"Automated" Okuningi ku udaba eziphilayo ngandlela-thile. Ngakho, thina ungacabangi, lapho esiwuphefumulayo, musa ukulawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo kanye nezinye izinto eziningi. Futhi iyini ngesisekelo ukuziphatha ethize? Kulesi sisizwa ngu mshini kumiswa ikhaliphe moya. Uzokwenza kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi isihloko akulula, futhi bonke abantu izwele kudingeka isibindi, ngaphambi kokufunda lesi sihloko.
ulwazi olujwayelekile
Ake sixoxe izindlela bokuphila kumiswa ikhaliphe moya. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isihloko okukhulu ngenxa ukuqonda lo mshini wezenzo kufanele kube ukuqonda inombolo ethize izingxenye zalo. Ayikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle eside isisekelo theory. Masiqale. Okubaluleke nakakhulu kithi Article babe receptor. Lapho ukushuba ukushukuma mkhulu kunezinhliziyo kombundu ethile amandla, excitation kwenzeka. Iqala ukusakaza inqubo olubucayi futhi adluliselwe ku-CNS (isimiso sezinzwa). Ngemva kwalokho, impendulo - yokusabela reflex. I excitation osithathayo isinyathelo endaweni ethile, isikhungo ukubhekana nezinzwa sezinzwa akuzona umzimba, kodwa ingxenye encane nje kuphela. Njengomthetho, ukuthola ulwazi oluthile effector amasayithi.
Izici komzimba
Isithakazelo kithi ihlinzeka ngendlela yokuba kumiswa uxhumano yesikhashana. I reflex moya has engavamile ukuthi ngamunye umfutho (umsindo, ukukhanya noma ezinye) ukuthola value isignali ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Uma ukuthi babé yinto ecasulayo, ngokuthi impendulo ekhethekile. Kungaba motor, secretory, ukudla, ukuzivikela nokunye. Cabanga ngalesi sibonelo: ngokushesha lapho sizwa sibiziwe ukuthi adle, isebenze umfutho hlangothi futhi iqala ukwenza reflex salivary. Kwenzeka okufanayo nalapho senza ezemidlalo. Ngakho, umzimba uyaqaphela ukuthi inani imithwalo akusho yehle, futhi uqala eduze iqaphe izinga inhliziyo, umfutho wegazi, umfutho umzimba nokunye. Ezinye zalezi kugucuka singaba nomuzwa ngokwakho. Ngakho, kubalulekile ukuba ngokushesha ukusebenzisa amamitha ambalwa, njengoba inhliziyo kufanele kube ngokoqobo siphume esifubeni. Konke ikhaliphe moya.
izibonelo ezengeziwe
Ake Walk kuqala okwengeziwe ingqondo. Zingaba hhayi kuphela ngokomzimba, kodwa futhi engqondo. Ngakho, lapho umuntu ushiya ikamelo, ngaso sonke isikhathi cisha ukukhanya - reflex. Akenzi bacabanga, kodwa ngokuzenzakalela kwenza zonke izinyathelo ezidingekile. Kungashiwo okufanayo sinciphile isibonelo inombolo yocingo. Ngakho ezingajwayelekile, kodwa kudingeka ukudayela amadijithi eziyisikhombisa kusukela abantu abambalwa lokuqala kuyoba ibutho. Kodwa uma isibalo zokubhalisa fixed ebalulekile (isibonelo, ilungu lomndeni), khona-ke kuzokwenzeka ngisho ngaphandle ukunakwa umuntu. Okungukuthi, izinombolo ngeke ezoshayelwa by reflex. Ezimweni ezinjalo, singasho ukuthi ulwazi oluthile sabonakala inkumbulo yesikhathi eside kanye ukubuyiswa kusuka lapho njengesingeniso eyengeziwe ye-inqubo umsebenzi ubuchopho.
ingabe kuvela kanjani?
Ake sibheke imibandela kanye mshini kumiswa ikhaliphe moya. Okubaluleke kunakho konke ngoba lokhu:
- inhlanganisela okuphindaphindayo umfutho ngabandayo nge impendulo ngaphambilini elakhiwe.
- impilo Unamandla.
- Isikhathi esithile, onikeza ithuba "ashona" i-ejenti ngabandayo.
- Ukungabikho nezinye izinhlobo ukuvivinya isimiso sezinzwa.
- ezingeni ezanele excitability.
- Ngenhla-embundwini ukushuba umfutho moya.
Empeleni, ukuze "hook" umzimba womuntu kunzima. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi phezu kwesikhumba akha inqwaba amagciwane. Futhi uma saba nozwela ngokweqile, awazi lonke kithi. Futhi we nothi yokuthi ukuleso simo lakuso umlingisi ikhaliphe elilandelayo achazwayo isheshe. ngesivinini Nokho ezahlukene.
Umgomo we operation
Ake sibheke indlela ye kumiswa reflex moya of Pavlov. Leli gama umndeni yaziwa abaningi. Kodwa uyini lo muntu odumile? Yena exhumene kumiswa ikhaliphe moya futhi umsebenzi cortex cerebral. Futhi akuyena obangela abantu embulungeni yonke, futhi izingxenye zayo ngazinye. Ngakho, kwatholakala ukuthi labo bazibandakanye arc ikhaliphe olungenamkhawulo futhi ngaphansi kwemibandela ethile. Phakathi kwabo kukhona uxhumano yesikhashana nge inhlanganisela okuphindaphindiwe. Kungani becabanga kanjalo? Kuye kwatholakala ukuthi uma kuyoba khona ukugcizelela, khona-ke uzonyamalala. arc ngamunye has engavamile lalo. Ngakho, lokhu kungase usebenzise isignali esihlelwe kusengaphambili noma ukuqinisa unconditioned. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ubuhlobo abasafufusa isebenza isimiso of ubudlelwano evelele. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kuphumela ukubonakala moya impendulo reflex. Ngakho-ke okungalungile ukuba akhulume 'okunemibandela arc reflex. " Crustal kumiswa izindlela ezihilela izingxenye ezimbili.
Ngokwesibonelo imodeli
Pho kwenzeka kanjani lokhu usosayensi ukucabanga ukuthi? Mhlawumbe abaningi ngizwile le nkulumo - "inja (a) Pavlová". Lena inkomba kweqiniso emhlabeni izibonelo eziphathelene ikhaliphe. Usosayensi kanye wafunda isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene. Wathi ukuthi uma ukukhanya kuza ku, okuwuphawu mayelana kudla, izinja uqale salivate. Futhi ngisho noma ungatholi ukudla, amathe isazoqhubeka zenzeka. Usosayensi nentshisekelo kule qiniso eziyinqaba, ngo-1903 wamemezela mayelana indlela reflex emhlabeni wonke. Umphakathi Ososayensi ngakho ehlaselwa lokhu okutholakele ukuthi ukhishwa kuye uMklomelo KaNobel. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-1904. On the ukusebenza, kwatholakala ukuthi izilwane ezahlukene ngezindlela ezahlukene ukukhiqiza ingqondo. Ngakho-ke, Nkosi; kepha nezinjana kwadingeka enze isinqumo esibonisa 10-20 inhlanganisela. Ukuleso simo lakuso umlingisi kwamiswa ngokushesha ikhaliphe elandelayo. yi etholwe ngenhlonipho kumuntu ukuthi kwanele futhi inhlanganisela ezishukumisa (sawubona usosayensi waseBrithani).
yokuphepha Izici
Lo mshini kumiswa reflex moya kuyinto skirmish nge ezishukumisa njalo, okuzokwenza baqinise imiphumela abasafufusa. Maqondana izinja, kwatholakala ukuthi elilungile isikhathi lebanga amasekhondi angu-5-10. Futhi, sicela uqaphele ukuthi ezimweni lapho ezishukumisa abantu abalwazi kahle ulimi uqale usebenze ngaphambi nandaba, ikhaliphe moya ekhiqizwa ngeke. Njalo is engavamile oyisazi samakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho kwatholakala ukuthi zemfundo izixhumanisi phakathi lwesikhathi zenzeka lapho umzimba uzimisele. Lapho ukozela Okubukwe Kwaphawulwa ukuthi ikhaliphe okunemibandela zenzeka kancane noma okungakhulunywa nhlobo ngabo kumiswa waphawula. Kungashiwo okufanayo wathi endodeni. Nakhu kungathiwani mshini kumiswa ikhaliphe moya.
ulwazi kafushane ahanjiswe ngaphambi sihloko sinikeza kuphela umqondo wokuthi isimo jikelele, futhi uma unentshisekelo isihloko, kungenzeka ukuba bajwayelane imisebenzi yesayensi - abayikho okuthakazelisayo nokuwusizo. Futhi, kungenziwa nobunzima ezithile kubonakala, uma isimiso sezinzwa ubuswa izikhungo ukuthi awahlobene ne ingqondo ekhondishina. Ngakho, lapho phambi inja ushiya ikati futhi afakwe ingilazi yesibani, bona amathe iphutha. I Kungashiwo okufanayo ngendoda imatasa nge izindaba zakhe.
ukuphazamiseka
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukwakheka ikhaliphe moya inikezwe kungenzeka kuphela uma ukulungele ukucubungula le umzimba. Ngakho, uma ubheka isimo nge inja, amathe alesi sinambuzane kwenzeka kuphela kulezo zimo lapho isilwane kwaba esimweni bazila ukudla. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi wayengumuntu ukudla ujabule isikhungo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi buthaka kuyoba zamandla ashukumisayo, kancane uzobe kwakhiwa ikhaliphe moya (noma ngeke ngokuvamile ayidaleki). Futhi umphumela kulokhu akuwona uzinze. Akufanele indiva iqiniso lokuthi khona ezintweni eziqinile ngokweqile kungaholela lokho kuzokwethulwa mshini eliwumhlaba (zokuzivikela) unyathela amabhuleki. Lokhu kubuye kube nemtselela lomubi kumiswa ikhaliphe moya.
Ngesisekelo kumiswa
Uyini lo mshini kumiswa ikhaliphe ekhondishina, okungukuthi alpha yale nqubo? Kulokhu, ohlangothini bokuphila udaba kuyosisiza kancane. Kuyadingeka lokumba mangqamuzana kakade. Ngakho, ngo-abaningi ezicini sibonga fixing ulwazi labetibambile ribonucleic acid. Uma senani emzimbeni ewa, kulandele eziya ziba zimbi kahle yokufunda izilwane zokucwaninga. Futhi kule nqubo abathintekayo kanye cerebellum, striatum nokunye. Kodwa ngaphezu uyalandisa kuphela izilwane aphansi. Ngo ezincelisayo nomuntu ngemuva kwaso, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kuyinto cortex wemfanelo. Bathatha indima ebaluleke kunazo zonke kodwa akuzona izinhlangano kuphela ingashintshwa le njongo. B lingasetshenziswa esikhundleni kumiswa reticular. Ngakho, lapho kwenziwa ukuhlola ku izinja, kwatholakala ukuthi uma asuse ama- cerebral, bakwazi ukwakha reflex moya. Kodwa kuphela elula kakhulu.
isiphetho
Oh, emangalisayo, isimiso sethu sezinzwa! Kunengqondo - lula kangaka! A kabusha ukudala ke, noma ngisho kabusha vimbela kodwa thina asikwazi. Kodwa lokhu kungatholakala kuphela Kuxhomeke isikhathi - olunye ucwaningo futhi sagcina uzokuqonda ukuthi ukuthini futhi kusebenza kanjani. Nokho, ngeshwa, awayona ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi ukuba azigcine kuyodingeka uthole abantu nge sengqondo eqinile futhi esitolo okuhle ngolwazi. Uzokwenza kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi namanje kwenziwe izithakazelo lwesintu. Kodwa, naphezu iwusizo zokukhwabanisa enjalo namanje becikekile inombolo kahle esikhulu sabantu.