Kuyini Quantum Mechanics

Ngaphansi quantum Mechanics theory ukuqonda ukuziphatha ngokomzimba othakazelisayo ndaba nemisebe amafomu. Lesi sisekelo lesingiso, theory lapho yakhiwe imfundiso yokuziphendukela yesimanje ye nuclei athomu, ama-athomu, nemizimba yenyama, amangqamuzana omoya nezinhlayiyana aphansi. Ngokuvamile, quantum Mechanics sidalwe ososayensi ababefuna ukuqonda isakhiwo ye-athomu. Iminyaka eminingi zesayensi edume wafunda izici isiqondiso yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali walandela izenzakalo zomlando isikhathi.

Umqondo ezifana quantum Mechanics, wayezelwe iminyaka. Ngo-1911, ososayensi Niels Bohr futhi 'uRutherford wathi makwenziwe imodeli yenuzi ye-athomu, okuyinto okusikhumbuza imodeli Copernican sonozungezilanga nalo. Phela, isimiso sonozungezilanga kwadingeka maphakathi nalo nucleus emhlabeni lapho amalunga ligijima. Ngesisekelo lo mbono kungukuqala ekubalweni Izakhiwo kanye amakhemikhali ezinye izinto okwakhiwa kuso ngama-athomu alula.

Omunye izindaba ezibalulekile mbono, quantum Mechanics - Uyinhloboni amabutho ukuthi nakanjani athomu. Ngenxa yomthetho Coulomb sika, uRutherford wabonisa ukuthi lo mthetho nje ngezinga elikhulu. Yingaleso sikhathi-ke kudingekile ukunquma indlela ama-electron, ukuhambisa ngaphakathi wo orbit. Kuleli qophelo, yayisiza umthetho Newton.

Eqinisweni, quantum Mechanics ngokuvamile kuphambene imiqondo ezifana ingqondo. Kanye yokuthi umuzwa wethu ezivamile siyasebenza kuphela kubonisa uhlobo lwento kungenziwa othathwe nakho nsuku zonke. Futhi, yena, nakho nsuku zonke usebenzelana kuphela imihlola vumelekile emhlabeni futhi izinto ezinkulu, kuyilapho zesandulela ndaba ezingeni subatomic futhi-athomu ebe eziphatha ngendlela eyehlukile. Ngokwesibonelo, e-macrocosm, singayeka kalula ukunquma khona iyiphi into usebenzisa instrumentation nezindlela. Futhi uma thina ukukala izixhumanisi electron izinhlayiya ezincane, bese sidebeselela ukuxhumana into yokukala kanye idivayisi wokulinganisa kumane kungamukeleki.

Ngamanye amazwi singasho ukuthi quantum Mechanics theory ngokomzimba, owenza izindlela nemithetho motion microparticles ezahlukene. Kusukela Mechanics classical, elichaza ukuhamba microparticles, quantum Mechanics libhekene amapharamitha amabili:

- ubunjalo Cishe ngobuningi ethile yemvelo, njengomthetho ijubane futhi isikhundla microparticles ukucacisa kahle kungenzeki, ungakwazi kuphela ukubala ematfuba namagugu abo;

- izinguquko ngokuqhubekayo tintfo lucobo, isibonelo, amandla we microparticle kuphela ezinye amagugu ethile.

quantum Mechanics namanje kubabangele a eside ezifana indlela yokubhala efihla incazelo quantum, okuyinto ubuchwepheshe elikhula ukuthi ungakwazi ukushintsha izwe. indlela yokubhala efihla incazelo Quantum ihlose ukuvikela ubumfihlo zokuxhumana kanye nokwaziswa. Le nkulumo ingase isekelwe indlela yokubhala efihla incazelo ku izenzakalo ezithile of quantum physics futhi uyazicabangela izimo lapho ulwazi angadluliselwa esebenzisa isihloko quantum Mechanics. Kulapha usebenzisa ama-electron, izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya, kanye nezinye izindlela ngokomzimba kunqunywa inqubo ethola futhi ukuthumela ulwazi. Ngenxa indlela yokubhala efihla incazelo quantum, ungakha futhi ukuklama uhlelo zokuxhumana ezingaba ukubona ngilalele ekusithekeni.

Kuze kube manje, eziningi izinto, ukunikela ekutadisheni imiqondo ezifana izisekelo quantum Mechanics nesiqondiso, kanye imisebenzi yokubhala efihla incazelo quantum. Ukuze sithole ulwazi kulesi theory nzima, kubalulekile ukufunda kahle nokucwaninga kule ndawo. Ngempela, quantum Mechanics - lena akuyona umqondo lula, okuyinto ibilokhu wafunda futhi wafakazela ukuthi ososayensi esikhulu kunazo zonke iminyaka eminingi.