Uxhumano elimisiwe amathambo ... Yini uxhumano lamathambo awashintsheki?

Amathambo ngabanye emzimbeni womuntu axhunyiwe nomunye elilodwa skeleton imisipha, nemisipha, cartilages. Basinikeza ukuma namandla, futhi ezimweni eziningi, futhi ukuhamba. Cishe wonke amathambo asemzimbeni womuntu ngqo okushiwo nomunye.

Izinhlobo uxhumano lamathambo

Kukhona 3 izinhlobo ukuxhumana phakathi amathambo: fixed, iselula semi ezihambayo. Lizinga inkululeko lincike ohlotsheni nokwakheka kwezicubu elise phakathi amathambo. Kungaba ukuxhumanisa ngempela kanzima, ukunikeza elinganiselwe lwenethiwekhi nezimo noma anhlobonhlobo ezinyakazayo:

1. Namanje ithambo kwakwakhe ivame ukuba zimiswe ngokusebenzisa Fusion zabo, kuyisici sobuntu ngenxa ukunyakaza elinganiselwe ukuntula kwakhe okuphelele noma ukuhamba encane.
2. Compounds khona lulwimi ezihambayo phakathi uxhumano umile neselula.
3. Ukuze kube nokuxhumana mobile amalunga omzimba, bazi ukuthi banesibophezelo izihambisimshini ukunyakaza emzimbeni.

uxhumano fixed

Uxhumano fixed has amathambo kogebhezi ukhalo womuntu. Emalungeni phakathi kwayo kube ungqimba ezondile omhlophe webhola yokuxhuma noma uqwanga. Uma ucabangela uhlobo kwakwakhe, kukhona ezivuzayo toothed, flat futhi izinhlayiya zeqhwa. Bonke bangabangasokile endaweni amathambo kogebhezi ukuhlonza cushioning umphumela ngesikhatsi ukunyakaza.

Ngenxa yokuthi uxhumano fixed has amathambo skull amathambo awuvikele izakhi ngaphandle ubuchopho kanye nezinhlaka sezinzwa, kanye yakha izici zobuso. Okukhishwayo kuphela ezihambayo temporomandibular nizhechelyustnye amalunga omzimba ukuthi ukuxhuma ugebhezi umhlathi ongezansi.

Isakhiwo amathambo skull

Ngo ugebhezi kukhona 2 bahlukana kakhulu:

• Omunye wabo, ubuchopho zakhiwe 8 amathambo ukuthi Ukuvikela ubuchopho futhi endlebeni. Zonke Amathambo akhe izingqimba oxhumene kwezicubu fibrous - amalunga omzimba.
• Ubuso siqukethe amathambo 14, lapho ikhala, umlomo namehlo. Amathambo ebusweni esifundeni belinganisa isici UBUSO bomuntu. I ingaphakathi acinene ihlukaniswe halves ezimbili ziyalingana septum osteochondral. amaqhubu emathanjeni nokudleka ngokuthi turbinates, ophoqelelwe ukugeleza emoyeni angenayo efudumele elicwengekileyo, kusale uthuli lwamafinyila kanye amagciwane. Lokhu kuvula le sinuses.

Uxhumano elimisiwe ithambo has a ungqimba ezondile kwezicubu lunemicu edlala indima glue. Kuyinto obukhulu kumiswa fibrous okubenza babe ongasanyakazi. a esinqunyiwe uxhumano okunjalo lamathambo ngokuthi synarthrosis. Synarthrosis atholakala Yekhanda, ezifana amalunga omzimba wakhe kanye ezicutshini phakathi kwazo. Yilokho elihlangene kanjani nomunye amathambo Yekhanda namazinyo ne izimbobo emihlathini.

Semi-ezihambayo kwakwakhe

Kubantu, 7 amathambo wesibeletho, zazo zikhona ezimbili Atlanta engenhla futhi Axial. Atlanta - indandatho insimbi, okuyinto uthela lonke isisindo Yekhanda womuntu. Igama lakhe, ngasendleleni, lunikezelwa titan wasenganekwaneni ebambe emahlombe akhe kwengungu yamazulu. Kuyinto ngenxa ukuhambisana we Atlas ne skull, umuntu angaba Unqekuzisa ikhanda. A vertebra Axial noma epistrophe yakha izinyo phezulu, emhlabeni lapho siphenduka kanye Atlas Yekhanda.

Xhuma amathambo semi ezihambayo yiyona uqwanga, kodwa uqwanga mkhulu lapho ingaphakathi engajulile. ukuhamba Limited lezi zakhi kungenxa uqwanga amapuleti kanye izintambo nokunwebeka.

Synchondrosises - lulwimi ezihambayo ukuxhumana phakathi amathambo degree encane kakhulu ukuhamba. compounds Uqwanga azibalulekile ukuhamba ngenxa kuyaqina we uqwanga, ithambo esibophezelayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokuhlanganyela semi ezihambayo wethambo has symphysis pubic, ukuvala ukhalo phambi futhi akwazi ukugcina umgogodla. Amaseli uqwanga ahlukaniswe izidakamizwa intercellular ngokuvamile esakha uhlaka okuqinile, ukuvumela ukwenza esibophezelayo, ukusekela kanye umsebenzi zokuzivikela.

uxhumano cartilaginous

Kunezinhlobo eziningana uqwanga:

1. Hyaline (lwengilazi) - okuvame kakhulu. Futhi unamandla kakhulu, abushelelezi, bluish. It yakha skeleton ombungu futhi omdala - ingxenye izimbambo, ukwesekwa zokuphefumula namathambo okushiwo evele articular. Ngokuthakazelisayo, skeleton fetus yakhiwa ngokuyinhloko i-uqwanga ezifana nezimo, okuyinto kancane kancane esiholela ithambo izicubu. Izinsalela uqwanga phakathi diaphysis futhi epiphyses ossify kuphela iminyaka engu-25. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akubona bonke ossified uqwanga skeleton. Uhlala Laphezu articular lamathambo, ikhala nezindlebe.
2. I fibrous (fibrous) - olumhlophe ngombala. Iqukethe ezingaphezu collagen ethandele namafomu compounds nge ukuhamba elinganiselwe, ezifana ohlanganisa akwazi ukugcina intervertebral. Lezi akwazi ukugcina cartilaginous intervertebral kungenzeka kancane onomfutho futhi zinyakaze kodwa ukunikeza nezimo of emgogodleni ngenxa kaningi yayo.
3. Nokunwebeka (net) - aphuzi ngombala. It sibonisa inani elikhulu imicu mithambo ine-elastin, onikeza ke ukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo. It yakha amathambo endoda indlebe womphimbo.

Collagen - material okuhlala kakhulu futhi ikhululekile, okuyinto ngesisekelo kwezicubu kakhulu zezinzwa ukuthi uxhume, wabelane, futhi bavikele izitho ezibalulekile. Lezi zihlanganisa ithambo, uqwanga, izicubu fibrous.

Uxhumano elimisiwe amathambo: izibonelo

Ukukhuluma uxhumano elimisiwe amathambo, kudingeka ame synostosis ukuthi kwakhiwa kusukela syndesmoses futhi synchondrosises ngeminyaka. Kulokhu, lo ezicutshini noma uqwanga phakathi amathambo abanye siguqulelwa ithambo.

Ngakho, amathambo kwebhande okhalo - uyisibonelo kanjani amathambo ukuxhumana isilungisiwe. Bakha okuthile ngesimo endishini, futhi izitho ukuvikela nokusekela esiswini ephansi. Lokhu ibhande zingamelana imithwalo ezinkulukazi hip ingaphakathi Ilunga kulapho ijule ngokungaphezulu kuka ehlombe, ngakho-ke uzinzile kakhulu.

Ngokwesibonelo, coccyx yakhiwa 3-5 amathambo esingesihle tho ngeminyaka e ithambo elilodwa esingunxantathu. Esinye isibonelo synostosis aphume ashone ezivuzayo yene noma fontanel kwezinsana. Lokhu synostosis bokuphila.

Kodwa ngoba ezinye izifo wethambo Ukuqina sekuyenzeka zedivayisi hhayi kuphela izicubu uqwanga kungenzeka, kodwa futhi ezinye amalunga omzimba. Lokhu synostosis sokugembula. Movement ngesikhathi Ukuqina sekuyenzeka enjalo ngokwemvelo engekho.