lokhu kuyisici esivamile, njengokuqhekeka kwe-aorta (aortic encane).

Izinsalela eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zihlanganisa ukungalungi okubeletha nomjikelezo omncane wokujikeleza kwegazi, okufana nokuguqulwa kwe-aortic, inkimbinkimbi ye-Eisenmenger, kanye nokukhwabanisa kwegazi elincane (tetralogy of Fallot, njll).

Uma isifo senhliziyo ezisanda kuzalwa singatholakali ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kamuva sisungulwa ngokuya kwemibonakaliso yemitholampilo. Zingahluka kakhulu, kodwa zikhona izimpawu eziningana zomtholampilo ezihambisana nanoma yisiphi isici.

Izimpawu zesifo senhliziyo:

- ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo noma okungahleliwe , okuhambisana nokuhlaselwa kwe-dyspnea-cyanotic, i-pallor, i-marbling noma i-cyanotic isikhumba, ehlobene ne-hypoxia engapheli yengane, i-pallor yexantathu le-nasolabial, ingane ayigcini ukushisa komzimba, njll.

- Izimpawu ze-cardiac zikhula kancane kancane ngokukhula kwengane, ziqukethe izikhalazo zobuhlungu enhliziyweni, mhlawumbe ukuthuthukiswa kwenhliziyo ye-hump (ngoba isifuba somntwana osanda kuzalwa singenakwenzeka kakhulu), ukukhononda kwenhliziyo ehlukahlukene kuyazwakala, futhi ukuhlelwa kwenhliziyo nezitsha eziyinhloko kuyashintshwa.

- ukwehluleka ukuphefumula, kuvela kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezinkinga. Kuhambisana nokuntuleka komoya, ingane iyancipha, iphefumula kakhulu, izinga lokuphefumula lidlula izinga lokuphefumula evamile. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuxoshwa kwezigaba ezithambile zesifuba ngesikhathi sokuphuza kubonakala.

- Esikhathini esizayo, izingane ezinesici zihlakulela i-hypoxia engapheli, ebonakaliswa uphawu lwe "drumsticks" kuma-phalanges eminwe, elalele ekuthuthukiseni kwanoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba, noma yonke inyama.

Isifo senhliziyo njalo ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa sihambisana nokukhononda kwenhliziyo, okuyinto kuphela isazi se-cardiologist esingazizwa esingayilalela, yize noma yikuphi ukuzwakala okuzwakalayo futhi okusobala kuyozwakala nanoma isiphi isazi sezingane. Uma uya esikhungweni sokuhlola izingane, qinisekisa ukuthi ulalela inhliziyo okungenani, ungasho ukuthi kufanele uhlale ulinganisa ubude bomzimba, umjikelezo wekhanda, imvamisa yokuphefumula, impulse nokucindezela. Lezi zivivinyo eziyisisekelo ezidingekayo zezingane ezisanda kuzalwa.