Amaphrotheni biosynthesis - njengoba kwenzeka?

Amaphrotheni biosynthesis kwenzeka kuzo zonke izitho, izicubu namaseli. Inani elikhulu amaprotheni kwemiqondo esibindini. Ribosomes baphathe amaprotheni biosynthesis. Amakhemikhali, ribosomes - nucleoproteins sakhiwa RNA (50-65%) kanye amaprotheni (35-50%). Ribonucleic acid kukhona izingxenye luyimbudumbudu reticulum endoplasmic, lapho ukunyakaza kwenzeka biosynthesis futhi kuhlelwe umqondo amaprotheni molecule.

Ribosomes atholakala ngaphakathi kwengqamuzana ngesimo Amahlukuzo amayunithi 3 kuya ku-100 - polysomes (polyribosomes). Ribosomes ngokuvamile kuhlobene ngentambo eyinqaba ebonakalayo ngaphansi ngesibonakhulu electron - futhi i-RNA.

ribosome ngamunye Odin synthesize polypeptide yabo uchungechunge, iqembu - eziningana amaketanga ezifana namaprotheni-molecule.

Izinyathelo wamaprotheni biosynthesis

Ukuqalisa amino acid. Ngo hyaloplasm kusuka uketshezi interstitial ngenxa okusheshayo, Osmosis noma ezokuthutha asebenzayo we-amino acid wathola. Uhlobo ngalunye amino futhi imino enzyme baxhumana ngabanye - aminoatsilsintetazoy. Ukusabela isebenze magnesium cations, manganese, ayibe. Kukhona isebenze acid acid.

Amaphrotheni Biosynthesis (isigaba sesibili) - futhi ukusabela enkompolo nge isebenze acid acid m-RNA. Kuvulwa amino acid (aminoacyl adenylate) usebenzisa enzyme idluliselwe-t-RNA ye-cytoplasm. Le nqubo ibizwa catalyzed ngu aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. acid acid lezi zinsalela ziyavezwa ukuthi kuhambisane iqembu hydroxyl we carboxyl athomu yesibili Carbo ribose nucleotide tRNA.

Amaphrotheni Biosynthesis (esigabeni sesithathu) - zokuthutha we eyinkimbinkimbi isebenze acid acid nge m-RNA e emangqamuzaneni ribosome. I acid acid ixhunyaniswe tRNA, budluliselwe kusuka hyaloplasm phezu ribosome. Le nqubo ibizwa catalyzed ngu enzyme ethile, lapho umzimba akuyona esingaphansi 20. Abanye amino acid kuthiwa zithutha eziningana tRNA (isib valine futhi leucine - ezintathu tRNA). Le nqubo isebenzisa amandla GTP futhi ATP. Isinyathelo sesine biosynthesis libhekene yokubopha aminoacyl-t-RNA eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye RNA - ribosome. Aminoacyl-tRNA, uya ribosome baxhumana m-RNA. Ngasinye ingxenye t-RNA sakhiwe nucleotide amathathu - anticodon. Uzungu mRNA siyafana nalokho ama-nucleotide amathathu - codon. Ngamunye codon luhambisane tRNA anticodon nokukodwa acid acid. Phakathi biosynthesis Banamathele ribosomes efomini aminoacyl-tRNA amino acid, okuyinto ngemuva kwalokhu ngokulandelana kunqunywe nokubekwa codons futhi mRNA akhiwa iketango polypeptide.

Esigabeni esilandelayo amaprotheni zamagama - kuyinto emizameni yokuthuthukisa iketango polypeptide. Ngemva angomakhelwane aminoacyl-tRNA anticodon ohlanganiswe yabo codon-RNA, izimo synthesis neketanga polypeptide. Owenza isibopho peptide. Lezi izinqubo catalyzed synthetases peptide, isebenze MG cations namaprotheni imvelo Ukuqalwa izici F1, F2, F3. Umthombo wamandla kumakhemikhali guanozintrifosfatnaya acid.

Ukupheliswa iketango polypeptide. I ribosome, okwakubekelwa kwemiqondo phezu iketango polypeptide, futhi uchungechunge isiphelile-RNA, lapha "kuzuba" kuyo. Kuze kube sekupheleni okuphambene mRNA unamathele endaweni yawo ribosome entsha, okuyinto synthesizes omunye molecule polypeptide. I chain polypeptide is bathinteka kusukela ribosome futhi excreted ku hyaloplasm. Cishe le ndlela yokusabela Kwenziwa usebenzisa ethize ukukhululwa isici (R), okuyinto ehlangene ribosome kusiza hydrolysis we nokuxhumanisa ether phakathi polypeptide futhi tRNA.

Ethers futhi kwakhiwa hyaloplasm polypeptide amaketango amaprotheni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kwakheka yesibili, ephakeme futhi ezimweni eziningi - isakhiwo quaternary engqamuzaneni amaprotheni. Ngakho lapho amaprotheni biosynthesis kuseli.