Kuyini rhubarb? Izinhlobonhlobo, betshala nokunakekela

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lena izitshalo engadini ewusizo (Polygonaceae umndeni) kutshalwa ezweni lethu isikhathi eside, abafundi bethu abaningi abazi ukuthi yini rhubarb.

izitshalo Okokuqala domesticated eRussia waletha omkhulu Russian usosayensi, isazi sokuma kwezwe, isihambi NMPrzhevalsky yaseNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia. Kamuva simila watholakala eliseMpumalanga Ekude, eSiberia, eCaucasus.

Kuyini rhubarb?

Ukwahlukaniswa lesifanele zalesi sitshalo Culinary kunzima ukunikeza. leaf Juicy petioles ke kumele cishe ashiwo imifino enamaqabunga aluhlaza, kodwa ukunambitha kakhulu efana apula. Yebo, futhi asetshenziswa ukupheka kanye izithelo: ukulungiswa ofakwe for ophaya, compotes kanye sezimoto.

Inani lesi sitshalo namanje lokuthi ripens ngasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho izitshalo nezithelo berry Kusafanele eziqhakaza izingadi zethu. Cultivars abe obucayi ukunambitheka petioles kuhluke precocity zokukhiqiza.

Kodwa emuva umbuzo oyinhloko lesi sihloko: Yini futhi kungani rhubarb abatshali emashumini ikhule kwamanye amasayithi? Kuyinto herbaceous isitshalo zisetshenziswa (umndeni Polygonaceae) nge izimpande enamandla athuthukile. Siqukethe iDemo esigaxeni side futhi izimpande ezinkulu.

Isiqu mude futhi eqinile, lafinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha amathathu, embozwe izindawo abomvu. Amaqabunga rhubarb, sise izimpande enkulukazi, amapuleti eziningi. On the stem ushiya ezincane. Rhubarb uqala eziqhakaza ekuqaleni kuka June, pink noma izimbali ezimhlophe. Izithelo (amantongomane brown) abavuthiwe emavikini amabili.

ingxenye yakhe zasemoyeni uyafa off ebusika, kodwa namahlumela kuyo le mpande niphile kwenye indawo yezinye amashumi amaningi eminyaka. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, rhubarb ikhula eChina, ETIBET, eMpumalanga Ekude, e elaliphansi kwamagquma Ephakathi naseNingizimu Asia, eCaucasus.

Umlando omncane

Rhubarb kutshalwa eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane edlule, futhi eYurophu Ephakathi babevela China. Izindwendwe waletha izimpande omisiwe zalesi sihlahla, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i "impande ophuzi". Aye asetshenziswe abantu imithi ukwelapha izifo eziningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpande ezisetshenziswa njengeziwusizo udayi yemvelo.

Namuhla, rhubarb Simila ukukhiqiza umoba okwehla esiphundu futhi unempilo, ezidumile ikakhulukazi emazweni aseYurophu izimpande okwelapha, kanye esetshenziswa njengoba isitshalo enhle zokuhlobisa engadini.

Ukuvuna of rhubarb

Ngokunakekela efanele futhi kufanelekile efanele, rhubarb ishidi bengqondo bukhula kwaze kwaba yilapho kuwa, Nokho kuba umkhiqizo kwesizini. Petioles ukuthi ziyizinhlobo eziningi kanjani ekuqaleni kudliwa kusukela ekuqaleni Kabusha ngaphambi maphakathi no-June, kungenzeka izinhlobo ngasekupheleni wasebenzisa kuze kube maphakathi no-July. Babe sebeba yizinceku sinewy, eziqinile, kunganambitheki, ngaphandle bandisa acid organic.

Abalandeli ungakwazi ukuvuna umoba ka rhubarb ngesimo marmalade, compotes, ukhukhamba kanye sezimoto.

izakhiwo awusizo

Rhubarb amaminerali abacebile izinto pectic, amavithamini. Kuyinto umkhiqizo wezokudla lapho kukhona nhlobo amanoni. Rhubarb kunomphumela ukukhanya isisu kwandisa umsebenzi esiswini secretory futhi kuthuthukisa igazi kwengoma. Rhubarb kuyasiza ekuthuthukiseni isimo sesikhumba.

izinhlobo rhubarb

Namuhla, izivande namahlathi atholakala njengoba varietal bahlakulela izinhlobo izitshalo nezinhlobo zasendle. zokuhlobisa ezikhangayo kwakamuva, lula yesondlo.

• Rheum officinale. Libhekene usayizi omkhulu: amamitha amahlamvu isitshalo ungomunye nengxenye ubude, futhi inflorescence idlule ukuphakama indoda.
• Rheum nobile. Lesi sitshalo yakha "uJakobe" okusezingeni eliphezulu, ehlanganisa ezinkulu lukathayela ishidi izingcwecwe zensimbi ezilula.

• Rheum palmatum. Igama lakhe lesibili - tangugsky. Lolu hlobo isithakazelo silnorassechennye elikhanyayo njengegazi izimbali namaqabunga, okuyinto baqheliswa peduncles okusezingeni eliphezulu.
• Rhubarb kuyinto zemifino. Lolu hlobo Kunconywa njengoba izitshalo engadini. Cultivars kwalesi silwane ube petioles uqweqwe amnandi, ephethe ukunambitheka ezimnandi, futhi azizange stiffen.

Rhubarb: ezihlukahlukene (ethandwa kakhulu)

Namuhla, kunamabandla angaphezu kwekhulu izinhlobo zalesi sitshalo, kodwa eRussia kabanzi, akuwona wonke.

• Okunhlobonhlobo Victoria - okungelinye lamabandla okuqala kakhulu futhi ezikhiqiza kakhulu. A yokunambitha okukhulu. petiole obuphelele ingeqi ngamasentimitha angu-60. Ngokusho abalimi, Victoria ezihlukahlukene has ethile - izimbali obuningi kakhulu.
• Moscow-42 - ingenye izinhlobo zokuqala ezithela eliphezulu futhi ukunambitheka omuhle kakhulu. Ubude petioles - ngamasentimitha emashumi asixhenxe, ukushuba yabo amasentimitha angaphezu kwamathathu. Petioles bushelelezi, zaveza oluhlaza futhi ube band ebomvu ezansi.

• Ogre 13 - maphakathi-eliphezulu ukuhoxa ezihlukahlukene. Excellent ithuthukisa futhi ukhiqiza umoba izithunzi. Inyama aminyene futhi eside neziqu bancane kakhulu kanye namanzi. Kwakheka ku ezimbili okuzala isitshalo yokuphunyuka.
• Krupnochereshkovy - ezihlukahlukene labasacala, esiyingxenye rosette onamandla amaqabunga, petioles ngemibala amnyama abomvu. Ubude yabo esingeqile cm 60 futhi ububanzi 2,5. Sinenkosi ukunambitheka emnandi futhi uginindela esithambile.

• Giant - hlobo kuhlobene yakamuva, ejabulisa sokuvuna, lapho izinhlobo zakuqala kakade iqhakazile, wayenza lukhuni. Petioles zinkulu, kuze imitha eyodwa ngesikhathi ukushuba amasentimitha afika kwamane, obomvu.

ukutshala rhubarb

A nendawo yokutshala izitshalo, ungakhetha cishe yiluphi uhlobo - uzizwa okukhulu, futhi ezindaweni umthunzi ngokwengxenye, e izindlu, phakathi kwezihlahla. Rhubarb frost nesomiso nemithi, ngoba uhlelo strong impande. Kodwa-ke kungcono uma phansi ngaphansi kwesihlahla ukuba angathathi hlangothi, kancane ubumba, ukuze nilondoloze kangcono umswakama, udinga rhubarb. Ukutshala Kwenziwa emva ezinhle pre yokumba isabelo saso kuyo zikwenza manyolo organic futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi, umlotha.

imbewu rhubarb isitshalo kuyinto efiselekayo ebusika ngokushesha ngoba unomphela. Bayoba ziqhume entwasahlobo, ngokushesha nje ukusungula esitebeleni zero lokushisa. Imbewu Ungesabi yesithwathwa omcane -7 ° C.

Ngesinye indawo angakhula rhubarb amashumi eminyaka. Kodwa uqweqwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amahlamvu mancane kakhulu, kufihlizwe ulahlekelwe juiciness yabo futhi ubumnandi. Ngenxa esihlalweni yemifino izinhlobo efiselekayo njalo eminyakeni eyishumi. Kuyinto isikhathi eside, ngakho uma ukutshala isihlahla kufanele zilethe izakhi iminyaka eminingi.

Okufanele ukwazi nge ukutshala rhubarb?

Ukutshala kusikisela ukuba khona cababa imigodi kahle esikhulu, cishe iyafana ngaphansi izitshalo nezithelo :. Ukujula Kokuhlakanipha 50 cm Bazigcwalisa evundile futhi humus. Ngo hole ngamunye kuyadingeka ukwenza nedlanzana umlotha superphosphate.

ukunakekelwa

Ngaphambili ngasemuva vuna zinikwa ehlathini, podsypaya ngaphansi kwakhe ibhakede humus nokumbiwa fertilizer. Entwasahlobo inhlabathi kuphela ngaphansi isihlahla okuxekethile, bazithela njengoba kudingeka. Entwasahlobo kungenziwa bondliwa zinhlobo Ornamental kuphela, njengoba amaqabunga, cuttings Awayi ukudla.

Rhubarb kuyinto linesizotha futhi kulula ukunakekelwa ithwala amaphutha amancane kwezolimo. Azonakekela lesi sitshalo kahle elula, ukubhekana nabo can futhi imfundamakhwela wensimu. Usikisela izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• ziba ngcono inhlabathi entwasahlobo, ngemva gaphambi;
• ekwindla ukumba inhlabathi kuze ka cm 30 ukujula;
• ukuvunwa ukuba aphulwa, hhayi ukusika umoba;
• ukusika ingxenye zasemoyeni zalesi sihlahla phezu okuvela izinsuku frost.

top-sigqoka

okunakekela isitshalo kuhlanganisa efaka umquba futhi ubambe ngesisekelo:

• ekwindla ka engengaphansi kwengu eziyisishiyagalombili khilogremu Umanyolo eziphilayo per imitha square (Peat umquba noma umquba);
• Entwasahlobo wenziwe 30 amagremu ammonium nitrate, okumele abe kulekelelwa superphosphate kanye potassium usawoti;
• kanye isizini ngayinye kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi isihlahla kokwakhiwa okulandelayo: kumele amalitha eziyishumi yamanzi ungeze ithisipuni (nge-slide) urea isipuni nitrophosphate 500 amagremu mullein futhi.

ukukhiqizwa kabusha

Ngakho, sathola ukuthi rhubarb futhi indlela yokutshala engadini. It uhlala ukulitshela olungaphimiseka kanjani, uma udinga eziningi umoba ewusizo futhi esihlwabusayo.

Rhubarb is okusakazwa imbewu bese vegetatively. Inketho sesibili kuhilela division of omdala esihlahleni (oneminyaka engu-hhayi engaphezu kwemihlanu iminyaka). Le ndlela is hhayi Kunconywa ngenkathi zezimbali.

Lesi sigaba ehlathini senziwa entwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwekwindla (kuze frost). Dug ehlathini ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye eziningana. Ifanele ukutshala impande enempilo amabili noma amathathu ihlumela ezinkulu apical, okuyinto lwajula ningasoze amasentimitha angaphezu kwamabili.

Uma uthanda zizalela imbewu rhubarb, kufanele ofakwe amanzi amahora ayishumi. Ukuqoqa imbewu ehlathini lakhe, ushiye amaningi asethuthukile sisuka isitshalo esingangeminyaka emithathu. Uma efihlekile abe nsundu, imbewu ingalandwa yomiswa.